阅读说明：本技术 一种具有柔性表面的马铃薯仿生挖掘铲 (Bionic potato digging shovel with flexible surface ) 是由 马云海 禹江涛 包健伦 刘炫廷 吴千 王硕 齐红岩 刘玉成 王慧鑫 吴思阳 王虎 于 2020-08-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种具有柔性表面的马铃薯仿生挖掘铲,属农业机械技术领域,是由入土段、升土段和安装段组成,每段之间光滑连接,入土段为对称的五边形平面结构；升土段为仿生曲面结构；安装段为矩形平面,该部分加工有四个螺栓沉头孔；入土段尾端、升土段全部、安装段前部的正面安装有弹性钢片；为充分发挥挖掘铲的工作性能,以安装段平面为基准,挖掘铲的安装角应处于26～31°范围内。本发明可有效降低马铃薯收获过程中挖掘铲工作阻力大、土壤黏附严重等不良影响,从而提高马铃薯收获机械的工作性能以及马铃薯的收获效果。(The invention discloses a bionic potato digging shovel with a flexible surface, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and consists of an earth entering section, an earth lifting section and an installation section, wherein all the sections are smoothly connected, and the earth entering section is of a symmetrical pentagonal plane structure; the soil lifting section is of a bionic curved surface structure; the mounting section is a rectangular plane, and four bolt countersunk holes are machined in the mounting section; elastic steel sheets are arranged on the tail end of the soil entering section, the whole soil lifting section and the front surface of the front part of the mounting section; in order to fully exert the working performance of the digging shovel, the installation angle of the digging shovel is in the range of 26-31 degrees by taking the plane of the installation section as a reference. The invention can effectively reduce the adverse effects of large working resistance, serious soil adhesion and the like of the digging shovel in the potato harvesting process, thereby improving the working performance of the potato harvesting machine and the potato harvesting effect.)

1. The utility model provides a bionical digger blade of potato with flexible surface which characterized in that: the digging shovel is divided into an earth entering section (A), an earth lifting section (B) and an installation section (C), and the earth entering section (A), the earth lifting section (B) and the installation section (C) are all symmetrical structures about an upper central line (ah) of the digging shovel; the width W of the soil entering section (A), the soil lifting section (B) and the mounting section (C) is 140-160mm, and the thickness (H) is 8-10 mm; the soil entering section (A) is a pentagon which is symmetrical about a central line (ah), the distance L1 from the tip (a) to a second boundary line (d) of the soil entering section (A) and the soil lifting section (B) is 90-100mm, and the included angle alpha between two oblique sides is 100-120 degrees; the cutting edge angle beta of the cutting edges on the two bevel edges is 20-25 degrees, and the thickness H1 between the bottom edge of the cutting edge and the back surface of the digging shovel accounts for 1/5 of the total thickness H of the digging shovel; the soil lifting section (B) is of a bionic curved surface structure; the length L4 of the mounting section (C) is 90-100mm, and the part is provided with 4 counter bores (g) which are symmetrically arranged about the upper midline (ah) of the digging shovel, wherein the transverse spacing L5 of the counter bores is 70-80mm, the longitudinal spacing L6 is 45-50mm, and the distance L7 between the two rear counter bores and the tail end of the mounting section (C) is 22-26 mm; the excavating shovel starts from a first boundary line (b) at the tail end of the soil entering section, comprises all soil lifting sections, a groove is formed in the front face of a fourth boundary line f at the front part of the mounting section, a first pan head screw group (j) is mounted in the center of the groove, and after an elastic steel sheet (D) is mounted, the periphery of a large bolt is fastened through 8 second pan head screw groups (c); the installation angle gamma of the digging shovel on the potato harvester is 26-31 degrees by taking the plane of the installation section as a reference.

2. A potato bionic digging shovel with a flexible surface according to claim 1 wherein: an equation of a bionic curve G of the soil lifting section (B):

y＝-0.00000053232·x⁴+0.00003184·x³+0.013472·x²-3.026·x

wherein: x is more than or equal to 10mm and less than or equal to 60 mm.

3. A potato bionic digging shovel with a flexible surface according to claim 1 wherein: the depth of the groove and the thickness of the elastic steel sheet (D) are both 0.5 mm; the distance L2 between the first and second dividing lines (b, d) and the distance L3 between the fourth and third dividing lines f, e are both 10-12 mm; the thread specification of the first disc head screw group (j) is M10; the thread specification of the second pan head screw group (c) is M5.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a bionic potato digging shovel with a flexible surface.

