阅读说明：本技术 具有在一个维度上收缩而在另一维度上膨胀的材料的产品 (Product having material that shrinks in one dimension and expands in another dimension ) 是由 J·陈 宋旭东 W·C·班亚德 A·M·朗 于 2018-03-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种一次性吸收产品包括双网络聚合物元件,所述双网络聚合物元件包括交联的、共价键合的聚合物和可逆的、部分离子键合的聚合物,其中所述元件的水分含量小于或等于所述元件的总重量的15％,其中所述元件包括潜在回缩力,并且其中所述元件被构造成在所述元件暴露于水性液体时释放所述回缩力以实现所述一次性吸收产品的尺寸变化。制造一次性吸收产品包括产生双网络水凝胶；通过力使所述双网络水凝胶伸长并且在仍然伸长的同时使所述双网络水凝胶脱水,其中伸长和脱水在所述元件中捕获潜在回缩力；以及将所述元件定位在一次性吸收产品中,使得在所述元件暴露于水性液体时实现所述一次性吸收产品的尺寸变化。(A disposable absorbent product comprising a double-network polymeric element comprising a cross-linked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, partially ionically-bonded polymer, wherein the element has a moisture content of less than or equal to 15% of the total weight of the element, wherein the element comprises a latent retractive force, and wherein the element is configured to release the retractive force upon exposure of the element to an aqueous liquid to effect a dimensional change in the disposable absorbent product. Manufacturing the disposable absorbent product includes creating a double-network hydrogel; elongating the double-network hydrogel by a force and dehydrating the double-network hydrogel while still elongated, wherein elongation and dehydration captures a latent retractive force in the element; and positioning the element in a disposable absorbent product such that a dimensional change of the disposable absorbent product is effected upon exposure of the element to an aqueous liquid.)

1. A disposable absorbent product comprising:

a double-network polymeric element comprising a cross-linked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, partially ionically-bonded polymer, wherein the element has a moisture content of less than or equal to 15% of the total weight of the element, wherein the element comprises a latent retractive force, and wherein the element is configured to release the retractive force to effect a dimensional change in the disposable absorbent product when the element is exposed to an aqueous liquid.

2. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein said element is porous.

3. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein the cross-linked, covalently bonded polymer is polyacrylamide.

4. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein said reversible, partially ionically-bonded polymer is sodium alginate.

5. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein said element is flexible and inelastic.

6. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein said release of said retraction force causes said element to contract in at least one dimension and expand in at least one dimension different from said contracted dimension.

7. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein the disposable absorbent product is a diaper, a training pant, a feminine pad, a feminine liner, or an incontinence product.

8. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein the dimensional change is flap movement.

9. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein said dimensional change is a bend in said disposable absorbent product.

10. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein said dimensional changes are changes in product topography.

11. The disposable absorbent product of claim 1, wherein said element becomes elastic upon exposure of said element to aqueous liquids.

12. A disposable absorbent product comprising:

a double-network polymeric element comprising a cross-linked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, partially ionically-bonded polymer, wherein the element has a moisture content of less than or equal to 15% of the total weight of the element, wherein the element comprises a latent retractive force, wherein the element is configured to release the retractive force to effect a dimensional change in the disposable absorbent product when the element is exposed to an aqueous liquid, and wherein the release of the retractive force causes the element to contract in at least one dimension and expand in at least one dimension different from the dimension of contraction.

13. The disposable absorbent product of claim 12, wherein said element is porous.

14. The disposable absorbent product of claim 12, wherein the disposable absorbent product is a diaper, a training pant, a feminine pad, a feminine liner, or an incontinence product.

15. The disposable absorbent product of claim 12, wherein the element becomes elastic upon exposure of the element to aqueous liquids.

16. A method for manufacturing a disposable absorbent product, the method comprising:

preparing a double-network hydrogel comprising a cross-linked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, ionically-bonded polymer;

elongating the double-network hydrogel in at least one direction by a force;

dehydrating the double-network hydrogel while still elongated to form a substantially dehydrated double-network polymeric element;

releasing the force to create the element, wherein elongation and dehydration captures a latent retractive force in the element; and

positioning the element in a disposable absorbent product such that a dimensional change of the disposable absorbent product is effected upon exposure of the element to an aqueous liquid.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising treating the double-network hydrogel with an organic solvent having a volatile and water-miscible organic solvent to replace a majority of the water in the double-network hydrogel; wherein dehydrating comprises evaporating the organic solvent while the double-network hydrogel is still elongated to form a substantially dry double-network polymer system, and wherein the elements are porous.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the element is configured to release the retractive force when exposed to a liquid, and wherein the release of the retractive force causes the element to contract in at least one dimension and expand in at least one dimension different from the contracted dimension.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the disposable absorbent product is a diaper, a training pant, a feminine pad, a feminine liner, or an incontinence product.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the element becomes elastic when exposed to an aqueous liquid.

