阅读说明：本技术 电路板套管 (Circuit board sleeve ) 是由 史蒂芬·斯卡夫汉斯 伦霍尔德·哈默尔 于 2020-04-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及用于在穿孔(204)中引导电导体穿过电路板(206)的电路板套管(100),电路板套管(100)具有由塑料材料制成的载体(102),该载体具有连贯的、基本上空心圆柱形的容纳部(106),且电路板套管具有布置在容纳部(106)中的由金属材料制成的基本上环形的弹簧元件(104),载体(102)在横向于容纳部(106)取向的端侧具有将电路板套管(100)与电路板(206)机械连接的连接元件(108),弹簧元件(104)环绕地具有多个朝内部指向的弹簧片条(110)和通过载体(102)中的空隙(114)引导到载体(102)外侧的延伸部(112),延伸部(112)与温度传感器(116)导热耦合。(The invention relates to a circuit board bushing (100) for guiding electrical conductors through a circuit board (206) in a through-hole (204), the circuit board bushing (100) having a carrier (102) made of a plastic material, the carrier has a continuous, substantially hollow-cylindrical receptacle (106), and the circuit board bushing has a substantially annular spring element (104) made of a metallic material arranged in the receptacle (106), the carrier (102) has, on an end side oriented transversely to the receptacle (106), a connecting element (108) which mechanically connects the circuit board bushing (100) to the circuit board (206), the spring element (104) has a plurality of spring webs (110) directed toward the inside and an extension (112) which is guided through a recess (114) in the carrier (102) to the outside of the carrier (102), the extension (112) being thermally conductively coupled to the temperature sensor (116).)

1. A circuit board bushing (100) for guiding electrical conductors through a circuit board (206) in a through-hole (204), wherein the circuit board bushing (100) has a carrier (102) made of a plastic material, which has a coherent, substantially hollow-cylindrical receptacle (106) and which has a substantially annular spring element (104) made of a metal material arranged in the receptacle (106), wherein the carrier (102) has, on an end side oriented transversely to the receptacle (106), a connecting element (108) for mechanically connecting the circuit board bushing (100) to the circuit board (206), the spring element (104) having a plurality of inwardly directed spring strips (110) and an extension (112) guided through a recess (114) in the carrier (102) to the outside of the carrier (102) in a circumferential manner, wherein the extension (112) is thermally conductively coupled with a temperature sensor (116).

2. Circuit board bushing (100) according to claim 1, wherein the spring element (104) is embodied in a manner that it is slit transversely to a circumferential direction of the spring element (104), wherein the slit is arranged with respect to the extension (112).

3. The circuit board bushing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spring webs (110) are formed by web regions (118) which are slit a plurality of times transversely to the circumferential direction of the spring element (104) and are each connected at least at one end to a circumferentially consecutive connection region (120) of the spring element (104), wherein the connection regions (120) bear against the inside of the receptacle (106).

4. The circuit board bushing (100) according to claim 3, wherein the spring webs (110) of the web region (118) are furthermore each connected at a second end opposite the end to a further circumferentially consecutive connection region (120) of the spring element (104).

5. The circuit board bushing (100) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spring strips (110) are embodied in an arcuately curved manner towards the inside.

6. The circuit board bushing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the receptacle (106) has a shoulder (202) which runs around on the inside as a bearing surface for the spring element (104).

7. The circuit board bushing (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the receptacle (106) has a positioning device (200) at an upper edge opposite the end side for positioning the spring element (104).

8. The circuit board bushing (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the recess (114) is embodied as a slot starting from an upper side of the carrier (102) opposite the end side, wherein the carrier (102) is embodied in the region of the end side in an annularly closed manner.

9. The circuit board bushing (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, which is arranged on a through-hole (204) of a circuit board (206), wherein the connecting element (108) is arranged in a corresponding receptacle of the circuit board (206), and the extension (112) of the spring element (104) is in thermally conductive contact with a thermally conductive conductor track (210) of the circuit board (206), wherein the temperature sensor (116) is arranged on the circuit board (206) and is thermally conductively coupled with the conductor track (210).