Background

The main function of the digger blade is to scoop up and transfer the potato soil mixture to a subsequent transport and separation device, which, as a key component of the potato harvesting machine, directly affects the harvesting effect of the potatoes and the working performance of the potato harvester. Relevant data show that the highest power consumption of the digging shovel can reach more than 27% of the whole power consumption of the potato harvester, and the existing potato digging shovel mainly adopts various plane shovels and generally has the problems of large digging resistance, serious soil adhesion, easy abrasion and the like. Therefore, the digging shovel with small digging resistance, less soil adhesion and wear resistance is designed, which has high necessity for improving the working performance of the potato harvester and ensuring the harvesting quality of the potatoes, and can reduce the production cost of the potatoes to a certain extent.

In recent years, various soil cultivation parts developed by using a bionic method have excellent effects in the aspects of resistance reduction, viscosity reduction, wear resistance and the like. The mountain mouse lives in a humid forest, has excellent soil drilling and punching capabilities in humid soil, and has extremely excellent incising capabilities of incisors; when the mountain rat shuttles in the soil, the body surface of the mountain rat rarely adheres to the soil, which is related to factors such as the structure, the material and the like of the body surface of the mountain rat and is also greatly related to the flexible deformability of the body surface of the mountain rat. The structure and the phenomenon provide inspiration for the innovative design of the potato digging shovel in the aspects of drag reduction, viscosity reduction and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of large excavating resistance, serious soil adhesion, easy abrasion and the like of the existing potato excavating shovel, and provides a bionic excavating shovel based on the flexible deformation capacity of the teeth and the body surface of a kangaroo so as to reduce resistance and consumption and improve the performance of the potato excavating shovel.

The excavating shovel is divided into an earth entering section A, an earth lifting section B and an installation section C, the earth entering section A, the earth lifting section B and the installation section C are all symmetrical structures around an upper central line ah of the excavating shovel, the width W of the excavating shovel is 140-160mm, and the thickness H of the excavating shovel is 8-10 mm. The soil-entering section A is a pentagon symmetrical about a central line ah, the distance L1 from the tip a to a second boundary line d between the soil-entering section A and the soil-lifting section B is 90-100mm, the included angle alpha between two bevel edges is 100-120 degrees, the cutting edge angle beta of the cutting edges on the two bevel edges is 20-25 degrees, and the thickness H1 between the bottom edge of the cutting edge and the back surface of the digging shovel accounts for 1/5 of the total thickness H of the digging shovel.

The soil lifting section B is of a bionic curved surface structure, and the equation of a curved surface alignment line G is as follows:

y＝-0.00000053232·x⁴+0.00003184·x³+0.013472·x²-3.026·x

wherein: x is more than or equal to 10mm and less than or equal to 60 mm.

The length L4 of the mounting section C is 90-100mm, the part is provided with 4 counter bores g which are symmetrically arranged about the central line of ah on the digging shovel, the transverse distance L5 of the counter bores is 70-80mm, the longitudinal distance L6 is 45-50mm, and the distance L7 between the two rear counter bores and the tail end of the mounting section C is 22-26 mm.

The excavating shovel starts from a first boundary line b at the tail end of the soil entering section, comprises all soil lifting sections, a groove is formed in the front face of a fourth boundary line f at the front part of the mounting section, 1 first pan head screw group j is mounted in the center of the groove, and after an elastic steel sheet D is mounted, the periphery of a large bolt is fastened through 8 second pan head screw groups c; the depth of the groove and the thickness of the elastic steel sheet are both 0.5mm, the distance between the first boundary line b and the second boundary line d and the distance between the fourth boundary line f and the third boundary line e are both 10-12mm, the thread specification of the first disc head screw group j is M10, the thread specification of the second disc head screw group c is M5, and the screw groups comprise screws, nuts, flat washers and elastic washers.

And the installation angle gamma of the digging shovel on the potato harvester is 26-31 degrees by taking the plane of the installation section as a reference.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the included angle of 100-120 degrees of two cutting edges of the soil-entering section and the edge angle of 20-25 degrees of the cutting edges are obtained by optimization and test inspection after analyzing the structures of two lower teeth in the bamboo rat incisors, and the soil-entering and cutting resistance of the excavating shovel is favorably reduced; the bionic curved surface structure of the soil lifting section has the effects of reducing resistance and consumption; the elastic steel sheet on the shovel surface and the screw head part for fastening the elastic steel sheet are similar to biological non-smooth structures such as a flexible body surface and a convex hull, and the soil adhesion is favorably reduced, so that the digging resistance is reduced, the potato-soil separation effect is improved, the adverse effect of soil on the shovel surface abrasion can be reduced, and the service life of the digging shovel is prolonged.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bionic potato digging shovel.

