阅读说明：本技术 一种古琴及其制作工艺 (Guqin and manufacturing process thereof ) 是由 陈乃峰 于 2020-08-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种古琴及其制作工艺,其包括制作琴面板、制作琴底板；合琴；琴面处理；安装雁足、琴轸、绒扣；安装琴弦；测试；包装入库；根据上述工艺制作的古琴,其由琴面、琴腹和琴底组成,本发明与传统工艺相比,使用材质更加环保,油漆节省90％以上,鹿角霜灰胎等节约80％以上,人工成本节约90％以上,成品面底板在生产过程中密度可控,质量可控,声学特性可控、造型可控、外观颜色及纹理可控,从而生产效率、合格率提升30倍以上,其综合成本为原来10至30分之一,改善传统古琴生产效率低,成本过高,对原材料要求过于苛刻、对原材料浪费严重,破坏生态环境等不利因素。(The invention discloses a guqin and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the manufacturing process comprises the steps of manufacturing a qin panel and a qin bottom plate; closing the piano; treating the surface of the piano; installing goose feet, a music instrument tuner and a velvet button; mounting strings; testing; packaging and warehousing; compared with the traditional process, the seven-stringed plucked instrument is more environment-friendly in use material, more than 90% of paint is saved, more than 80% of cornu cervi degelatinatum gray tire and the like are saved, more than 90% of labor cost is saved, the density, the quality, the acoustic characteristic and the shape of a finished surface bottom plate are controllable in the production process, the appearance color and the texture are controllable, the production efficiency and the qualification rate are improved by more than 30 times, the comprehensive cost is 10-30 times of the original cost, the production efficiency of the traditional seven-stringed plucked instrument is improved, the cost is overhigh, the requirements on raw materials are too harsh, the waste of the raw materials is serious, adverse factors such as ecological environment damage and the like are improved.)

1. A process for manufacturing a seven-stringed plucked instrument comprises the steps of manufacturing a panel and a bottom plate; closing the piano; treating the surface of the piano; installing goose feet, a music instrument tuner and a velvet button; mounting strings; testing; packaging and warehousing;

the specific processing technology steps for manufacturing the piano panel and the piano bottom plate are as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting wood chips of fir or tung wood as raw materials for manufacturing a panel and a bottom plate of the musical instrument;

step two: crushing the raw materials selected in the previous step into wood dust particles;

step three: drying the wood dust particles crushed in the previous step to keep the water content of the wood dust particles at 3-12%;

step four: screening the sawdust particles dried in the previous step to screen out coarse sawdust and fine sawdust which meet the size requirement, wherein the length of the coarse sawdust is 5-15 mm; the width is 2-5 mm; the thickness is 1-5 mm; wherein the length of the fine wood chips is 1-10 mm; the width is 0.5-3 mm; the thickness is 0.15-0.3 mm;

step five: mixing the wood dust particles screened in the previous step with glue, wherein the glue application amount is 5-15% of the weight of the mixed wood dust particles;

step six: pre-pressing the sawdust particles mixed with the glue in the previous step into a plate blank by a plate pressing machine, wherein the compression measurement is 0.3-0.5, the pressure is 1.5-1.6Mpa, the pre-pressing time is 10-30s, and the resilience rate is 15-25%;

step seven: carrying out hot pressing treatment on the plate blank obtained in the previous step, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 120-;

step eight: naturally storing the plate blank subjected to the hot pressing treatment in an indoor environment for 5-8 days until the water content is kept at 8-12%;

step nine: bonding a veneer on the side surface and the periphery of the plate blank obtained in the previous step, and removing burrs to obtain a finished plate blank;

step ten: and polishing and painting the finished plate blank obtained in the previous step to obtain a finished piano panel or a piano base plate.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the wood shavings have a slenderness ratio of greater than 5-10; wherein, the slenderness ratio calculation formula of the flake wood shavings is S ═ L/T; the slenderness ratio S of the rod-shaped wood shavings is L/d; the length-width ratio of the wood chip shavings in the first step is more than 5; wherein, the length-width ratio calculation formula is J ═ L/W; the width-thickness ratio of the wood chip shavings in the first step is 1-2, wherein the width-thickness ratio is calculated as K ═ W/t; in the formula, L is the length of the wood wool, W is the width of the wood wool, d is the diameter of the wood wool, and t is the thickness of the wood wool.

