Device and method for combined production of biochar by coupling gasification of reciprocating grate with coal-fired power generation
阅读说明：本技术 一种往复炉排气化耦合燃煤发电联产生物炭的装置及方法 (Device and method for combined production of biochar by coupling gasification of reciprocating grate with coal-fired power generation ) 是由 别如山 于 2020-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种往复炉排气化耦合燃煤发电联产生物炭的装置及方法,属于新能源技术领域。生物质往复炉排气化炉包括往复炉排及设置在往复炉排上部的气化炉膛,往复炉排下部设有至少六个风室,往复炉排末端设有开口U型水冷绞龙,开口U型水冷绞龙出口设置生物炭水冷绞龙一,气化炉膛顶部出口与立式渐缩渐扩裂解器入口连接,立式渐缩渐扩裂解器出口与旋风分离器入口连接,旋风分离器下部出口设置生物炭水冷绞龙二,旋风分离器燃气出口通过引风机与大型燃煤锅炉连接,引风机与大型燃煤锅炉之间设有燃气阀门,立式渐缩渐扩裂解器入口设有旋转阀给料器,气化炉膛顶部的燃气放散口设有排空阀和放散燃烧器。本发明用于生物质气化耦合燃煤发电联产生物炭。(A device and a method for combined production of biochar by gasification of a reciprocating grate and coupling coal-fired power generation belong to the technical field of new energy. The biomass reciprocating furnace exhaust gasifier comprises a reciprocating grate and a gasification furnace arranged on the upper portion of the reciprocating grate, at least six air chambers are arranged on the lower portion of the reciprocating grate, an open U-shaped water-cooling auger is arranged at the tail end of the reciprocating grate, a biochar water-cooling auger I is arranged at an outlet of the open U-shaped water-cooling auger, an outlet of the top of the gasification furnace is connected with an inlet of a vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker, an outlet of the vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker is connected with an inlet of a cyclone separator, a biochar water-cooling auger II is arranged at an outlet of the lower portion of the cyclone separator, a fuel gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with a large coal-fired boiler through an induced draft fan, a fuel gas valve is arranged between the induced draft fan and. The biomass gasification combined biomass charcoal gasification combined coal-fired power generation device is used for biomass gasification coupled coal-fired power generation and biochar co-production.)
1. A device for the gasification coupling of a reciprocating grate and the coal-fired power generation and the co-production of biochar is characterized in that: the biomass gasification furnace comprises a biomass reciprocating grate gasification furnace (1), a vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker (4), an open U-shaped water-cooling auger (5), a rotary valve feeder (6), a cyclone separator (7), an induced draft fan (8), a gas valve (9), a biochar water-cooling auger I (11), a biochar water-cooling auger II (12), a diffusion burner (13), an exhaust valve (14) and at least six air chambers;
the biomass reciprocating grate gasification furnace (1) comprises a reciprocating grate (2) and a gasification furnace arranged on the upper part of the reciprocating grate (2), wherein at least six air chambers are arranged on the lower part of the reciprocating grate (2), an opening U-shaped water-cooling auger (5) is arranged at the tail end of the reciprocating grate (2), a biochar water-cooling auger (11) is arranged at the outlet of the opening U-shaped water-cooling auger (5), the outlet of the top of the gasification furnace is connected with the inlet of a vertical gradually reducing and expanding cracker (4), the outlet of the vertical gradually reducing and expanding cracker (4) is connected with the inlet of a cyclone separator (7), a biochar water-cooling auger (12) is arranged at the outlet of the cyclone separator (7), the gas outlet of the cyclone separator (7) is connected with the inlet of an induced draft fan (8), the outlet of the induced draft fan (8) is connected with a large coal-fired boiler (10), and a gas valve (9) is arranged between, the inlet of the vertical type reducing and gradually expanding cracking device (4) is provided with a rotary valve feeder (6), the top of the gasification hearth is provided with a gas diffusion port, the end part of the gas diffusion port is provided with a diffusion burner (13), and the gas diffusion port is provided with an exhaust valve (14).
2. The biomass reciprocating grate gasification coupled coal-fired power generation and biochar cogeneration device of claim 1, characterized in that: and the outlet of the biochar water-cooling auger I (11) is provided with a rotary sealing valve I (15), and the outlet of the biochar water-cooling auger II (12) is provided with a rotary sealing valve II (16).
3. The device for the combined production of biochar by the gasification of the reciprocating grate and the coupling of coal-fired power generation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the number of the air chambers is six, the six air chambers sequentially comprise an air chamber I (2-1), an air chamber II (2-2), an air chamber III (2-3), an air chamber IV (2-4), an air chamber V (2-5) and an air chamber VI (2-6) along the running direction of the reciprocating grate (2), and the air supply volumes of the six air chambers sequentially account for 15%, 20%, 15% and 10% of the total air volume.
