阅读说明：本技术 多喷嘴气化炉 (Multi-nozzle gasification furnace ) 是由 姜从斌 李立志 李红海 郭进军 张文斌 丁建平 张学智 陈伟 于 2019-04-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种多喷嘴气化炉,包括外壳及设置在所述外壳内部的内胆,所述内胆包括由上至下依次设置的上内胆、中内胆及下内胆,所述中内胆由多个结构相同的弧形水冷部件围成,相邻的弧形水冷部件之间均设置喇叭口形的喷嘴护罩,各所述喷嘴护罩中均穿设有伸入所述内胆的侧喷喷嘴,所述多喷嘴气化炉还包括与所述侧喷喷嘴连接的喷嘴角度调整装置,其用于根据炉内数据实时调整所述侧喷喷嘴的喷射角度；本发明的多喷嘴气化炉,提高了气化炉气化煤种适用性和煤炭转化效率；另外,通过喷嘴护罩,保护气等多种保护措施,对气化炉内热负荷大温度高的中内胆内壁区域进行针对性保护,减少烧损风险,延长气化炉运行周期,提高使用寿命。(The invention discloses a multi-nozzle gasification furnace, which comprises a shell and an inner container arranged in the shell, wherein the inner container comprises an upper inner container, a middle inner container and a lower inner container which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the middle inner container is surrounded by a plurality of arc water cooling parts with the same structure, a nozzle shield in a bell mouth shape is arranged between every two adjacent arc water cooling parts, a side spray nozzle extending into the inner container is arranged in each nozzle shield in a penetrating manner, and the multi-nozzle gasification furnace also comprises a nozzle angle adjusting device connected with the side spray nozzle and used for adjusting the spray angle of the side spray nozzle in real time according to data in the furnace; the multi-nozzle gasification furnace improves the coal type applicability and the coal conversion efficiency of the gasification furnace; in addition, through a plurality of protective measures such as the nozzle shield and the protective gas, the inner wall area of the middle liner with large heat load and high temperature in the gasification furnace is protected in a targeted manner, the burning risk is reduced, the operation cycle of the gasification furnace is prolonged, and the service life is prolonged.)

1. The utility model provides a multi-nozzle gasification furnace, its characterized in that, is in including shell and setting the inside inner bag of shell, the inner bag is including last inner bag, well inner bag and the lower inner bag that from top to bottom sets gradually, well inner bag is enclosed by a plurality of arc water cooling part that the structure is the same, all sets up the nozzle guard shield of horn mouth shape between the adjacent arc water cooling part, all wears to be equipped with in each nozzle guard shield and stretches into the side nozzle of inner bag, multi-nozzle gasification furnace still include with the nozzle angle adjusting device that the side nozzle is connected, it is used for adjusting in real time according to the furnace data the injection angle of side nozzle.

2. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a housing inlet is provided at a top of the housing; the top of the upper inner container is provided with an upper inner container inlet corresponding to the shell inlet; the multi-nozzle gasification furnace also comprises a top spray nozzle which penetrates through the shell inlet and the upper inner container inlet and extends into the inner container.

3. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle angle adjusting means comprises:

a clamp connected with the side spray nozzle;

the end surface of the first gear is connected with the clamp so as to drive the side spray nozzle to rotate;

the second gear is meshed with the first gear to drive the first gear to rotate; and the number of the first and second groups,

and the motor is connected with the second gear to drive the second gear to rotate.

4. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle angle adjusting device makes the axis of the side nozzle always tangent to the edge of an imaginary circle on a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of the inner container by adjusting the included angle between the axis of the nozzle shield and the axis of the side nozzle, so that the side nozzle forms a reasonable tangential flow field in the inner container.

5. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the upper inner container is a shell-and-tube water-cooled wall or a coil-tube water-cooled wall; the upper inner container consists of an upper inner container upper straight section, an upper inner container upper conical section, an upper inner container lower straight section and an upper inner container lower conical section which are coaxial with each other and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the lower inner liner is a tube type water-cooled wall or a coil tube type water-cooled wall; the lower inner container consists of a lower inner container upper conical section, a lower inner container upper straight section, a lower inner container lower conical section and a lower inner container lower straight section which are coaxial with each other and sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

6. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a metal hose is sleeved on a pipe wall of the side spray nozzle, two ends of the metal hose are respectively connected with the side spray nozzle and the nozzle shield through flanges, an annular gap is formed between the metal hose and the pipe wall of the side spray nozzle, and a protective gas with pressure 0.01-0.3 MPa higher than the pressure in the furnace is introduced into the annular gap.

7. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the material fed through the top-spray nozzle is a carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material comprising: one or more of waste liquid, oil sludge, filter cake, coarse coal slag, fine coal slag, fly ash, petroleum coke, solid waste, gas waste, pulverized coal, coal water slurry and biomass.

8. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: spraying a flow field adjusting gas through the top spray nozzle, wherein the flow field adjusting gas comprises: one or more of water, water vapor, oxygen, air, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide.

9. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the top spray nozzle can be an ignition nozzle and a start-up nozzle.

10. The multi-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: a manhole, an access hole and a monitoring hole are arranged at the top of the multi-nozzle gasification furnace.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of coal gasification equipment, in particular to a multi-nozzle gasification furnace.

Background

Coal gasification furnaces are the main equipment used in coal gasification technology, and convert coal, coke, semi-coke and other fuels into gas products and a small amount of residues by reacting with a gasification agent under high-temperature normal-pressure or pressurized conditions. At present, the conventional single-nozzle and multi-nozzle overhead gasifiers are limited in size by the limitation of high top temperature. The gasification furnace adopting the side-spraying of the nozzle is easy to burn due to large thermal load and high temperature at the arrangement position of the nozzle; coal types on a gasification site change occasionally, and when the coal types change, unreasonable flow field distribution is easily caused, so that the coal conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, the above problems are all urgently to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-nozzle gasification furnace, which has the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a multi-nozzle gasification furnace, includes the shell and sets up the inside inner bag of shell, the inner bag is including last inner bag, well inner bag and the lower inner bag that from top to bottom sets gradually, well inner bag is enclosed by a plurality of arc water-cooling parts that the structure is the same, all sets up the nozzle guard shield of horn mouth shape between the adjacent arc water-cooling part, all wears to be equipped with in each nozzle guard shield and stretches into the side nozzle of inner bag, multi-nozzle gasification furnace still include with the nozzle angle adjusting device that the side nozzle is connected, it is used for adjusting in real time according to the data in the stove the injection angle of side nozzle.

Preferably, the top of the shell is provided with a shell inlet; the top of the upper inner container is provided with an upper inner container inlet corresponding to the shell inlet; the multi-nozzle gasification furnace also comprises a top spray nozzle which penetrates through the shell inlet and the upper inner container inlet and extends into the inner container.

Preferably, the nozzle angle adjusting device includes:

a clamp connected with the side spray nozzle;

the end surface of the first gear is connected with the clamp so as to drive the side spray nozzle to rotate;

the second gear is meshed with the first gear to drive the first gear to rotate; and

and the motor is connected with the second gear to drive the second gear to rotate.

Preferably, the nozzle angle adjusting device adjusts an included angle between the axis of the nozzle shield and the axis of the side spray nozzle, so that the axis of the side spray nozzle is always tangent to the edge of a virtual circle on a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of the inner container, and the side spray nozzle forms a reasonable tangential flow field in the inner container.

Preferably, the upper inner container is a tube type water-cooled wall or a coil tube type water-cooled wall; the upper inner container consists of an upper inner container upper straight section, an upper inner container upper conical section, an upper inner container lower straight section and an upper inner container lower conical section which are coaxial with each other and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the lower inner liner is a tube type water-cooled wall or a coil tube type water-cooled wall; the lower inner container consists of a lower inner container upper conical section, a lower inner container upper straight section, a lower inner container lower conical section and a lower inner container lower straight section which are coaxial with each other and sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

Preferably, a metal hose is sleeved on the pipe wall of the side spray nozzle, two ends of the metal hose are respectively connected with the side spray nozzle and the nozzle shield through flanges, an annular gap is formed between the metal hose and the pipe wall of the side spray nozzle, and protective gas with pressure 0.01-0.3 MPa higher than the pressure in the furnace is introduced into the annular gap.

Preferably, the material added through the top spray nozzle is a carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material comprises: one or more of waste liquid, oil sludge, filter cake, coarse coal slag, fine coal slag, fly ash, petroleum coke, solid waste, gas waste, pulverized coal, coal water slurry and biomass.