3. The process for manufacturing a guqin according to claim 1, wherein the crushing treatment in the second step is performed in two steps, namely, a primary crushing treatment and a secondary crushing treatment, wherein the primary crushing treatment is performed by a chipping machine or a flaker, and the chipping machine is a general disc chipping machine or a general roller chipping machine; the flaker is a universal disc flaker or a drum flaker; the regrind treatment employs a general drum flaker and hammer regrind machine.

4. The guqin making process according to claim 1, wherein the drying treatment in the third step is natural drying or steam drying, wherein the natural drying spreads the wood chip particles in a flat manner and keeps the wood chip particles in a room for ventilation and natural drying; and (3) steam drying, namely drying the wood chip particles by means of a steam boiler, a feeder, an airflow drying pipe, a cyclone separator and a fan, continuously adding the wood chip particles into the drying pipe, and evaporating the moisture in the wood chip particles during the conveying and dispersion of high-speed hot airflow at 120-160 ℃ to ensure that the moisture in the wood chip reaches three-to-twelve percent.

5. The fabricating process of a guqin according to claim 1, wherein the glue blended in the fifth step is soybean protein glue, and the solid content is as follows: 60-65%, viscosity: 200 and 400 cp.

6. The guqin manufactured according to the guqin manufacturing process is characterized by comprising a face, a belly and a bottom, wherein a forehead (1), a shoulu (2), string eyes (3), a Yueshan (4), strings (32), a top (5), a shoulder (7), a hui (6), fins (8), a waist (9), a crown angle (10) and a gum (11) are arranged on the face from the head to the tail; the belly is provided with a tongue hole (17), string holes (3), a neck nut (18), a sound pool (29), a top post (22), a receiving sound (20), a side wall (25), a groove belly (19), a ground post (23), a foot hole (28), a lyre foot (16), a rhyme marsh (30) and a tail nut (21) from the head to the tail of the lyre; the teau comprises a base and is characterized in that a phoenix tongue (26), a fu palm (12), string eyes (3), a tuner peg pool (13), a musical instrument tuner peg (27), a dragon pool (14), a foot hole (28), a phoenix marsh (15), a coke tail lower sticker (31) and a gum support (24) are arranged from a head to a tail of the teau, wherein the fu palm (12) is of an arch structure, a Yushan mountain (4) is a hard wood block with a convex piano face and is made of rosewood or compression molding plastic, thirteen piano badges (6) are longitudinally arranged on one side of the piano face, seven string eyes (3) which are longitudinally arranged are arranged on the Yushan mountain (4), and seven strings (32) are arranged between the dragon gum (11) and the Yushan mountain (4).

7. The seven-stringed plucked instrument as claimed in claim 6, wherein the strings (32) are steel strings wrapped with nylon wire or mulberry silk and twisted from outside to inside, and are respectively called a first string, a second string, a third string, a fourth string, a fifth string, a sixth string and a seventh string from outside to inside, wherein the lengths of the first string to the seventh string are 1.5 m to 2 m, and the diameter of the first string is 1.20mm to 1.50 mm; the diameter of the second string is 1.10mm-1.40 mm; the diameter of the third string is 1.00mm-1.30 mm; the diameter of the fourth chord is 0.90mm-1.20 mm; the diameter of the fifth chord is 0.80mm-1.10 mm; the diameter of the sixth string is 0.70mm-1.00 mm; the diameter of the seventh chord is 0.60mm-0.90 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of musical instruments, in particular to a guqin and a manufacturing process thereof.