10. An electrically conductive pin (300) for guiding in a circuit-board bushing (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pin (300) has an electrically insulating insulation layer (302) at least at the location where the spring strips (110) of the spring elements (104) contact the surface of the pin (300) in the final position of the pin (300).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a circuit board bushing and a Pin (Pin) for arrangement in the circuit board bushing.

Background

The invention is described below primarily in connection with components for an on-board electrical system of a vehicle. The invention can also be utilized in every application in which an electrical load should be transported.

The electrical conductor heats up as a result of the passage of the current and increases the ohmic resistance of the conductor, which in turn leads to increased heating. Thus, in the event that the conductor becomes overheated, the passing current may be limited or reduced.

In order to detect that the conductor has become overheated, the temperature of the conductor can be detected, for example, by a temperature sensor attached to the conductor.

DE 112014003014T 5 shows a cable-connected temperature sensor which is fixed to a round conductor by means of a holding device.

Disclosure of Invention

The aim of the invention is to provide a thermal coupling of a temperature sensor to an electrical conductor using a device that is as simple as possible in terms of construction.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims, in the description and in the drawings. In particular, dependent claims of one claim category can also be extended analogously to dependent claims of another claim category.

A circuit board bushing for guiding electrical conductors through a circuit board in a perforation is proposed, wherein the circuit board bushing has a carrier made of a plastic material with a continuous, substantially hollow-cylindrical receptacle and with a substantially annular spring element made of a metal material arranged in the receptacle, wherein the carrier has, on an end side oriented transversely to the receptacle, a connecting element for mechanically connecting the circuit board bushing to the circuit board, the spring element having a plurality of inwardly directed spring webs (Federamelle) around it and an extension guided through a recess in the carrier to the outside of the carrier, wherein the extension is coupled in a thermally conductive manner to a temperature sensor.

An electrical conductor may be understood as an electrically insulated wire as follows. The conductors can be implemented as pins in a plug connector. The electrical conductor may in particular have a circular cross section. The circuit board may be referred to as a printed circuit board (Platine). The circuit board can be oriented transversely to the plugging direction of the electrical conductors. The plastic material of the carrier may be electrically insulating. The plastic material may for example be a thermoplastic plastic material. The carrier can be embodied as an injection molded part. These connection elements can be, for example, pins for the caulking in the through-holes of the circuit board. Likewise, the connecting elements may be positioning hooks for engaging into through holes of the circuit board. The metallic material may be, for example, copper or a copper alloy. The spring element may be a stamped part or a stamped and bent part. The spring element can be bent annularly before insertion into the receptacle. Likewise, the spring element can be bent annularly during insertion into the receptacle. A substantially annular spring element can be understood as: the spring element is annularly shaped within tolerances and/or does not, for example, completely close the ring and leaves a small partial section open compared to the circumference. When the electrical conductor dimensioned as intended is thick, the spring strips can project further inwards in the relaxed state. When the conductor is inserted into the circuit board bushing, the spring strips are pressed outwards and with a restoring spring force against the conductor. The spring webs or the entire spring element can be encased electrically insulating, in particular electrically insulating. Thus, bare electrical conductors can also be inserted into the circuit board sleeve.

The extension is thermally coupled to the spring strips, since the extension is made of a metallic material and is connected integrally to the spring strips. The extension therefore has in a good approximation the same temperature as the spring strip. The spring strips absorb the temperature of the electrical conductor. Heat is conducted in the spring element and the temperature sensor is made to reflect the temperature of the extension in a temperature value.

The spring element can be embodied in such a way that it is slit transversely to the circumferential direction of the spring element. The slit may be arranged with respect to the extension. The spring element can be compressed more strongly when inserted into the receptacle than in the final position in the receptacle by the slit. Thereby, it can be easily introduced into the accommodating portion. Additionally, the spring element can only achieve a ring-like shape when compressed, thereby simplifying the production of the spring element.

The spring webs can be formed by web regions which are slit several times transversely to the circumferential direction of the spring element. The spring webs can be connected at least at one end to circumferentially consecutive connection regions of the spring element. The connecting region can rest against the inside of the receptacle. The spring element may be formed from one piece. The spring strips may be spaced apart from one another by slits. These spring strips may be wider at the fixed end than at the inwardly projecting loose (los) end.

