阅读说明：本技术 一种制备混合冰冻弹丸的装置及其制备方法 (Device and method for preparing mixed frozen projectile ) 是由 徐红兵 曹曾 刘德权 钟云珂 胡毅 朱根良 于 2020-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于受控核聚变等离子体密度技术领域,具体涉及一种制备混合冰冻弹丸的装置及其制备方法,包括:枪管、冻结装置、快阀、排气管和加热丝；枪管的外壁中部固定环套有冻结装置,枪管的外壁上还环套有若干个加热丝,环套在枪管上的若干个加热丝以冻结装置为中心位置对称设置；冻结装置的外壁上也设置有加热丝；快阀通过排气管与枪管其中一端的端口相连接。本装置制备的混合冰冻弹丸可对聚变堆中等离子体破裂起到缓解作用,本制备方法采用原位冷凝原理,将混合冰冻弹丸注入实现更深沉的粒子沉积,实现等离子体密度更高,能量辐射更大的技术效果。(The invention belongs to the technical field of controlled nuclear fusion plasma density, and particularly relates to a device for preparing mixed frozen shots and a preparation method thereof, wherein the device comprises a gun barrel, a freezing device, a quick valve, an exhaust pipe and a heating wire; the freezing device is sleeved on a fixing ring in the middle of the outer wall of the gun barrel, the plurality of heating wires are sleeved on the outer wall of the gun barrel in a ring manner, and the plurality of heating wires sleeved on the gun barrel in a ring manner are symmetrically arranged by taking the freezing device as a central position; the outer wall of the freezing device is also provided with a heating wire; the quick valve is connected with a port at one end of the gun barrel through an exhaust pipe. The mixed frozen projectile prepared by the device can relieve plasma breakage in a fusion reactor, the preparation method adopts an in-situ condensation principle, and the mixed frozen projectile is injected to realize deeper particle deposition, so that the technical effects of higher plasma density and larger energy radiation are realized.)

1. The device for preparing the mixed frozen projectile is characterized by comprising a gun barrel (1), a freezing device (2), a quick valve (7), an exhaust pipe and a heating wire (3); the freezing device (2) is sleeved on a fixing ring in the middle of the outer wall of the gun barrel (1), the heating wires (3) are sleeved on the outer wall of the gun barrel (1) in an annular mode, and the heating wires (3) sleeved on the gun barrel (1) in an annular mode are symmetrically arranged with the freezing device (2) as the center; the outer wall of the freezing device (2) is also provided with a heating wire (3); the quick valve (7) is connected with the port at one end of the gun barrel (1) through an exhaust pipe.

2. An apparatus for preparing hybrid frozen projectiles as claimed in claim 1 wherein said heating wire (3) is power regulated in response to the temperature values of the gas triple point to output a heating temperature suitable for preparing hybrid frozen projectiles.

3. A device for preparing mixed frozen pellets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the barrel (1) is of hollow cylindrical configuration as a whole, and the barrel (1) is further provided with vacuum suction means at both ends.

4. An apparatus for preparing hybrid frozen pellets as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the freezing device (2) further comprises a cryogenic refrigerator and a freezing area (6), wherein the refrigeration temperature range of the cryogenic refrigerator is 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low Z feed gas.

5. An apparatus for preparing hybrid frozen pellets as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the vacuum air extraction device comprises two vacuum air extraction ports (8), and the two vacuum air extraction ports (8) are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the ports at the two ends of the gun barrel (1).

6. A method of manufacturing a device for preparing a blended frozen pellet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

the first step is as follows: firstly, starting vacuum air exhaust devices at two ends of a gun tube (1) to perform vacuum air exhaust, and closing the vacuum air exhaust devices after ensuring that no other gas exists in the gun tube; starting a low-temperature refrigerating device of the freezing device (2), reducing the temperature of a freezing area of the freezing device (2) in the inner surface of the gun barrel (1) to be 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low-Z charging gas, and meanwhile, slowly feeding the low-Z charging gas according to the gas quantity required by calculation, wherein a layer of low-Z charging ice layer is frozen on the inner surface of the gun barrel (1);

the second step is that: then starting vacuum air-extracting devices at two ends of the gun tube (1), extracting low-Z charging gas in the gun tube, and closing the vacuum air-extracting devices; after being pumped out, high Z impurity gas is slowly fed into the gun barrel until the freezing area of the freezing device (2) in the inner surface of the gun barrel (1) is filled with the high Z impurity gas by freezing adsorption;