4. The device for the combined production of biochar by the gasification of the reciprocating grate and the coupling of coal-fired power generation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the vertical type gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker (4) is of a 'snake' -shaped structure, the vertical type gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker (4) is formed by alternately arranging a descending section (4-1) and an ascending section (4-2) from an inlet to an outlet in sequence, and the descending section and the ascending section are connected and combined by a bent pipe (4-3);
the ascending section (4-2) is formed by coaxially and alternately arranging a plurality of cylinders I (4-2-1) and a plurality of cylinders II (4-2-2) in sequence, the lower end of each cylinder I (4-2-1) is connected with the upper end of each cylinder II (4-2-2) through a necking I, the lower end of each cylinder II (4-2-2) is connected with the upper end of each cylinder I (4-2-1) through a flaring I, the flaring I at the lower end of each cylinder II (4-2-2) is combined with the cylinder I (4-2-1) to form a flaring section I, and the necking I at the lower end of each cylinder I (4-2-1) is combined with the cylinder II (4-2-2) to form a shrinking section I;
the descending section (4-1) is formed by coaxially and alternately arranging a plurality of cylinders three (4-1-1) and a plurality of cylinders four (4-1-2) in sequence, the lower end of each cylinder three (4-1-1) is connected with the upper end of each cylinder four (4-1-2) through a necking II, the lower end of each cylinder four (4-1-2) is connected with the upper end of each cylinder three (4-1-1) through a flaring II, the flaring II at the lower end of each cylinder four (4-1-2) is combined with the cylinder three (4-1-)1 to form a flaring section II, and the necking II at the lower end of each cylinder three (4-1-1) is combined with the cylinder four (4-1-2) to form a shrinking section II.
5. The device for the combined production of biochar by the gasification of the reciprocating grate and the power generation of the coal as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the ascending section (4-2), the gas velocity of the contraction section I is 18-20m/s, the gas velocity of the expansion section I is 14-16m/s, the distance between the middle parts of two adjacent cylinders I (4-2-1) is one pitch I L1, the diameter of the inner circular wall of the cylinder II (4-2-2) is d1, and the L1/d1 is 4-6;
in the descending section (4-1), the second contracting section gas velocity is 8-10m/s, the second expanding section gas velocity is 5-6m/s, the distance between the middle parts of two adjacent cylinders three (4-1-1) is two pitches L2, the diameter of the inner circular wall of cylinder four (4-1-2) is D1, and the L2/D1 is 4-6.
6. A method for realizing the gasification of a reciprocating grate and the coupling of coal burning power generation for the co-production of biochar by utilizing the device of any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: biomass fuel is pushed into a gasification furnace chamber to be gasified through a movable grate segment (2-7) of the reciprocating grate (2), and biochar obtained after gasification is pushed into an open U-shaped water-cooling auger (5); in the process of gasifying the biomass fuel, at least six air chambers supply air to a gasification furnace chamber, the air supply amount accounts for 25-40% of theoretical air amount, and the temperature in the gasification furnace chamber is controlled to be between 700 and 800 ℃;
step two: the biomass with the particle size of less than 5mm and the moisture of less than 15 percent is sent into a combustible gas pipeline with the temperature of 700 plus materials at the top outlet of a gasification hearth through a rotary valve feeder (6), and enters a vertical type reducing and gradually expanding cracker (4) together with high-temperature combustible gas to carbonize the biomass, the retention time of the biomass is 8-10s, the feeding amount of the biomass is adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotary valve feeder (6), the temperature of the combustible gas is reduced from 800 plus materials to 450 ℃, and then the biomass enters a cyclone separator (7) to separate the biochar, and the temperature of the biochar enters a biochar water-cooling auger II (12) and is reduced to below 150 ℃ for recovery; combustible gas at the top of the cyclone separator (7) enters the large coal-fired boiler (10) under the action of the induced draft fan (8).
7. The method for the combined production of biochar by the gasification of the reciprocating grate and the power generation of the coal as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the first step, the biomass fuel comprises straw bulk materials, straw briquettes and wood bars, and the adding amount of the biomass fuel is 5-40 t/h.
8. The method for the combined production of biochar by the gasification of the reciprocating grate and the power generation of the coal as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the moisture of the straw bulk material is less than 35 percent, and the longest straw bulk material is not more than 150 mm; the cross section size of the straw briquetting is as follows: the width is 32mm multiplied by 32mm, and the length is less than 100 mm; the moisture of the wood bar stock is less than 25%, and the section size is as follows: the width multiplied by the height is less than 40 multiplied by 40mm, and the length is less than 200 mm.