The spring webs of the web region can furthermore each be connected at a second end opposite the end to a further circumferentially consecutive connecting region of the spring element. The two ends of the spring web are each connected at their own connecting region. These ends may be wider than the inwardly projecting middle portion of the spring blade strip. When the conductor is inserted into the circuit board bushing, the connection region can be pressed apart in the axial direction of the receptacle. The width of the spring element can thereby be increased.

These spring webs can be embodied in an arcuately curved manner towards the inside. The arc shape avoids sharp edges and enables a large contact surface between the electrical conductor and the contact lug.

The receptacle can have a shoulder which runs around on the inside as a bearing surface for the spring element. The shoulder may be an annular shoulder in the outer side of the receptacle. The shoulder can be oriented substantially parallel to the end face, i.e. the shoulder can be oriented parallel to the end face within tolerances. The spring element can be inserted into the receptacle up to the shoulder. The shoulder can clearly define the position of the spring element in the receptacle.

The receptacle can have a positioning device for positioning the spring element at an upper edge opposite the end face. The positioning device may have a lead-in ramp and an undercut for preventing the spring element from sliding out of the receptacle. The spring element can be displaced during insertion via the positioning device. In this case, the spring element can be compressed and/or the receptacle can be pressed apart.

The recess can be embodied as an (ausgehend) cut from the upper side of the carrier opposite the end side. The carrier can be embodied in the form of a ring-shaped closure in the region of the end face. In this slit, the extension can slide up to a final position when the spring element is inserted into the receptacle. The spring element can be prevented from twisting in the receptacle by the extension in the slit.

The circuit board sleeve may be disposed over the through hole of the circuit board. The connection elements may be arranged in corresponding receptacles of the circuit board. The extension of the spring element can be in thermally conductive contact with the thermally conductive conductor track of the circuit board. The temperature sensor may be arranged on the circuit board and thermally conductively coupled to the conductor track. By arranging the temperature sensor on the circuit board next to the carrier, the temperature sensor can be mounted by means of standardized assembly techniques. The conductor track can be arranged on the surface of the circuit board, for example, around the receptacle for the extension. The conductor track can be produced simply and at low cost. The extension may be soldered to the conductor line. The receptacle for the extension can be, for example, a through-hole in the conductor track. The receptacles for the connecting elements may be arranged, for example, in a ring-shaped manner distributed around the perforations for the electrical conductors.

Furthermore, according to the solution proposed here, an electrically conductive pin for guiding in a circuit board bushing is proposed, wherein the pin has an electrically insulating layer at least at the location where the spring webs of the spring element contact the surface of the pin in its final position. The circuit board bushing can be separated from the potential of the pin by an electrically insulating layer. For example, the pin may be at a high voltage level of, for example, several hundred volts, especially greater than 300V. The circuit board can be designed for low voltages of, for example, a few volts, in particular less than 30V, by means of insulation. Alternatively, the spring webs or the entire spring element can be sheathed with an insulating layer. The uninsulated pins can then also be guided by the circuit board bushings without the potential of the pins being transferred to the circuit board.

Drawings

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained next with reference to the figures. Wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a spatial representation of a circuit board sleeve according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a circuit board sleeve according to one embodiment; and

fig. 3 illustrates a spatial representation of a circuit board sleeve disposed on a circuit board according to an embodiment.

The figures are merely schematic representations and are used only to illustrate the invention. Identical or identically acting elements are always provided with the same reference numerals.

Detailed Description

For easier understanding, reference numerals will be kept in the following description with respect to fig. 1-3 as references.

Fig. 1 illustrates a spatial representation of a circuit board sleeve 100 according to an embodiment. The circuit board bushing 100 has a carrier 102 and a spring element 104. The carrier 102 is made of a plastic material and has receptacles 106 for the spring elements 104. The carrier 102 is embodied here as an injection molded part. The receptacle 106 is a substantially cylindrical recess which extends from the top side of the carrier 102 to the opposite end side of the carrier 102. The outer side of the carrier 102 is here likewise substantially cylindrical. The outer side may also have other shapes. The spring element 104 is made of a metallic material and is arranged in a receptacle 106. The spring element bears at least in some regions annularly against the inner wall of the receptacle 106. The spring element is embodied here as a stamped and bent part.