Background

The existing production process of the guqin has strict and complex requirements and long period, harmful substances such as urushiol, formaldehyde, benzene and the like volatilize in the paint construction process, the environment is damaged, the body of a producer is seriously injured, the raw materials are seriously wasted, the environment pollution is serious, the production quality is uneven, the traditional process has strict requirements on the climate of the production environment, and the operation is inconvenient.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a guqin and a manufacturing process thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a process for manufacturing a seven-stringed plucked instrument comprises the steps of manufacturing a panel and a bottom plate; closing the piano; treating the surface of the piano; installing goose feet, a music instrument tuner and a velvet button; mounting strings; testing; packaging and warehousing;

the specific processing technology steps for manufacturing the piano panel and the piano bottom plate are as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting wood chips of fir or tung wood as raw materials for manufacturing a panel and a bottom plate of the musical instrument;

step two: crushing the raw materials selected in the previous step into wood dust particles;

step three: drying the wood dust particles crushed in the previous step to keep the water content of the wood dust particles at 3-12%;

step four: screening the sawdust particles dried in the previous step to screen out coarse sawdust and fine sawdust which meet the size requirement, wherein the length of the coarse sawdust is 5-15 mm; the width is 2-5 mm; the thickness is 1-5 mm; wherein the length of the fine wood chips is 1-10 mm; the width is 0.5-3 mm; the thickness is 0.15-0.3 mm;

step five: mixing the wood dust particles screened in the previous step with glue, wherein the glue application amount is 5-15% of the weight of the mixed wood dust particles;

step six: pre-pressing the sawdust particles mixed with the glue in the previous step into a plate blank by a plate pressing machine, wherein the compression measurement is 0.3-0.5, the pressure is 1.5-1.6Mpa, the pre-pressing time is 10-30s, and the resilience rate is 15-25%;

step seven: carrying out hot pressing treatment on the plate blank obtained in the previous step, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 120-;

step eight: naturally storing the plate blank subjected to the hot pressing treatment in an indoor environment for 5-8 days until the water content is kept at 8-12%;

step nine: bonding a veneer on the side surface and the periphery of the plate blank obtained in the previous step, and removing burrs to obtain a finished plate blank;

step ten: and polishing and painting the finished plate blank obtained in the previous step to obtain a finished piano panel or a piano base plate.

The invention further provides a process for manufacturing the seven-stringed plucked instrument, which comprises the following steps that in the first step, the length-fineness ratio of the wood chips is more than 5-10; wherein, the slenderness ratio calculation formula of the flake wood shavings is S ═ L/T; the slenderness ratio S of the rod-shaped wood shavings is L/d; the length-width ratio of the wood chip shavings in the first step is more than 5; wherein, the length-width ratio calculation formula is J ═ L/W; the width-thickness ratio of the wood chip shavings in the first step is 1-2, wherein the width-thickness ratio is calculated as K ═ W/t; in the formula, L is the length of the wood wool, W is the width of the wood wool, d is the diameter of the wood wool, and t is the thickness of the wood wool.

The invention further provides a process for manufacturing the guqin, wherein the crushing treatment in the second step is carried out in two steps, namely primary crushing treatment and secondary crushing treatment, wherein the primary crushing treatment adopts a chipping machine or a flaker, and the chipping machine is a universal disc chipping machine or a universal roller chipping machine; the flaker is a universal disc flaker or a drum flaker; the regrind treatment employs a general drum flaker and hammer regrind machine.

The invention further provides a process for manufacturing the guqin, which comprises the following steps of drying, namely natural drying or steam drying, wherein wood dust particles are spread flatly and spread in a room for keeping ventilation and natural drying; and (3) steam drying, namely drying the wood chip particles by means of a steam boiler, a feeder, an airflow drying pipe, a cyclone separator and a fan, continuously adding the wood chip particles into the drying pipe, and evaporating the moisture in the wood chip particles during the conveying and dispersion of high-speed hot airflow at 120-160 ℃ to ensure that the moisture in the wood chip reaches three-to-twelve percent.