9. The method for the combined production of biochar by the gasification of the reciprocating grate and the power generation of the coal as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the first step, the number of the air chambers is six, the six air chambers sequentially comprise an air chamber I (2-1), an air chamber II (2-2), an air chamber III (2-3), an air chamber IV (2-4), an air chamber V (2-5) and an air chamber VI (2-6) along the running direction of the reciprocating grate (2), and the air supply volumes of the six air chambers sequentially account for 15%, 20%, 15% and 10% of the total air volume.
10. The method for the combined production of biochar by the gasification of the reciprocating grate and the power generation of the coal as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the second step, the biomass is rice hulls, sawdust and all other biomass with the particle size smaller than 5mm and the water content smaller than 15%.
11. The method for the combined production of biochar by the gasification of the reciprocating grate and the power generation of the coal as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the second step, the vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker (4) is of a 'snake' -shaped structure, the vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker (4) is formed by alternately arranging a descending section (4-1) and an ascending section (4-2) from an inlet to an outlet in sequence, and the descending section and the ascending section are connected and combined through a bent pipe (4-3);
the ascending section (4-2) is formed by coaxially and alternately arranging a plurality of cylinders I (4-2-1) and a plurality of cylinders II (4-2-2) in sequence, the lower end of each cylinder I (4-2-1) is connected with the upper end of each cylinder II (4-2-2) through a necking I, the lower end of each cylinder II (4-2-)2 is connected with the upper end of each cylinder I (4-2-1) through a flaring I, the flaring I at the lower end of each cylinder II (4-2-2) is combined with the cylinder I (4-2-1) to form a flaring section I, and the necking I at the lower end of each cylinder I (4-2-1) is combined with the cylinder II (4-2-2) to form a shrinking section I;
the descending section (4-1) is formed by coaxially and alternately arranging a plurality of cylinders three (4-1-1) and a plurality of cylinders four (4-1-2) in sequence, the lower end of each cylinder three (4-1-)1 is connected with the upper end of each cylinder four (4-1-2) through a necking II, the lower end of each cylinder four (4-1-2) is connected with the upper end of each cylinder three (4-1-1) through a flaring II, the flaring II at the lower end of each cylinder four (4-1-2) is combined with the cylinder three (4-1-1) to form a flaring section II, and the necking II at the lower end of each cylinder three (4-1-1) is combined with the cylinder four (4-1-2) to form a shrinking section II;
in the ascending section (4-2), the gas velocity of the contraction section I is 18-20m/s, the gas velocity of the expansion section I is 14-16m/s, the distance between the middle parts of two adjacent cylinders I (4-2-1) is one pitch I L1, the diameter of the inner circular wall of the cylinder II (4-2-2) is d1, and the L1/d1 is 4-6;
in the descending section (4-1), the second contracting section air velocity is 8-10m/s, the second expanding section air velocity is 5-6m/s, the distance between the middle parts of two adjacent cylinders three (4-1-)1 is two pitches L2, the diameter of the inner circular wall of cylinder four (4-1-2) is D1, and the L2/D1 is 4-6.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a device and a method for biomass reciprocating grate gasification coupled coal-fired power generation and biochar co-production.
Background
Biomass gasification is a technology for thermochemically converting biomass into combustible gas, and the principle is that the biomass is incompletely combusted under the anoxic condition in a gasification furnace, and the released heat converts the biomass into CO and H2、CH4、CO2And biochar and the like, wherein the biochar can be used as a steel mill molten steel heat insulation material, a soil conditioner, a fertilizer slow release carrier, a raw material of activated carbon and the like; the biomass gasified gas can be fed into a gas boiler for combustion and heat supply, and also can be fed into a high-capacity high-parameter coal-fired boiler for coupling power generation, the advantages of high power generation efficiency of the coal-fired boiler and centralized treatment and ultralow emission of pollutants are utilized, the biomass power generation efficiency is greatly improved, the economical efficiency of a power plant is improved, and simultaneously, the CO per KW is reduced2And (4) discharging the amount. The existing biomass gasification furnaces comprise an updraft fixed bed gasification furnace, a downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace, a chain grate gasification furnace, a fluidized bed and a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace. The capacities of an updraft fixed bed gasification furnace and a downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace are smaller, and the biomass treatment capacity is less than 3 t/h; the chain grate gasification furnace is only applied to rice hull gasification at present, the rice hull treatment capacity is not more than 3t/h, and when massive biomass is gasified, the problem of gasification impermeability exists, namely the biomass cannot be completely carbonized. The circulating fluidized bed is almost the only choice to satisfy the power generation of large coal fired boiler coupling biomass gasification, but, the circulating fluidized bed has higher requirements for biomass granularity and moisture, the granularity is hoped to be less than 20mm for wood particles, the length is hoped not to exceed 50mm for straws, and the moisture of the biomass is not more than 15%. The biomass charcoal obtained by the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is usually particles and powder with the particle size of less than 6mm, and the circulating fluidized bed is not enough for biomass which is expected to obtain massive biomass charcoal or does not change the original shape of the