The circuit board bushing 100 is designed to be arranged before a perforation of a circuit board, not shown here, and to guide electrical conductors, also not shown, in the perforation. For this purpose, the carrier 102 has three connecting elements 108 in the region of the end face. These connecting elements 108 project laterally from the carrier 102 and are distributed uniformly along the circumference of the carrier 102. The connecting elements 108 are embodied here as L-shaped latching lugs which project beyond the end face and can be engaged in suitable recesses of the circuit board. In the case of the use of the connecting element 108, the circuit-board bushing 100 can be arranged at least approximately before the perforation is arranged centrally.

The spring element 104 has spring webs 110 which project from the inner wall of the receptacle 106 toward the inside. These spring strips 110 reduce the free inner diameter of the circuit board sleeve 100. If an electrical conductor, in particular a round conductor, is introduced into the circuit-board bushing 100, it strikes against the spring strip 110 and deforms it in the direction of the inner wall of the receptacle 106. The spring webs 110 are thereby pressed against the conductor with the resulting restoring force. If the conductor is arranged in the circuit board bushing 100 and does not cause additional forces on the conductor, the spring strips 110 center the conductor in the receptacle 106. Due to the flexibility of the spring strips 110, the spring elements 104 are able to compensate for slight movements and/or angular misalignments of the conductors.

The spring element 104 also has an extension 112 which is arranged in a void 114 of the carrier 102. The extension 112 leads from the inside of the carrier 102 to the outside of the carrier 102. On the outside, a temperature sensor 116 is thermally conductively coupled to the extension 112. The extension 112 is bent over outside the carrier 102 transversely to the end face. Thus, when the circuit board bushing 100 is placed on a circuit board, the free end of the extension 112 can be inserted into a slot provided for this purpose of the circuit board.

In one embodiment, the spring webs 110 are constructed by longitudinally slit web regions 118. The strip region 118 is arranged between two transversely oriented connecting regions 120 of the spring element 104. These connecting regions 120 connect the ends of adjacent spring strips 110 to one another. Between the connecting regions 118, the spring webs 110 are arched toward the inside in an arc-shaped manner.

In one embodiment, the connection regions 120 are interrupted with respect to the extension 112 and are therefore not annularly closed. The spring element 104 is thus embodied as a longitudinal slit. By the lanced embodiment, the spring element 104 can be compressed for insertion into the pocket 106 and in a compressed state have an outer diameter that is smaller than an inner diameter of the pocket 106.

In one embodiment, the voids 114 of the carrier 102 are implemented as slits. The slit reaches here from the upper side of the carrier 102 up to the proximal side. At the end face, the carrier 102 is embodied in an annular closed manner by a narrow web below the extension 112. The spring element 104 extends beyond the slit on the inner side of the carrier 102.

Fig. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a circuit board sleeve 100 according to an embodiment. The circuit board bushing 100 here corresponds essentially to the circuit board bushing from fig. 1. The cross-sectional view is divided into two parts and shows two radial partial cross-sections through the circuit board bushing 100, which are oriented orthogonally to each other. The right-hand partial section extends concentrically through the extension 112 of the spring element 104 as far as the longitudinal axis of the circuit board bushing 100. The left-hand partial section extends transversely thereto from the longitudinal axis through the positioning device 200 of the carrier 102.

The positioning device 200 is arranged on the inner wall of the carrier 102 in the region of the upper side of the carrier 102. The positioning device 200 has an upward-pointing lead-in chamfer for inserting the spring element 104 into the receptacle 106 and an end-side-pointing undercut for axially retaining the spring element 104.

The spring element 104 rests in the end-side region against a circumferential shoulder 202 of the receptacle 106. The shoulder 202 narrows the diameter of the receptacle 106 at least in some regions and thus provides a contact surface for the spring element. Since the carrier 102 is embodied here as an injection molded part, the shoulder 202 is interrupted relative to the positioning device 200 in order to provide space for a slide valve (Schieber) of an injection molding tool for forming an undercut of the positioning device 200.

