Anti-seismic device
阅读说明:本技术 抗震装置 (Anti-seismic device ) 是由 G·奥森达 于 2019-02-05 设计创作,主要内容包括:提供一种用于相对于地面(3)使结构(2)隔震的抗震装置(1),其包括:第一支撑件(4),其限定可整体地连接到上部的第一支撑平面(4a),并且包括限定第一恒定往复距离(d’)的至少两个第一铰链(40);第二支撑件(5),其限定第二支撑平面(5a),并且包括限定第二恒定往复距离(d”)的至少两个第二铰链(50);第三支撑件(6),其限定可整体地连接至下部的第三支撑平面(6a),并且包括限定第三恒定往复距离(d”’)的至少两个第三铰链(60);以及连接装置(7),其限定垂直于所述第三支撑平面(6a)的连接平面(7a),并且包括至少两个第一刚性杆(70),每个限定第一不可变形连接方向(70a),以及两个第二刚性杆(71),每个限定第二不可变形连接方向(71a),其中所述第一杆(70)被瞬时地约束到第一铰链(40)和第二铰链(50),使得所述第一杆(70)的所述第一连接方向(70a)在所述连接平面(7a)中交叉,以及其中所述第二杆(71)各自被瞬时地约束到第二铰链(50)和第三铰链(60),使得所述第二杆(71)的所述第二连接方向(71a)在所述连接平面(7a)中交叉。(An anti-seismic device (1) for seismic isolation of a structure (2) with respect to a ground (3) is provided, comprising: a first support (4) defining a first support plane (4a) integrally connectable to the upper portion and comprising at least two first hinges (40) defining a first constant reciprocal distance (d'); a second support (5) defining a second support plane (5a) and comprising at least two second hinges (50) defining a second constant reciprocal distance (d "); a third support (6) defining a third support plane (6a) integrally connectable to the lower part and comprising at least two third hinges (60) defining a third constant reciprocal distance (d' "); and-connection means (7) defining a connection plane (7a) perpendicular to said third support plane (6a) and comprising at least two first rigid bars (70), each defining a first non-deformable connection direction (70a), and two second rigid bars (71), each defining a second non-deformable connection direction (71a), wherein said first bars (70) are instantaneously constrained to a first hinge (40) and to a second hinge (50) so that said first connection directions (70a) of said first bars (70) intersect in said connection plane (7a), and wherein said second bars (71) are instantaneously constrained to a second hinge (50) and to a third hinge (60) respectively so that said second connection directions (71a) of said second bars (71) intersect in said connection plane (7 a).)
1. An anti-seismic device (1) for seismic isolation of a structure (2) with respect to a ground (3), characterized by comprising:
-a first support (4) defining a first support plane (4a) that is integrally connectable to an upper portion, such as the structure (2), and comprising at least two first hinges (40) defining a first constant reciprocal distance (d');
-a second support (5) defining a second support plane (5a) and comprising at least two second hinges (50) defining a second constant reciprocal distance (d ");
-a third support (6) defining a third support plane (6a) that can be integrally connected to a lower part, for example the ground (3), and comprising at least two third hinges (60) defining a third constant reciprocal distance (d' "); and
-connection means (7) defining a connection plane (7a) perpendicular to said third support plane (6a) and comprising at least:
-two first rigid bars (70), each defining a first non-deformable connection direction (70a) and adapted to constrain said first support (4) and said second support (5), and
-two second rigid bars (71), each defining a second non-deformable connection direction (71a) and adapted to constrain said second support (5) and said third support (6),
-said first bars (70) are each instantaneously constrained to one of said first hinges (40) and to one of said second hinges (50) so that said first connection directions (70a) of said first bars (70) intersect in said connection plane (7a), and
-said second bars (71) are each instantaneously constrained to one of said second hinges (50) and to one of said third hinges (60) so that said second connection directions (71a) of said second bars (71) are crossed in said connection plane (7 a).
2. The device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first distance (d ') and the third distance (d' ") are equal and the second distance (d") is smaller than the first and third distances (d ', d' ").
3. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second distance (d ") is at least 3% smaller than the third distance (d'").
4. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said supports (4, 5, 6) and said connection means (7) define at least two superimposed "chebyshev guides".
5. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of pairs of said first and second bars (70, 71) parallel to each other along parallel and spaced apart connection planes (7 a).
6. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said supports (4, 5, 6) each comprise at least one support bar (41, 51, 61) respectively adapted to rigidly connect said hinges (40, 50, 60).
7. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said supports (4, 5, 6) each comprise at least one support plate (42, 52, 62) respectively coplanar with said support plane (4a, 5a, 6a) and respectively adapted to rigidly connect said hinge (40, 50, 60).
8. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising two pairs of two second hinges (50).
9. An anti-seismic foundation of a structure (2), comprising a device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and at least a portion of said structure (2), said structure (2) being a building-type structure.
10. An anti-seismic foundation according to the preceding claim, comprising a plurality of said devices (1), wherein said respective third support planes (6a) are all coplanar.
11. An anti-seismic foundation according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of said devices (1), wherein said devices (1) are arranged in succession overlapping, one of said third support planes (6a) being integral with the lower portion, one of said first support planes (4a) being integral with the upper portion, said other first (4a) and third (6a) support planes being integral with each other, and each of said devices (1) defining at least one of said connection planes (7a) which is inclined with respect to said connection plane (7a) of said other device (1), so as to allow said foundation to absorb a plurality of seismic stresses (x) in different directions along said connection plane (7 a).
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an anti-seismic device of the type specified in the preamble of the first claim.
In particular, the present invention relates to an anti-seismic joint suitable for absorbing the vibrations of structures and infrastructures of the building type, in order to stabilize said structures in the presence of seismic vibration phenomena.
Background
It is known that at present various anti-seismic solutions are used at the building level, these solutions also being subject to the regulations in force in each country.
For example, on a regular level, some buildings are characterized by a regular hyperstatic structure in plan and height, i.e. forming a compact and symmetrical plane, and in which all resistant vertical systems (such as frames and walls) extend over the entire height of the building.
In addition, the masonry elements include a metal core that allows the structure of the building to have a predetermined deformability before catastrophic collapse is reached.
Furthermore, national regulations generally state that a given elevated structure should employ a single type of foundation unless it is composed of separate units. In particular, the use of pile foundations or mixed foundations and face foundations simultaneously in the same structure must be avoided.
To ensure that the structure can resist seismic activity without significant damage, even relatively strong seismic isolators can be used.
They are located between the foundation and the elevation structure to decouple the seismic frequencies from those of the elevation structure and avoid resonance phenomena. With seismic isolators, the structure remains elastic even during severe earthquakes and retains the energy dissipating capacity provided by ductility.
One example of a seismic isolator is an LRB or lead rubber bearing with a lead core consisting of alternating layers of steel and elastomer connected by vulcanization, which can reduce horizontal displacement due to its high dissipation capacity.
The energy dissipation provided by the lead through its plasticization allows to obtain an equivalent viscous damping coefficient of up to about 30%.
Due to the high dissipation capacity, the horizontal displacement can be reduced compared to an isolation system with the same equivalent stiffness but smaller dissipation capacity.
These seismic isolators are typically circular but may also be made with a square cross-section, possibly with more than one lead.
They are used on buildings, bridges or other structures during construction or seismic adaptation. They ensure the safety of the structure and its contents.
Another type of isolator is provided by buckling-restrained axial-hysteresis dissipaters, e.g. of the type
Series (buckling restrained axial dampers).These isolators are non-linear seismic devices whose behavior is primarily dependent on displacement. They are particularly suitable for use as dissipative braces for earthquake resistance through energy dissipation, in particular for earthquake adaptation of steel frame buildings. Inserting these devices into the structural grid increases the dissipative capacity of the structure, thus significantly improving its response to earthquakes. Before the point at which yield is reached,dissipaters increase the stiffness of the structure, an effect which is particularly useful for complying with regulatory requirements that limit movement between layers to damage limit conditions (i.e. to allow structural breakage according to an effective safety margin).
The described prior art has several significant drawbacks.
In particular, the described system, in particular in the case of lead rubber bearings, is characterized by an extremely complex structure adapted to dissipate at least part of the deformation energy generated by seismic phenomena.