biomass and has the moisture content of more than 15%. In addition, because the temperature of the fuel gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace is 700-. In the prior art, a heat conduction oil heat exchanger is adopted to cool combustible gas to 450 ℃, then heat conduction oil and water or air and the like carry out secondary heat exchange, the heat conduction oil heat exchanger has the defects of large heat exchange area, high investment cost and complex system, the highest allowable heating temperature of the heat conduction oil at present is 360 ℃, therefore, the wall surface temperature of the heat conduction oil heat exchanger is lower than 400 ℃, macromolecular tar is easy to contaminate on the heat exchanger, the heat transfer is influenced, and the heat exchanger needs to be cleaned regularly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the prior chain grate furnace exhaust gasifier, the circulating fluidized bed gasifier and the combustible gas cooling, and further provides a device and a method for co-producing biochar by coupling gasification of a reciprocating grate and coal-fired power generation, so as to achieve the aim of efficiently producing biochar while realizing biomass gasification and coal-fired coupled power generation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a device for co-production of biochar by gasification coupling of a reciprocating grate and coal-fired power generation comprises a biomass reciprocating grate gasifier, a vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker, an open U-shaped water-cooling auger, a rotary valve feeder, a cyclone separator, an induced draft fan, a gas valve, a biochar water-cooling auger I, a biochar water-cooling auger II, a diffusion burner, an emptying valve and at least six air chambers;
the biomass reciprocating furnace exhaust gasifier comprises a reciprocating grate and a gasification furnace hearth arranged on the upper part of the reciprocating grate, wherein the lower part of the reciprocating grate is provided with at least six air chambers, the tail end of the reciprocating grate is provided with an open U-shaped water-cooling auger, the outlet of the open U-shaped water-cooling auger is provided with a biochar water-cooling auger I, the outlet at the top of the gasification furnace hearth is connected with the inlet of a vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker, the outlet of the vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker is connected with the inlet of a cyclone separator, the biochar water-cooling auger II is arranged at the outlet of the cyclone separator, the gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of an induced draft fan, the outlet of the induced draft fan is connected with a large coal-fired boiler, a gas valve is arranged between the induced draft fan and the large coal-fired boiler, the, an exhaust valve is arranged on the fuel gas bleeding opening.
A method for combined production of biochar by gasification of a reciprocating grate and coupling coal-fired power generation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: biomass fuel is pushed into a gasification furnace chamber to be gasified through a movable grate segment of a reciprocating grate, and biochar obtained after gasification is pushed into an open U-shaped water-cooling auger; in the process of gasifying the biomass fuel, at least six air chambers supply air to a gasification furnace chamber, the air supply amount accounts for 25-40% of theoretical air amount, and the temperature in the gasification furnace chamber is controlled to be between 700 and 800 ℃;
step two: the biomass with the particle size of less than 5mm and the moisture of less than 15 percent is sent into a combustible gas pipeline with the temperature of 700-; combustible gas at the top of the cyclone separator enters the large coal-fired boiler under the action of the induced draft fan.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the adoption of the biomass reciprocating furnace exhaust gasifier solves the severe requirements of the circulating fluidized bed on moisture and granularity, and can obtain biochar with the original shape; the reciprocating grate has a fire poking function (in the prior art), and solves the problem of incomplete gasification of the exhaust gasifier of the chain grate furnace; the manufacturing cost of the biomass reciprocating grate gasifier is only 1/2 of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier with the same volume, and a high-pressure fan is not needed, so that the power consumption of the fan is obviously reduced. The high-temperature fuel gas generated by biomass gasification is utilized to carbonize biomass in the vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker to co-produce biochar, thereby solving the problem of fuel gas cooling and achieving the dual effects of power generation and biochar co-production. The biomass gasification combined biomass charcoal gasification combined coal-fired power generation device is used for biomass gasification coupled coal-fired power generation and biochar co-production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass reciprocating grate gasification coupled coal-fired power generation and biochar co-production device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial view of a vertical tapered and diverging cracker;
FIG. 3 is a view from direction K of FIG. 1; in the figure W represents the width of the gasification furnace;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the reciprocating grate 2;
FIG. 5 is a front and rear arch structure view of a biomass reciprocating grate gasifier.
The names and reference numbers of the components referred to in the above figures are as follows:
biomass reciprocating grate gasifier 1, reciprocating grate 2, air chamber I2-1, air chamber II 2-2, air chamber III 2-3, air chamber IV 2-4, air chamber V2-5, air chamber VI 2-6, movable grate segment 2-7, fixed grate segment 2-8, stokehold hopper 3, vertical gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding cracker 4, descending section 4-1, cylinder III 4-1-1, cylinder IV 4-1-2, ascending section 4-2, cylinder I4-2-1, cylinder II 4-2-2, elbow 4-3, open U-shaped water-
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