The connection region 120 of the spring element 104 rests against the inner wall of the carrier 102. The spring region 118 is bent away from the inner wall in a substantially circular arc. The spring region 118 is slit in the axial direction. These spring webs 110 are therefore arc-shaped webs which are each spaced apart from the respectively adjacent spring webs 110 by a slot. These spring strips 110 are narrower in the center than at the ends.

The extension 112 is bent transversely to the connecting region 120 in the region of the cutout 114 and is bent outside the carrier 102 again in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The extension 112 is therefore oriented tangentially to the outer wall of the carrier 102, outside the carrier 102. The portion of the carrier 102 bridging the gap 114 between the extension 112 and the end side is thicker than the shoulder 202.

In one embodiment, the circuit board sleeve 100 is disposed over a through hole 204 through the circuit board 206 and is connected to the circuit board 206 by a connection element 108. The extension 112 is disposed in a slot 208 of the circuit board 206, wherein the slot is disposed adjacent to the perforation 204. In the region of the slot 208, the circuit board 206 has a conductor track 210, which is thermally coupled to the extension 112, for example by means of a solder connection. The temperature sensor 116 is arranged as an electronic component on the circuit board 206 and the connection of the temperature sensor 116 is connected to the conductor track 210. Through this connection, the temperature sensor 116 can detect the temperature of the conductor line 210 and thus of the electrical conductor in the circuit-board bushing 100 through the extension 112 and the spring region 118.

Fig. 3 illustrates a spatial representation of a circuit board sleeve 100 disposed on a circuit board 206 according to an embodiment. The circuit board bushing 100 here corresponds essentially to the illustration in fig. 2. In addition thereto, a conductive pin 300, which is made of a metallic material in this case, is inserted into the circuit board bushing 100. The pins 300 pass through the circuit board 206 in through-holes covered by the circuit board bushing 100. The pins 300 are, for example, contacts of a plug connector, in particular contacts of a charging plug for charging a traction battery of an electric vehicle. The pin 300 is here a circular conductor and has a bevel (Fase) at the free end in order to simplify: the introduction into a counterpart of the pin, not shown here.

The pin 300 is electrically insulated from the spring element 104 by an insulating layer 302. The circuit board bushing 100 is used here only for detecting the temperature of the pin 300. Insulating layer 302 is disposed between spring strips 110 and the metallic material of pin 300. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the surface of pin 300 is coated with an insulating layer 302 in the region which has the contact for spring strip 110 in the final position of pin 300. The spring strips 110 thus absorb the surface temperature of the insulating layer 302. The temperature is transferred through the spring element 104 and the extension 112 to the temperature sensor 116 through a thermally conductive path.

In other words, fig. 1 to 3 show a circuit board bushing element, denoted as circuit board bushing 100, for contact and temperature measurement of a circular conductor, denoted as pin 300. The circuit board bushing element is designed for the electrically insulated temperature detection of a round conductor, for example, of a current-carrying pin 300 of a charging socket. In this case, automated production is possible both during production and during assembly. High static measurement accuracy can be achieved by low thermal resistance. Because the temperature sensor 116 is placed in the vicinity of the circular conductor, there is a small amount of thermal mass in the thermal conduction path and dynamic response of the temperature sensor 116 can be guaranteed (Ansprache).

The temperature of the round conductor can be taken off and conducted to the SMD temperature sensor 116 by a plastic support with an integrated strip ring, denoted as spring element 104, denoted as carrier 102. The strip loop is used here at the same time to compensate for mechanical tolerances.

The proposed solution is very low cost and can be equipped fully automatically. The components used can be produced in a simple and proven manner.

The circuit board bushing 100 is constructed in a mechanically very simple manner, thereby reducing tool costs. The support device for the strip loop can be made of any plastic. In the case of a charging socket, a standard swivel can be used as the pin 300 and an electrical insulation means can additionally be applied. The solution proposed here can be used in view of all plug connections with the required temperature monitoring device (and the round plug contact).