Preferably, a flow field conditioning gas is injected through the top injection nozzle, the flow field conditioning gas comprising: one or more of water, water vapor, oxygen, air, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide.

Preferably, the top-spraying nozzle can be an ignition nozzle and a start-up nozzle.

Preferably, a manhole, a service hole and a monitoring hole are arranged at the top of the multi-nozzle gasification furnace.

Compared with the prior art, the multi-nozzle gasification furnace can adjust the injection angle of the side injection nozzle in real time by arranging the nozzle angle adjusting device, thereby improving the applicability of the gasification furnace for gasifying coal types, and simultaneously improving the coal conversion efficiency by adjusting the injection angle of the side injection nozzle; in addition, through various protective measures such as a nozzle shield, protective gas and the like, the inner wall area of the middle liner with large heat load and high temperature in the gasification furnace is subjected to targeted protection, the burning risk is reduced, the operation cycle of the gasification furnace is prolonged, and the service life is prolonged; in addition, the middle inner container is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped water cooling parts, so that the replacement is convenient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a side-spraying nozzle and a gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of a nozzle angle adjustment device according to an embodiment of the invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-shell 11-shell inlet 2-inner container 21-upper inner container 211-upper inner container upper straight section 212-upper inner container upper conical section 213-upper inner container lower straight section 214-upper inner container lower conical section 22-inner container 221-arc water cooling part 222-inner container vertical axis 223-water inlet 224-water outlet 225-corrugated pipe 226-air inlet 23-lower inner container 231-lower inner container upper conical section 232-lower inner container upper straight section 233-lower inner container lower conical section 234-lower inner container lower straight section 24-upper inner container inlet 3-nozzle shield 31-cooling water inlet 32-cooling water outlet 33-protective gas inlet 4-top spray nozzle 5-side spray nozzle 61-side spray nozzle axis 62-nozzle shield axis 7-nozzle angle adjusting device 71-clamp 72-first gear 73-second gear 74-electric power Machine 8-metal hose 81-annulus.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein the cross-sectional views illustrating the structure of the device are not enlarged partially in general scale for convenience of illustration, and the drawings are only exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.

Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the present embodiment provides a multi-nozzle gasification furnace, including a housing 1 and an inner container 2 disposed inside the housing 1, the inner container 2 is coaxial with the housing 1, the inner container 2 includes an upper inner container 21, a middle inner container 22 and a lower inner container 23 sequentially disposed from top to bottom, the middle inner container 22 is enclosed by a plurality of arc water-cooling components 221 having the same structure, a nozzle shield 3 having a bell mouth shape is disposed between adjacent arc water-cooling components 221, a side-spraying nozzle 5 extending into the inner container 2 is disposed in each nozzle shield 3 in a penetrating manner, and the multi-nozzle gasification furnace further includes a nozzle angle adjusting device 7 connected to the side-spraying nozzle 5, and is configured to adjust an spraying angle of the side-spraying nozzle 5 in real time according to data in the furnace.

In this embodiment, the inner container 22 is surrounded by four quarter arc water cooling components 221, one nozzle shield 3 is disposed between adjacent arc water cooling components 221, four nozzle shields 3 are disposed, and a side spray nozzle 5 extending into the inner container 2 is disposed in each nozzle shield 3, in other embodiments, a structure having three side spray nozzles 5 or more than four side spray nozzles 5 may be disposed, and the specific structure is different from the structure having four side spray nozzles 5 only in the arc shapes and the number of the arc water cooling components 221, and the number of the nozzle shields 3 and the number of the side spray nozzles 5 are different, which is not repeated herein. Specifically, the arc-shaped water cooling part 221 is one of a serpentine water cooling wall, a tubular water cooling wall and a water cooling jacket.

In this embodiment, the middle inner container 22 is formed by surrounding a plurality of arc-shaped water-cooling parts 221, which is convenient for taking out and putting in the middle inner container 22, for example, when one of the arc-shaped water-cooling parts 221 is damaged, the arc-shaped water-cooling part 221 can be directly taken out from the furnace body without taking off the upper inner container 21, which is convenient for replacement and maintenance; in addition, because the inner wall of the middle inner container 22 has large heat load, high temperature and easy burning loss, the nozzle shield 3 adopts the nozzle shield 3 with the design of heat exchange enhancement, thereby protecting the side-spraying nozzle 5 and the middle inner container 22 and prolonging the service life of the gasification furnace.