The invention further provides a process for manufacturing the guqin, wherein the mixed glue in the fifth step is soybean protein glue, and the solid content is as follows: 60-65%, viscosity: 200 and 400 cp.

The ancient lyre manufactured according to the process comprises a lyre surface, a lyre belly and a lyre bottom, wherein the lyre surface is provided with a lyre forehead, a chenopodium, string eyes, a Yueshan, strings, a lyre top, a lyre shoulder, a lyre badge, a lyre wing, a lyre waist, a crowned angle and a dragon gum from the lyre head to the lyre tail; the belly is provided with a tongue hole, a string hole, a neck nut, a sound pool, a top post, a sonar, a side wall, a groove belly, a top post, a foot hole, a piano foot, a rhyme and a tail nut from the head to the tail; the instrument bottom is provided with phoenix tongue, fu palm, string eye, tuner pond, instrument tuner board, dragon pond, foot hole, phoenix marsh, coke tail are pasted down and gum holds in the palm from the musical instrument head to the musical instrument tail, wherein, fu palm is domes, and the mountain is the convex ebony of musical instrument face, and its material is padauk or compression moulding plastics, and one side on the musical instrument face vertically is equipped with thirteen musical instruments emblems altogether, is equipped with seven string eyes of longitudinal arrangement on the mountain, is located and is equipped with seven strings between dragon gum and the mountain.

The strings of the seven-stringed plucked instrument are steel strings formed by winding nylon wires on the outside of an inner core steel wire or silk strings formed by twisting mulberry silk, and are respectively called a first string, a second string, a third string, a fourth string, a fifth string, a sixth string and a seventh string from the outer side to the inner side of the seven-stringed plucked instrument, wherein the lengths of the first string to the seventh string are 1.5 meters to 2 meters, and the diameter of the first string is 1.20mm-1.50 mm; the diameter of the second string is 1.10mm-1.40 mm; the diameter of the third string is 1.00mm-1.30 mm; the diameter of the fourth chord is 0.90mm-1.20 mm; the diameter of the fifth chord is 0.80mm-1.10 mm; the diameter of the sixth string is 0.70mm-1.00 mm; the diameter of the seventh chord is 0.60mm-0.90 mm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional process, the production process has the advantages that the used materials are more environment-friendly, the paint is saved by more than 90%, the cornu cervi degelatinatum gray tire and the like are saved by more than 80%, the labor cost is saved by more than 90%, the density of the finished surface bottom plate in the production process is controllable, the quality is controllable, the acoustic characteristic is controllable, the shape is controllable, the appearance color and the texture are controllable, the production efficiency and the qualification rate are improved by more than 30 times, the comprehensive cost is 10-30 times of the original cost, the production efficiency of the traditional Guqin is improved, the cost is overhigh, the requirements on raw materials are too harsh, the waste of the raw materials is serious, the.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the face structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the belly structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the bottom of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a teal;

in the figure: 1. a forehead; 2. carrying out dew bearing; 3. a string eye; 4. yue mountain; 5. an organ; 6. a musical instrument logo; 7. a shoulder; 8. a wing of the musical instrument; 9. a waist of the musical instrument; 10. a crown angle; 11. the gingiva; 12. a teal; 13. a tuner pool; 14. a dragon pool; 15. feng-marsh; 16. a piano foot; 17. tongue points; 18. item real; 19. the groove abdomen; 20. receiving a sound; 21. tail compaction; 22. a top pillar; 23. a ground pillar; 24. a gingival support; 25. a side wall; 26. a phoenix tongue; 27. music instrument tuner; 28. a foot hole; 29. an acoustic cell; 30. charming and marsh; 31. sticking the coke tail downwards; 32. and (7) strings.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.