A round conductor whose own temperature is to be detected according to the solution proposed here (for example the conductive pin 300 of a charging socket) has an electrical insulation layer, denoted as insulation layer 302, such as polyimide tape, plastic injection molding, powder coating or shrink hose, at the temperature that is to be measured. Such a layer is as thin as possible in order to constitute as little thermal resistance as possible to the surface of the circular conductor.

The temperature sensor 116 may be, for example, an NTC or PTC, such as PT100, PT1000 or Ni 1000. The temperature sensor 116 is located on a conventional circuit board 206 with a through-hole, through which a round conductor is guided. Around the perforation, further openings or recesses are provided, which serve to hold a plastic carrier that can be placed on the circuit board 206 in an automated manner.

The plastic carrier can be fixed by holding projections (e.g., snap fit). Alternatively, thermal caulking of the printed circuit board is also possible.

The plastic carrier likewise has perforations, on the inner side of which metal strip loops are fastened. The strips of the ring project toward the center point of the perforation and thus narrow the cross section of the perforation to a slightly smaller extent than the diameter of the round conductor to be threaded. If the round conductor is thus guided by the plastic holder and the circuit board 206, the electrically insulating surface of the round conductor bears circumferentially against the strips of the fixed strip ring.

The strip loop is introduced into the plastic carrier from one side, wherein the strip loop is pushed in this case up to a bearing surface which prevents the strip loop from sliding through. In order to prevent slipping out counter to the insertion direction, positioning hooks are provided which also fix the strap loops in this direction.

The strip loop has an extension 112 which projects from the plastic holder onto the circuit board 206 and can be soldered there. Thus, a thermal conduction path is created from the circular conductor surface to the circuit board 206 by the strip loop. The already mentioned temperature sensor 116 is placed in close proximity to the soldering point of the strap loop extension and the circuit board 206.

Thus, the temperature sensor 116 measures the surface temperature of the circular conductor in an approximate manner, without necessarily having direct contact with the circular conductor or being subjected to mechanical stress. Any play, for example play or wobbling, of the round conductor is compensated for by the strip loop, so that a circumferentially stable contact is produced between the strip loop and the round conductor, which maximizes the heat transfer surface for this application.

It is advantageous to design the strip ring as a stamped and bent part, wherein it is advantageous in view of the smallest possible plate thickness in order to keep the thermal capacitance of the ring small. Here, a compromise between a thin wall thickness and sufficient mechanical stability is necessary.

The strip ring serves, in addition to the thermal contact, at the same time for compensating mechanical tolerances when placing the round conductor and for compensating for play/wobbling, which is important, for example, during the plugging of the charging socket to its own conductive pins.

A circuit board bushing 100 is shown by way of example in fig. 1 to 3. The temperature sensor 116 used here by way of example is a PTC of the Ni1000 type in the form of an SOT-23 structure. The Package (Package) has three pins, two of which on the long side of the sensor are provided for resistance measurement and the third pin is provided in particular for the thermal connection of the sensor. Other sensor types may also be used, in which heat is conducted to the sensor, for example through a copper layer within or underneath the printed circuit board. Likewise, a thermal coupling via an additional heat-conducting element can be envisaged, wherein the additional heat-conducting element bears against the sensor and against the extension of the strip ring.

During the production of the printed circuit board, the strip ring can be pushed into the plastic holder for assembly. In the manufacture of printed circuit boards, the required perforations and openings are made to accommodate the plastic holders. In addition, the circular conductor can be provided with an electrically insulating layer in parallel therewith. Next, the plastic holder with the strip ring and the temperature sensor can be placed on a printed circuit board and soldered. The finished printed circuit board can then be placed in the housing and the circular conductors led through the printed circuit board.

Since the apparatus and method described in detail above relate to embodiments, the apparatus and method may be modified in a usual manner by a person skilled in the art within a wide range without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the mechanical arrangement and the dimensional ratios of the individual elements to one another are selected merely as examples.

List of reference numerals

100 circuit board sleeve

102 Carrier

104 spring element

106 accommodating part

108 connecting element

110 spring strip

112 extension part

114 gap

116 temperature sensor

118 strip area

120 connection region

200 positioning device

202 shoulder

204 perforation

206 circuit board

208 slitting

210 conductor line

300 pin

302 insulating layer