Specifically, the top of the shell 1 is provided with a shell inlet 11; the top of the upper inner container 21 is provided with an upper inner container inlet 24 corresponding to the shell inlet 11; the multi-nozzle gasification furnace also comprises a top spray nozzle 4 which penetrates through the shell inlet 11 and the upper liner inlet 24 and extends into the inner liner 2, and the top spray nozzle 4 sprays into the inner liner from the top of the gasification furnace.

Further, the upper inner container 21 is a tube type water-cooled wall or a coil tube type water-cooled wall; the upper liner 21 comprises an upper liner upper straight section 211, an upper liner upper conical section 212, an upper liner lower straight section 213 and an upper liner lower conical section 214 which are coaxial with each other and are arranged from top to bottom in sequence; the lower inner container 23 is a tube type water-cooled wall or a coil tube type water-cooled wall; the lower liner 23 is composed of a lower liner upper conical section 231, a lower liner upper straight section 232, a lower liner lower conical section 233 and a lower liner lower straight section 234 which are coaxial with each other and are arranged from top to bottom in sequence.

Through the structure, the upper inner container 21, the middle inner container 22 and the lower inner container 23 jointly define a gasification chamber for carrying out coal gasification operation on materials entering the gasification chamber.

Further, referring to fig. 4, the nozzle angle adjusting device 7 includes a clamp 71, a first gear 72, a second gear 73 and a motor 74, wherein the clamp 71 is connected to, specifically, clamped with the side spray nozzle 5, an end surface of the first gear 72 is connected to the clamp 71 to drive the side spray nozzle 5 to rotate, and the second gear 73 is engaged with the first gear 72 to drive the first gear 72 to rotate; the motor 74 is connected to the second gear 73 to rotate the second gear 73. Specifically, referring to fig. 4, in this embodiment, the fixture 71 is fixed to one side end face of the first gear 72, the first gear 72 is a large-size gear with a large number of teeth, the second gear 73 is a small-size gear with a small number of teeth, specifically, the second gear 73 is sleeved on an output shaft of the motor 74, and with such a structure, the motor 74 can drive the second gear 73 to rotate, so as to drive the fixture 71 fixed to the first gear 72 and drive the side spray nozzles 5 to rotate, so as to adjust the injection angle of the side spray nozzles 5, specifically, when different coal types are used in the gasification furnace, the required injection angles are different, so that a suitable flow field can be formed by adjusting the injection angle of the side spray nozzles 5, thereby improving gasification efficiency and realizing long-cycle operation; for example, for low-ash coal with poor reactivity, the injection angle can be adjusted to be larger, preferably 4.5-20 degrees, so as to form a strong cyclone field, protect the liner 2 by ash wall hanging, increase the retention time of materials and improve the carbon conversion efficiency; for the same gasification furnace, if the operation of the gasification furnace needs to be replaced by coal with high ash content and good reactivity, the injection angle can be adjusted to be small, preferably 0-10 degrees, so that materials tend to concentrate in the center of the gasification chamber, the temperature near the wall surface of the inner container 2 is relatively low, the impact abrasion of ash slag on the inner container 2 of the gasification chamber is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Specifically, the nozzle angle adjusting device 7 takes 0.5 degrees as the minimum adjusting angle when adjusting the injection angle of the side injection nozzle 5, and a sensor for monitoring various data in the gasifier is arranged in the gasifier, and the specific real-time monitoring data includes coal quantity (t/h), oxygen quantity (Nm)³H), steam amount (t/h), effective gas yield(Nm³/h)、CO％、H₂％、CO₂％、CH₄ppm and the like, in addition, sampling the coal as fired and performing off-line measurement on the components of the coal as fired, wherein the measured data comprises water content Mwt% of the coal as fired, ash content Awt% of the coal as fired, carbon Cwt% of the coal as fired, hydrogen Hwt% of the coal as fired, oxygen Owt% of the coal as fired, sulfur Swt% of the coal as fired, nitrogen Nwt% of the coal as fired and the like; specifically, when the injection angle of the side injection nozzle 5 is adjusted by the nozzle angle adjusting device 7, a certain angle is firstly adopted for injection, and after the environment in the furnace is stable, the carbon conversion rate and the effective gas content (CO% + H) are measured and calculated₂%) and taking the carbon conversion rate of more than 98% and the effective gas content of more than 90% as adjusting targets, further adjusting the injection angle of the side injection nozzle 5, and re-measuring the data in the furnace after the angle adjustment to finally achieve the required adjusting target, specifically referring to table 1.