A process for manufacturing a seven-stringed plucked instrument comprises the steps of manufacturing a panel and a bottom plate; closing the piano; treating the surface of the piano; installing goose feet, a music instrument tuner and a velvet button; mounting strings; testing; packaging and warehousing;

the specific processing technology steps for manufacturing the piano panel and the piano bottom plate are as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting wood chips of fir or tung wood as raw materials for manufacturing a panel and a bottom plate of the musical instrument;

step two: crushing the raw materials selected in the previous step into wood dust particles;

step three: drying the wood dust particles crushed in the previous step to keep the water content of the wood dust particles at 3-12%;

step four: screening the sawdust particles dried in the previous step to screen out coarse sawdust and fine sawdust which meet the size requirement, wherein the length of the coarse sawdust is 5-15 mm; the width is 2-5 mm; the thickness is 1-5 mm; wherein the length of the fine wood chips is 1-10 mm; the width is 0.5-3 mm; the thickness is 0.15-0.3 mm;

step five: mixing the wood dust particles screened in the previous step with glue, wherein the glue application amount is 5-15% of the weight of the mixed wood dust particles;

step six: pre-pressing the sawdust particles mixed with the glue in the previous step into a plate blank by a plate pressing machine, wherein the compression measurement is 0.3-0.5, the pressure is 1.5-1.6Mpa, the pre-pressing time is 10-30s, and the resilience rate is 15-25%;

step seven: carrying out hot pressing treatment on the plate blank obtained in the previous step, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 120-;

step eight: naturally storing the plate blank subjected to the hot pressing treatment in an indoor environment for 5-8 days until the water content is kept at 8-12%;

step nine: bonding a veneer on the side surface and the periphery of the plate blank obtained in the previous step, and removing burrs to obtain a finished plate blank;

step ten: and polishing and painting the finished plate blank obtained in the previous step to obtain a finished piano panel or a piano base plate.

The slenderness ratio of the wood chip shavings in the first step is more than 5-10; wherein, the slenderness ratio calculation formula of the flake wood shavings is S ═ L/T; the slenderness ratio S of the rod-shaped wood shavings is L/d; the length-width ratio of the wood chip shavings in the first step is more than 5; wherein, the length-width ratio calculation formula is J ═ L/W; the width-thickness ratio of the wood chip shavings in the first step is 1-2, wherein the width-thickness ratio is calculated as K ═ W/t; in the formula, L is the length of the wood wool, W is the width of the wood wool, d is the diameter of the wood wool, and t is the thickness of the wood wool.

The crushing treatment in the second step is carried out in two steps, namely primary crushing treatment and secondary crushing treatment, wherein the primary crushing treatment adopts a chipping machine or a flaker, and the chipping machine is a universal disc-type chipping machine or a universal roller-type chipping machine; the flaker is a universal disc flaker or a drum flaker; the regrind treatment employs a general drum flaker and hammer regrind machine.

Drying treatment in the third step adopts natural drying or steam drying, wherein the natural drying spreads the wood dust particles in a flat way to be placed indoors for ventilation and natural drying; and (2) steam drying, namely drying the wood chip particles by means of a steam boiler, a feeder, an air flow drying pipe, a cyclone separator and a fan, continuously adding the wood chip particles into the drying pipe, and evaporating the moisture in the wood chip particles in the conveying and dispersing process of high-speed hot air flow of 120-160 ℃ to ensure that the moisture in the wood chip particles reaches three-to-twelve percent, wherein the drying equipment used in the first step and the second step is the equipment commonly used in the field in the prior art.

The glue blended in the fifth step is soybean protein glue, and the solid content is as follows: 60-65%, viscosity: 200 and 400 cp.