Fig. 2 is a top view of a bionic potato digger blade.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the bionic potato digger blade taken along the direction E-E.

Fig. 4 is a schematic edge angle view of the cutting edge of the soil-entry segment designated by f in fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a counterbore distribution.

Detailed Description

As shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the potato digging shovel is divided into an earth entering section A, an earth lifting section B and an installation section C, wherein the earth entering section A, the earth lifting section B and the installation section C are all symmetrical structures around a central line ah on the digging shovel, the width W of the potato digging shovel is 140-160mm, and the thickness H of the potato digging shovel is 8-10 mm.

As shown in FIG. 2, the soil-entering section A is a pentagon symmetrical about the midline ah, the distance L1 from the tip a to the second boundary line d between the soil-entering section A and the soil-raising section B is 90-100mm, and the included angle alpha between the two oblique sides is 100-120 deg. As shown in FIG. 4, the cutting edge angle beta of the cutting edges on both hypotenuses is 20 to 25 degrees and the thickness H1 between the bottom edge of the cutting edge and the back surface of the shovel is 1/5 of the total thickness H of the shovel. The 120-degree included angle of the two cutting edges and the 25-30-degree edge angle of the cutting edges are obtained by optimization and experimental inspection after analyzing the structures of two lower teeth in the bamboo rat incisors, and the digging shovel is favorable for reducing the soil penetration and cutting resistance.

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the curved surface of the soil-lifting segment B is a bionic curved surface, and the equation of the curved surface alignment line G is:

y＝-0.00000053232·x⁴+0.00003184·x³+0.013472·x²-3.026·x

wherein: x is more than or equal to 10mm and less than or equal to 60mm, the curve equation takes the lower teeth of four incisors of the squirrel as a bionic prototype and is obtained by a reverse engineering technology, and the fitting degree is R²＝0.9994。

The bionic curved surface structure of the soil lifting section enables the front surface of the digging shovel to have the continuously-changing curvature, has the effects of reducing resistance and consumption, can reduce the extrusion effect on soil, is beneficial to the crushing of the soil, and can improve the potato-soil separation effect to a certain extent, thereby reducing the workload of a subsequent conveying and separating device of a potato harvesting machine.

As shown in figures 3 and 5, the length L4 of the mounting section C is 90-100mm, and the part is provided with 4 counter bores g which are symmetrically arranged about the centerline ah of the digging shovel, wherein the transverse spacing L5 of the counter bores is 70-80mm, the longitudinal spacing L6 is 45-50mm, and the distance L7 between the two rear counter bores and the tail end of the mounting section C is 22-26 mm. The spacing parameters L5, L6, L7 are determined in accordance with the actual situation on the premise of ensuring the connection strength of the shovel to the machine.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the excavating shovel starts from a first boundary line b at the tail end of the soil entering section, comprises all soil lifting sections, a groove is formed in the front surface of a fourth boundary line f at the front part of the mounting section, a first pan head screw group j is mounted in the center of the groove, and after an elastic steel sheet D is mounted, the periphery of a big bolt is fastened through 8 second pan head screw groups c; the depth of the groove and the thickness of the elastic steel sheet are both 0.5mm, the distance between the first boundary line b and the second boundary line d and the distance between the fourth boundary line f and the third boundary line e are both 10-12mm, the thread specification of the first disc head screw group j is M10, the thread specification of the second disc head screw group c is M5, and the screw groups comprise screws, nuts, flat washers and elastic washers. The elastic steel sheet should be made of 65Mn and other materials with better wear resistance, and the screw group can be replaced by steel rivets with the same type. When the elastic steel sheet is installed, the elastic steel sheet is not required to be pulled too tightly to limit the elastic deformation capacity of the elastic steel sheet, so that the viscosity reduction and desorption effects of the elastic steel sheet are influenced.

The elastic steel sheet on the shovel surface and the screw head part for fastening the elastic steel sheet are similar to biological non-smooth structures such as a flexible body surface and a convex hull, and the soil adhesion is favorably reduced, so that the digging resistance is reduced, the potato-soil separation effect is improved, the adverse effect of soil on the shovel surface abrasion can be reduced, and the service life of the digging shovel is prolonged.

As shown in FIG. 3, in order to keep the drag force during the operation of the shovel as low as possible, the mounting angle γ should be controlled to be as small as possible within a range of 26 to 31 degrees with respect to the mounting section.

The potato digger shovel can be used for processing an integral curved surface shape by adopting equipment or methods such as precision casting, machining centers, linear cutting and the like, and then processing other detailed structures by adopting proper procedures.