Background

The present disclosure generally relates to disposable absorbent products that use absorbent shrinkable materials. In particular, the present disclosure relates to materials that contract in one dimension and expand in another dimension upon absorption of a liquid, such as water or body fluid.

There is a need for responsive materials that may address many of the unmet consumer needs associated with existing products. New applications of these responsive materials may also stimulate the exploration and development of emerging products outside the current category.

The relevant materials may include water shrinkable fibers; however, they are not hydrogels, they do not shrink to the same size, and they do not have elastic properties. Previous attempts to produce responsive materials include those such as those described in U.S. patent No. 4,942,089 to Genba et al relating to shrinkable fibers, water-absorbent shrinkable yarns, and other similar materials. For example, by spinning, drawing and heat-treating a carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol under specific conditions, a shrinkable fiber which is hardly soluble in water and can shrink by not less than 30% in not more than 10 seconds in water at 20 ℃ is obtained. It has been proposed to combine a yarn made of such fibers with a nonwoven fabric made by incorporating a yarn containing such shrinkable fibers into a nonwoven fabric that can be shrunk upon absorbing water, for use in tightly fitting the edge portion of a disposable diaper onto the thighs.

Fit to body has been a long-standing challenge for personal care products, including diapers, pant diapers, training pants, feminine pads, tampons, incontinence pads, and adult garments. The problems of close fitting are mainly classified into four categories: 1) the current products are not suitable for all body types, and the size is not beneficial to growth; 2) during dynamic movements, position changes and highly difficult body positions, current products are not fully contacted or do not have sufficient contact pressure in certain body areas; 3) current products do not stay in place during dynamic movement (e.g., shift down during movement) or under certain body configurations (e.g., slide down in front when the wearer's abdomen is large); and 4) current products fail to retain their original shape after being soiled (e.g., rapid bulging under small loads, face sagging, bunching/twisting/sagging of the crotch region).

In addition, liquid management is a long-standing challenge for such personal care products. For example, one of the design challenges is to ensure that there is sufficient effective bucket volume in the diaper to hold and contain the liquid until it is absorbed and without any leakage. The present disclosure describes an innovative approach to creating controllable dynamic surface topography for efficient fluid management.

While conventional hydrogels are capable of absorbing fluids, they are generally soft and brittle in the hydrated state and brittle and hard in the dried or dehydrated state. Conventional hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, stretchability and notch resistance.

Additionally, U.S. patent application publication No. 2015/038613 to Sun et al describes a hydrogel composition, but does not disclose drying/dehydrating such a composition under stress. PCT patent application publication No. WO06132661 to Muratoglu et al describes hydrogels that are made "tougher" by dehydrating the hydrogel after it is "deformed" using a compressive force.

Accordingly, there is a need to be able to produce disposable absorbent products having the attributes described herein.

Disclosure of Invention

The unmet needs of existing products include conformability, comfort, and reduced leakage. Disclosed herein is a novel and diverse form of responsive material that can simultaneously contract in one dimension and expand in one or more other dimensions when contacted with an aqueous medium and bodily fluids to form a hydrogel material. The material also has a significant absorption capacity for water and other aqueous liquids. The material is flexible.

Recently, a new class of hydrogels, double-network hydrogels, has been developed that have very interesting mechanical properties such as high elasticity, toughness and notch resistance in the hydrated state. These materials can be used to address the unmet needs of many different fields.

This approach is novel in the personal care product category because it utilizes stimulus-responsive shape-changing materials to achieve intelligent response of the product. This approach solves the key fit problem and provides the technical and perceptual close-fitting basic knowledge. Surface topography and other dimensional changes created as needed have the functional advantages of maintaining fluid at the target area, managing fluid distribution, and minimizing skin contact with the fluid. Thus, by combining this technology, faster intake, less leakage, and skin health benefits can be achieved.

Moisture-triggered shrinkable materials are described in co-pending U.S. patent application serial nos. 15/561595 and 15/564766, which describe a dual network hydrogel material that is moisture-triggered, shrinks significantly, and becomes elastic upon hydration. For the present disclosure, such dual network hydrogel materials are incorporated into disposable absorbent products to create surface topography, depressions, and other dimensional changes through the wet-activated shape change of the material to better fit the body and contain fluids.