These structures are therefore very expensive in terms of cost and make it possible to solve the problem of seismic vibration management only in terms of damage tolerance, i.e. damage tolerance within the damage limit regime resulting from the phenomenon of deformation, sometimes even plastic.
Thus, systems of the previous type described are reactive and irreversible beyond certain seismic thresholds.
Indeed, all devices known from the prior art only play a role in the stiffness of the joint and the support structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In this case, the technical purpose of the present invention is to devise an anti-seismic device capable of substantially overcoming at least some of the drawbacks mentioned.
Within the scope of said technical task, an important object of the present invention is to obtain an anti-seismic device capable of isolating the ground of a building or supporting structure from the ground during, for example, seismic vibration activities, thus limiting the deformation of the device.
Another important object of the invention is to make an anti-seismic device capable of isolating the structure from the vibrations, without interfering only with the rigidity of the support joints of said structure.
In summary, another purpose of the present invention is to achieve an isolation device that is able to reduce the freedom of movement undergone by a structure supported by the ground with respect to the original reference system of said structure.
The technical and specific objects are achieved by an anti-seismic device as claimed in the appended
Preferred technical embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, in which:
fig. 1 shows a schematic model of a device according to the invention in a free state;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic model of an apparatus according to the invention subjected to seismic stress;
FIG. 3 is an example of embodiment of the device according to the invention in a free state;
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention subjected to seismic stress;
FIG. 5 shows an example of a foundation comprising two inventive devices arranged in a coplanar manner;
FIG. 6 shows an example of a foundation comprising four overlapping inventive devices;
figure 7a shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in a first configuration;
figure 7b shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in a second configuration; and
fig. 7c shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in a third configuration.
Detailed Description
In this document, measured values, shapes and geometric references (such as perpendicularity and parallelism) when used with words such as "about" or other similar terms such as "approximately" or "substantially" should be understood to be in addition to measurement errors or inaccuracies due to manufacturing and/or fabrication errors and, most importantly, to the slight deviations of the values, measured values, shapes or geometric references associated therewith. For example, the term, if associated with a value, preferably indicates a divergence of no more than 10% of the value.
In addition, when terms such as "first", "second", "upper", "lower", "primary", and "secondary" are used, they do not necessarily refer to an order, a priority relationship, or a relative position, but may simply be used to more clearly distinguish different components from each other.
Unless otherwise stated, the measurements and data given herein are to be considered as being obtained in the standard international atmospheric ICAO (ISO 2533).
With reference to the figures,
The
The structure 2 is preferably a building-type structure. Thus, it may be a building, such as a bridge or other type of infrastructure.
In addition, the term "structure" 2 is to be understood not only as an integral structure but also as a part of a structure.
The
In a third example, the
The floor 3 may be any type of bottom, preferably flat.
The surface 3 may be, for example, solid soil or a seabed.
Generally, the
The lower part may consist of the ground 3. However, it need not be the ground 3, but may be composed of others.
Similarly, the upper part may, but need not, consist of the structure 2.
As mentioned above, in practice, the
The structural terms of the
For example, the hinge may be made of a plurality of joints, just like a rod, which may be referred to as a rod, a beam or in this case suitable for connecting the hinge or other element with its own stiffness in terms of modeling.
The
The
Preferably, the
The
Thus, the first support plane 4a may consist of an interaction or constraint plane between the
In addition, the
The
Such first hinges 40 are further preferably spaced apart from each other to define a first distance d'.
The first distance d' is preferably defined along the first support plane 4 a.
In addition, it is preferably constant, so that the
Preferably, the
The
The term "lower" as well as the term "upper" used previously are defined with reference to the ground 3 along a vertical direction, for example defined by the acceleration of gravity.
Thus, the third support plane 6a may consist of an interaction or constraint plane between the
Furthermore, the
Also, the
Such third hinges 60 are further preferably spaced apart from each other to define a third distance d' ".
The third distance d' "is preferably defined along the third support plane 6 a.
Furthermore, it is preferably constant, so that the
Further, preferably, the distance d '"is equal to the first distance d'. Alternatively, in the example of fig. 7a-7c, the first distance d 'is greater than the third distance d' ", preferably by a percentage in the range of 18% to 25%, more preferably in the range of 21% to 23%.