the third step: starting the vacuum air-extracting devices at the two ends of the gun tube (1) again to extract high-Z gas in the gun tube, and simultaneously starting the heating wire (3) to properly heat the freezing area of the freezing device (2); the fast valve (7) is opened and the mixed frozen projectile is launched at high speed.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of controlled nuclear fusion plasma density research, and particularly relates to a device for preparing a mixed frozen projectile and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In order to ensure that the fusion device can be stably confined for a long time as possible in the future, various instability factors need to be overcome, so that researches on confinement and transport of plasma, MHD stability, operation limit and rupture, energy and particle control and the like become the key directions of the existing Tokamak plasma researches; it has now been found that plasma fragmentation instability is a rapidly growing instability factor; after the plasma is broken, the generated thermal load may cause the device components to melt or evaporate; the generated corona current can generate large electromagnetic force, which brings great harm to the device; the energy of the escaping electrons generated can reach dozens or even hundreds of megaelectron volts (1eV is 11600K), once formed, the high-energy escaping electrons are separated from the background thermal plasma in velocity space, and the high-energy escaping electrons bombard the first wall or device parts to cause serious damage to the wall.

The degree of harm is increased along with the increase of the size of the device, so that the effective escape suppression means is designed and researched as one of the key points of the current Tokamak plasma physical research, and is also one of the physical foundations of the engineering design, safe operation and safety protection of the next generation of large magnetic confinement devices and the problems which need to be solved.

In view of the above problems, it has been found that if a large amount of high-Z impurity gas, where Z is an atomic number, is injected before plasma is broken, energy is radiated by the high-Z impurity gas, so that damage caused by plasma breakage can be reduced.

Therefore, it is necessary to design a device and a method for injecting a large amount of high-Z impurity gas before plasma rupture, so as to effectively increase the plasma density, reduce the thermal load of the first wall of the fusion device, suppress the escaping electrons, and reduce the escaping current.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to design a device for preparing a mixed frozen pellet and a preparation method thereof, which realize higher energy radiation by injecting the mixed frozen pellet and utilizing high-Z impurity deep injection, realize the improvement of plasma density and solve the technical problem of fusion or evaporation damage and the like of fusion reactor device parts caused by the unstable factor of easy breakage of plasma.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a device for preparing mixed frozen pellets comprises a gun barrel, a freezing device, a quick valve, an exhaust pipe and a heating wire; the freezing device is sleeved on a fixing ring in the middle of the outer wall of the gun barrel, the heating wires are sleeved on the outer wall of the gun barrel in an annular mode, and the heating wires sleeved on the gun barrel in the annular mode are symmetrically arranged with the freezing device as a center; the outer wall of the freezing device is also provided with a heating wire; the quick valve is connected with a port at one end of the gun barrel through an exhaust pipe.

And the power of the heating wire is adjusted according to the temperature value of the gas three-phase point so as to output the heating temperature suitable for preparing the mixed frozen projectile.

The gun barrel is integrally of a hollow cylindrical structure, and vacuum air exhaust devices are further mounted at two ends of the gun barrel.

The freezing device also comprises a cryogenic refrigerator and a freezing area, wherein the refrigerating temperature range of the cryogenic refrigerator is 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low Z feed gas.

The vacuum air exhaust device comprises two vacuum air exhaust ports, and the two vacuum air exhaust ports are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the ports at the two ends of the gun barrel.

A method of making an apparatus for preparing a blended frozen pellet as described in any one of the above, comprising the steps of:

the first step is as follows: firstly, starting vacuum air exhaust devices at two ends of a gun tube, performing vacuum air exhaust, and closing the vacuum air exhaust devices after ensuring that no other gas exists in the gun tube; starting a low-temperature refrigerating device of the freezing device, reducing the temperature of a freezing area of the freezing device in the inner surface of the gun barrel to be 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low-Z charging gas, and meanwhile, slowly feeding the low-Z charging gas according to the gas quantity required by calculation, wherein a low-Z charging ice layer is frozen on the inner surface of the gun barrel;

the second step is that: then starting vacuum air-extracting devices at two ends of the gun tube, extracting low-Z charging gas in the gun tube, and closing the vacuum air-extracting devices; after being pumped out, high Z impurity gas is slowly fed into the gun barrel until the freezing area of the freezing device in the inner surface of the gun barrel is filled with the high Z impurity gas by freezing adsorption;

the third step: starting the vacuum air-extracting devices at the two ends of the gun tube again to extract high-Z gas in the gun tube, and simultaneously starting the heating wires to properly heat the freezing area of the freezing device; the fast valve is opened and the now mixed frozen projectile is launched at high speed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the device achieves the effect of relieving plasma breakage in a fusion reactor through the mixed frozen projectile at the manufacturing part, the preparation method adopts the in-situ condensation principle, the mixed frozen projectile is injected into the fusion reactor, deeper particle deposition can be realized, and the technical effects of higher plasma density and larger energy radiation are realized; so as to reduce the thermal load of the first wall during plasma cracking; the escaping current during the plasma breaking period can be reduced, and the generation of escaping electrons can be inhibited.