The ancient lyre shown in fig. 1 to 5 comprises a lyre surface, a lyre belly and a lyre bottom, wherein a lyre forehead 1, a yuanlu 2, string eyes 3, a Yueshan 4, strings 32, a lyre top 5, a lyre shoulder 7, a lyre badge 6, a lyre wing 8, a lyre waist 9, a crown angle 10 and a dragon gum 11 are arranged on the lyre surface from the lyre head to the lyre tail; the belly is provided with a tongue hole 17, string holes 3, a neck nut 18, a sound pool 29, a top post 22, a sonar 20, a side wall 25, a groove belly 19, a top post 23, a foot hole 28, a piano foot 16, a rhyme 30 and a tail nut 21 from the head to the tail; the phoenix tongue 26, the fu palm 12, the string eyes 3, the tuner peg pool 13, the musical instrument tuner peg 27, the dragon pool 14, the foot hole 28, the phoenix marsh 15, the coke tail lower sticker 31 and the gum support 24 are arranged on the bottom of the instrument from the head to the tail, wherein the fu palm 12 is of an arch structure, the Yushan 4 is a hard wood block with a convex instrument face and is made of rosewood or compression molding plastic, thirteen musical instruments badges 6 are longitudinally arranged on one side of the instrument face, seven string eyes 3 which are longitudinally arranged are arranged on the Yushan 4, and seven musical instrument strings 32 are arranged between the dragon gum 11 and the Yushan 4.

Preferably, the strings 32 are steel strings formed by winding nylon wires on the outer side of an inner core steel wire or are twisted from mulberry silk, and are respectively called as a first string, a second string, a third string, a fourth string, a fifth string, a sixth string and a seventh string from the outer side to the inner side of the guqin, wherein the lengths of the first string to the seventh string are 1.5 meters to 2 meters, and the diameter of the first string is 1.20mm-1.50 mm; the diameter of the second string is 1.10mm-1.40 mm; the diameter of the third string is 1.00mm-1.30 mm; the diameter of the fourth chord is 0.90mm-1.20 mm; the diameter of the fifth chord is 0.80mm-1.10 mm; the diameter of the sixth string is 0.70mm-1.00 mm; the diameter of the seventh chord is 0.60mm-0.90 mm.

Preferably, the top 5 is a part into which the headstock is folded.

Preferably, the shoulder 7 is the widest part of the piano face.

Preferably, the waist 9 is a part of the tail which is received.

Preferably, the crown angle 10 is slightly convex at the tail, and the material thereof can be made of hardwood such as rosewood or synthetic hard material by compression molding.

Preferably, the raw materials selected for the panel and the bottom plate can be leftovers of the ancient lyre, such as wood shavings, wood slag, wood chips or residual wood or wood suitable for the ancient lyre with related acoustic characteristics, such as fir, tung and the like.

Preferably, the glue mixing method is that the spraying method adhesive is atomized through a nozzle under the action of air pressure and sprayed onto the wood shavings in a suspended state, and the spraying glue application method is adopted, so that the ratio of the raw material surface covered by the adhesive liquid is more than 90% of the total amount of the raw materials, and the water absorption rate of the raw materials is relatively low.

Preferably, the method for processing the piano surface can be implemented by using a traditional process, can be formed by directly pressing wood grains or various exquisite printing patterns made of materials such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), melamine paper and the like, and can also be formed by secondary coating of water stickers and the like.

The ancient lyre is generally 125 centimeters long (the knee lyre is also about 80 centimeters and 100 centimeters), the whole shape is made according to the shape of the phoenix, the whole body of the ancient lyre is provided with a head, a neck, shoulders, a waist, a tail, feet and the like corresponding to the phoenix body, the ancient lyre is symbolized by auspicious peaceful, the bottom of the ancient lyre is provided with two sound grooves, the ancient lyre is positioned in the middle and is called a dragon pool, the ancient lyre is positioned in the tail and is called a phoenix marsh, the ancient lyre is positioned in the tail, the dragon and the phoenix are in the names of the parts, the mountain and the water are symbolized by the heaven and earth, and thirteen badges are arranged on the surface of the ancient lyre and the lea.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.