Preferably, the
The
Therefore, the first support plane 5a is comprised between the first support plane 4a and the third support plane 6 a.
In addition, the
The second hinge 50 is preferably made of a mechanical joint that allows the instantaneous connection of other elements, like the other hinges. Such mechanical joints may be bolts adapted to preferably allow only a certain degree of transient of other elements, in particular rotation about the hinge.
Further, such second hinges 50 are preferably spaced apart from each other to define a second distance d ". Preferably, in the example of fig. 7a-7c, the
The second distance d "is preferably defined along the second support plane 5 a. Furthermore, it is preferably constant, so that the
Preferably, the second distance d "the first and third distances d 'and d'" are not equal but smaller than them.
For example, the second distance d "may be at least 3% less, more suitably 5% less, than the third distance d'".
Alternatively, in the example of FIGS. 7a-7c, the second lower distance d1"less than said first and said third distance d ' and d '", less than the first distance d ' is preferably a percentage in the range of 40% to 50%, and more preferably in the range of 44% to 48%. Furthermore, the second upper distance d is compared to the third distance d' ″2"greater than said first and said third distances d ' and d '", greater than the third distance d ' "is preferably a percentage between 9% and 15% and more preferably between 11 and 13%.
The
The connecting means 7 are preferably adapted to connect the
They preferably define a
The connecting means 7 comprise at least two
The
The first coupling direction 70a corresponds to the main extension of the
The first connection direction 70a is also non-deformable.
Preferably, the
More specifically, the two
In the example of fig. 7a-7c, the
Also, preferably, the
The second connection direction 71a corresponds to the main extension of the
The second connection direction 71a is also non-deformable.
Preferably, the
More specifically, the two
In the example of fig. 7a-7c, the
The
The
These structures are given by the
In the example of fig. 7a-7c, the distance between the
These structures are also substantially similar to the articulated quadrilateral or "chebyshev guide" used in the "straight" section when the side bars are crossed.
As already mentioned, the
In the free state, the
In the stressed state, the
For example, a displacement x is provided along the third support plane 6a and parallel to the
In detail, the
Structurally, the
These first and
In addition, the
For example, the
In this configuration, the support rods 41, 51, 61 are preferably rigidly connected to the
This configuration can be used for a
In particular, the
In this case, the
Alternatively, the
In detail, the
The support plates are preferably coplanar with the support planes 4a, 5a, 6a, respectively, and are adapted to be connected to the
Preferably, as already mentioned, the
In this case, the seismic ground comprises at least one
The
The foundation comprising the
They may comprise a single or a plurality of
For example, the foundation may comprise a plurality of
Furthermore, all the first support planes 4a are preferably also coplanar.
Such a configuration is shown, for example, in fig. 5.
In addition, the earthquake-resistant foundation may comprise a plurality of
In addition, preferably the
For example, preferably, the foundation may comprise four
In this way a foundation is created that can absorb seismic stresses from the ground 3, with displacements of x-in four different directions.
Even two overlapping
The function of the
When in the free state, all the support planes 4a, 5a, 6a are parallel to each other and the
When the
When the
Similarly, the
If the first support plane 4a and the third support plane 6a are integrally constrained to an upper portion and a lower portion, respectively, characterized by a sufficient value of moment of inertia, the limits of which are easily detectable according to the dimensions of the
In this case, the support planes 4a, 6a remain parallel, and only the second support plane 5a is tilted together with the
However, for low intensity or low amplitude vibrational stresses, the latter motion is extremely limited and negligible.
The
The
In fact, the
The
In fact, with regard to the dimensions and the conformation of the
This absorption takes place in a completely stable manner, since the
In summary, the
Changes may be made to the invention as described herein without, however, departing from the scope of the inventive concept as defined in the accompanying claims.
For example, the
Examples of embodiments of this type are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Preferably, such elastic element may be a common spring and the damper may be of the hydraulic type, and a configuration may be provided in which, for example, the
These may be of the passive or active type. The
All the details may be replaced with equivalent elements within the scope, and the materials, shapes and dimensions may be as required.
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