Table 1: gasification parameter table

Parameter(s)	Computing/monitoring	Top spraying only	Side-only spraying	Top and side spraying	Coal A3 °	Coal B3 °	Coal B5 °
								Moisture content Mwt of coal charged into furnace％	Off-line measurement	2	2	2	2	2	2
Ash content Awt% of coal fed into furnace	Off-line measurement	14	14	14	14	10	10
								Carbon in the furnace Cwt%	Off-line measurement	69	69	69	69	75	75
Hwt percent of coal as fired hydrogen	Off-line measurement	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5
								Owt percent of coal oxygen entering the furnace	Off-line measurement	9.3	9.3	9.3	9.3	8.5	8.5
Swt percent of coal sulfur entering the furnace	Off-line measurement	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	1	1
								Nwt% of furnace coal nitrogen	Off-line measurement	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1	1
Coal amount t/h	Real-time measurement	89	89	89	89	84	84
								Oxygen quantity Nm3/h	Real-time measurement	47500	47500	47500	47500	49300	49300
Steam amount t/h	Real-time measurement	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.2	6.2
								Effective gas yield Nm3/h	Real-time measurement	153600	151500	156000	156000	150500	157000
CO％	Real-time measurement	65.1	64.5	66.1	66.1	64.8	69
								H2％	Real-time measurement	26.1	26.3	25.9	25.9	24	24.1
CO2％	Real-time measurement	8.0	8.7	7.4	7.4	8.2	6.3
								CH4ppm	Real-time measurement	350	400	300	300	400	300
Carbon residue in filter cake%	Off-line measurement	13.6	18	6.5	6.5	30	9.5
								Carbon residue of coarse slag%	Off-line measurement	3	5	0.7	0.7	6	1
Carbon conversion%	Is calculated to obtain	97.7	96.9	99.1	99.1	96.2	99

Referring to Table 1, when the coal gasification process is carried out by top-spraying only, the carbon conversion can reach 97.7%, and the effective gas content (CO% + H)₂%) can reach 91.2%; when the coal gasification treatment is carried out by adopting a side-spraying mode, the carbon conversion rate can reach 96.6 percent, and the effective gas content (CO% + H)₂%) can reach 90.8%; when the coal gasification treatment is carried out by adopting a top spraying and side spraying mode, the carbon conversion rate can reach 99.1 percent, and the effective gas content (CO% + H)₂%) can reach 92%. In a gasification site, coal types need to be replaced frequently due to raw material coal supply, coal price fluctuation and the like, but in order to not affect production and reduce equipment replacement cost, a method for replacing gasification equipment by shutting down a furnace to adapt to the gasification performance of new coal types is generally not adopted, so that the gasification equipment needs to have the adjusting capability to adapt to the change of the coal types, and the nozzle angle adjusting device can well solve the problem. For example, when coal gasification is performed by using a side nozzle 5 injection angle of 3 ° for coal a, the carbon conversion rate is 99.1%, and the effective gas content is 92%; on site, due to the change of raw material coal supply, the type of coal B needs to be changed, when the same 3-degree injection angle is adopted to carry out coal gasification treatment on the coal B, the effective gas content is reduced to 88.8 percent, and the carbon is convertedThe rate is reduced to 96.2%; after the spraying angle of the 5-degree side-spraying nozzle 5 is finally adopted through multiple times of adjustment, the carbon conversion rate is increased to 99%, and the effective gas content is increased to 93.1%. When B coal is used, the jet angle is regulated from 3 deg. to 5 deg., and other conditions are not changed, so that the effective gas yield is raised from 150500 to 157000Nm³6500Nm of effective gas produced per hour³Calculated according to 1.2 yuan/Nm 3 effective qi, the monthly income is increased to 561.6 ten thousand yuan.

Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the nozzle angle adjusting device 7 adjusts an included angle between a nozzle shroud axis 62 of the nozzle shroud 3 and a side nozzle axis 61 of the side nozzle 5, so that the side nozzle axis 61 of the side nozzle 5 is always tangent to an edge of a virtual circle on a plane perpendicular to a liner vertical axis 222, which is shown in fig. 2, thereby enabling the side nozzle 5 to form a reasonable tangential flow field in the liner 2. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the size of the virtual circle is as shown in fig. 2, the position of the virtual circle is located at the geometric center of the middle bladder 22 and in the plane perpendicular to the vertical axis 222 of the middle bladder, and in other embodiments, the position of the virtual circle may not be located at the geometric center of the middle bladder 22, for example, slightly above or slightly below.

Further, referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic view of a connection structure of a side-spraying nozzle and a gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically, the side-spraying nozzle 5, the metal hose 8 and the nozzle shield 3 are connected by a flange; referring to the right side of fig. 3, a metal hose 8 is sleeved outside the pipe wall of the side spray nozzle 5, two ends of the metal hose 8 are respectively connected with the side spray nozzle 5 and the nozzle shield 3 through flanges, an annular gap 81 is formed between the metal hose 8 and the pipe wall of the side spray nozzle 5, a shielding gas with pressure 0.01MPa-0.3MPa higher than the pressure in the furnace is introduced into the annular gap 81, and specifically, the shielding gas is introduced into the annular gap 81 from a shielding gas inlet 33 arranged on the flange; by the arrangement, the side spray nozzle 5 can be protected from being damaged during gasification operation, and the service life of the side spray nozzle 5 is prolonged; meanwhile, the metal hose 8 is flexible, so that the angle of the side spray nozzle 5 can be adjusted more conveniently by the nozzle angle adjusting device 7. With reference to fig. 3, the bell mouth end of the nozzle guard 3 extends into the inner container of the gasification furnace, and the other end of the nozzle guard 3 is located outside the gasification furnace and is provided with a cooling water inlet 31 and a cooling water outlet 32, so as to form a water cooling circulation for the nozzle guard 3 and avoid high-temperature burning loss of the nozzle guard 3. With continued reference to fig. 3, the water inlet 223 and the water outlet 224 of the water-cooling component of the inner container in this embodiment are both connected by flanges and mounted on the mounting holes provided on the outer shell 1, so as to supply water from the outside of the gasification furnace to the inner container 22. With continued reference to fig. 3, in order to prevent the high-temperature gas from entering between the middle inner container 22 and the furnace shell 1, the upper end of the middle inner container 22 is hermetically connected with the lower conical section 214 of the upper inner container by welding I, and the lower end of the middle inner container 22 is hermetically connected with the upper conical section 231 of the lower inner container by welding II. Because the inner container 22 will expand to a certain extent when heated, the bellows 225 is disposed on the wall of the inner container 22 for absorbing the pressure generated by the inner container 22 when heated. With continued reference to fig. 3, the inner container 22 and the nozzle shield 3 are not in direct contact, but there is a certain annular space between them, and the annular space can also be filled with a protective gas under a certain pressure to prevent the gas flow from flowing into the annular space during the coal gasification process, specifically, the protective gas is filled from an air inlet hole provided on a flange in contact with the annular space, in this embodiment, the air inlet hole is an air inlet hole 226.

Further, the material added through the top spray nozzle 4 is a carbon-containing substance, and optionally comprises a gasification agent; the carbonaceous material may be one or more of waste liquid, oil sludge, filter cake, coarse coal slag, fine coal slag, fly ash, petroleum coke, solid waste, gas waste, pulverized coal, coal water slurry, biomass, etc. Wherein, spout the discarded object through top spray nozzle 4, on the one hand can economic environmental protection's processing discarded object, on the other hand can change the flow field, prevents gasifier top overtemperature.

Further, a flow field regulating gas is sprayed through the top spray nozzle 4, and the flow field regulating gas may be one or more of the following substances, specifically including water, water vapor, oxygen, air, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, synthesis gas and the like.

Through the structure, the top spray nozzle 4 and the side spray nozzle 5 are combined, the material type and proportion of the top spray nozzle 4 are utilized to further adjust the flow field, a reasonable temperature field is formed, material mixing is enhanced, and the coal conversion efficiency and the coal type adaptability of the gasification furnace are improved.

Further, the top-spray nozzle 4 may be an ignition nozzle and a start-up nozzle.

Furthermore, a manhole, an access hole and a monitoring hole are arranged at the top of the multi-nozzle gasification furnace.

The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.