The reason why the design of the invention is beneficial to the high-speed launching of the mixed projectile is that the maximum tensile strength of the high-Z impurities and the maximum tensile strength of the low-Z impurities below the triple point are different, as shown in the embodiment, the maximum tensile strength of deuterium and hydrogen is respectively 2.5bar and 4.4bar, and the maximum tensile strength of argon, neon and the like is 11.4bar and 7.5bar, so that the projectile can be peeled from the inner wall of the gun barrel by high-pressure gas with smaller pressure, and the projectile is accelerated, and if high-pressure gas with higher pressure is adopted, the mixed projectile can be accelerated more.

In addition, deuterium or hydrogen in the mixed shot prepared by the method can further realize higher plasma density; argon or neon in the mixed projectile can be increased and energy radiated to combine two points so as to reduce the thermal load of the first wall during plasma rupture, reduce the escaping current during plasma rupture, inhibit the generation of escaping electrons and the like.

The device has simple preparation structure and can prepare the mixed frozen projectiles with various sizes. The blended frozen pellet injection achieves deeper particle deposition than the high Z gas injection relative to the high Z gas injection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing a hybrid frozen pellet according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of a high Z contaminant gas frozen to adsorb and fill the inside surface of a barrel during the preparation of a hybrid frozen pellet according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a blended frozen pellet as it is being prepared and launched at a high rate in an embodiment of the invention;

wherein: 1-gun tube, 2-freezing device, 3-heating wire, 4-low Z ice layer, 5-high Z ice layer, 6-freezing area, 7-quick valve and 8-vacuum pumping hole

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples:

a device for preparing mixed frozen pellets comprises a gun barrel 1, a freezing device 2, a quick valve 7, an exhaust pipe and a heating wire 3; the freezing device 2 is sleeved on a fixing ring in the middle of the outer wall of the gun barrel 1, the heating wires 3 are sleeved on the outer wall of the gun barrel 1 in an annular mode, and the heating wires 3 sleeved on the gun barrel 1 in the annular mode are symmetrically arranged with the freezing device 2 as the center; the outer wall of the freezing device 2 is also provided with a heating wire 3; the quick valve 7 is connected with a port at one end of the gun barrel 1 through an exhaust pipe.

The heating wire 3 is subjected to power regulation according to the temperature value of the gas three-phase point so as to output the heating temperature suitable for preparing the mixed frozen projectile.

The gun barrel 1 is integrally of a hollow cylindrical structure, and vacuum air exhaust devices are further mounted at two ends of the gun barrel 1.

The freezing apparatus 2 further comprises a cryogenic refrigerator having a refrigeration temperature in the range of 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low Z feed gas and a freezing zone 6.

The vacuum air pumping device comprises two vacuum pumping holes 8, and the two vacuum pumping holes 8 are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the gun barrel 1.

High Z refers to elements with higher atomic numbers; conversely, low Z refers to elements having a lower atomic number, and Z refers to atomic numbers.

A method of making an apparatus for preparing a blended frozen pellet as described in any one of the above, comprising the steps of:

the first step is as follows: firstly, starting vacuum air exhaust devices at two ends of a gun barrel 1, performing vacuum air exhaust, exhausting air through vacuum air exhaust ports 8 arranged at the end openings at the two ends of the gun barrel 1, and closing the vacuum air exhaust devices after ensuring that no other gas exists in the gun barrel; starting a low-temperature refrigerating device of the freezing device 2, reducing the temperature of a freezing area of the freezing device 2 in the inner surface of the gun barrel 1 to 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low-Z charging gas, and meanwhile, slowly feeding the low-Z charging gas according to the gas quantity required by calculation, wherein a layer of low-Z charging ice layer is frozen on the inner surface of the gun barrel 1;

the second step is that: then starting vacuum air-extracting devices at two ends of the gun tube 1, extracting low-Z charging gas in the gun tube, and closing the vacuum air-extracting devices; after being pumped out, high Z impurity gas is slowly fed into the gun barrel until the freezing area of the freezing device 2 in the inner surface of the gun barrel 1 is filled with the high Z impurity gas by freezing adsorption;

the third step: starting the vacuum air-extracting devices at the two ends of the gun tube 1 again to extract high-Z gas in the gun tube, and simultaneously starting the heating wire 3 to properly heat the freezing area of the freezing device 2; the barrel is opened and the mixed frozen pellets are launched at high velocity.

The mixed frozen projectile prepared by the invention mainly comprises two layers, wherein the outer surface is a low-Z impurity ice layer made of low-Z substances (such as deuterium, hydrogen and the like); the interior is a high Z impurity icicle, and the material is high Z impurity substance (such as argon, neon and the like);

the low Z feed gas is deuterium, hydrogen, etc. in this embodiment, and the high Z impurity gas is argon, neon, etc. in this embodiment.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The prior art can be adopted in the content which is not described in detail in the invention.