In one aspect, a disposable absorbent product includes a double-network polymeric element including a crosslinked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, partially ionically-bonded polymer, wherein the element has a moisture content of less than or equal to 15% of the total weight of the element, wherein the element includes a latent retractive force, and wherein the element is configured to release retractive force upon exposure of the element to aqueous liquid to effect a dimensional change in the disposable absorbent product.

In another aspect, a disposable absorbent product includes a double-network polymeric element including a crosslinked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, partially ionically-bonded polymer, wherein the element has a moisture content of less than or equal to 15% of the total weight of the element, wherein the element includes a latent retractive force, wherein the element is configured to release the retractive force upon exposure of the element to an aqueous liquid to effect a dimensional change in the disposable absorbent product, and wherein the release of the retractive force causes the element to contract in at least one dimension and expand in at least one dimension different from the dimension of contraction.

In another aspect, a method for manufacturing a disposable absorbent product includes: producing a double-network hydrogel comprising a cross-linked, covalently-bonded polymer and a reversible, ionically-bonded polymer; elongating the double-network hydrogel in at least one direction by a force; dehydrating the double-network hydrogel while still elongated to form a substantially dehydrated double-network polymeric element; releasing the force to create an element, wherein elongation and dehydration captures the latent retractive force in the element; and positioning the element in the disposable absorbent product such that a dimensional change of the disposable absorbent product is achieved upon exposure of the element to an aqueous liquid.

Objects and advantages of the disclosure are set forth in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the disclosure.

Drawings

A full and enabling disclosure of the present disclosure, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth more particularly in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a disposable absorbent product in the form of a diaper having a dual network polymeric element of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the control diaper of FIG. 1 and a prototype diaper, both soiled, with the outer contour of the diapers highlighted in dashed lines;

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatical illustration of the exterior contour of both the control diaper and the prototype diaper of FIG. 2 after being soiled;

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a disposable absorbent product in the form of a feminine pad having a dual network polymer element of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the prototype feminine pad of FIG. 4 after contamination;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a prototype diaper having a double network polymer element in a containment flap, as viewed by holding one of the containment flaps with a hand;

FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a disposable absorbent product in the form of a feminine pad having a dual network polymer element of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 is a perspective view of the prototype feminine pad of fig. 7 prior to soiling;

fig. 9 is a perspective view of the prototype feminine pad of fig. 7 after being soiled;

FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of a portion of a prototype diaper having a double-network polymer element of the present disclosure prior to soiling;

FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of the prototype diaper portion of FIG. 10 having a double-network polymer element after being soiled;

FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view of a portion of a prototype diaper having a double-network polymer element of the present disclosure prior to soiling;

FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of the prototype diaper portion of FIG. 12 having a double-network polymer element after being soiled;

FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of a portion of a prototype diaper having a double-network polymer element of the present disclosure prior to soiling;

FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view of the prototype diaper portion of FIG. 14 having a double network polymer element after being soiled;

FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of a prototype diaper having a double-network polymer element of the present disclosure prior to soiling;

FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view of the prototype diaper of FIG. 16 having a double network polymer element after soiling; and is

Figure 18 is a schematic plan view of a control diaper (left) and the prototype diaper of figure 16 (right) after both defecation mimics have been applied.

Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the disclosure.

Detailed Description

As used herein, the term "nonwoven fabric or web" refers to a web having a structure of individual fibers or threads that are interlaid, but not in an identifiable manner (as in a knitted fabric). Nonwoven fabrics or webs have been formed from many processes such as, for example, meltblowing processes, spunbonding processes, bonded carded web processes, and the like.

As used herein, the terms "elastomer" and "elasticity" are used interchangeably and shall refer to a layer, material, laminate or composite that is generally capable of recovering its shape upon removal of a deforming force after deformation. In particular, "elastic" or "elastomeric" as used herein refers to any material property that allows the material to be stretched to a stretched, biased length that is at least about fifty (50) percent greater than its relaxed, unbiased length upon application of a biasing force, and that will cause the material to recover at least forty (40) percent of its elongation upon release of the stretching force. A hypothetical example that would satisfy this definition of an elastomeric material is a one (1) inch sample of the material that can be stretched to at least 1.50 inches and that, when released after stretching to 1.50 inches, will recover to a length of less than 1.30 inches. Many elastic materials can be stretched over fifty (50) percent of their relaxed length, and upon release of the stretching force, many of these elastic materials will return to substantially their original relaxed length.

Reference will now be made in detail to the various aspects of the disclosure, one or more examples of which are illustrated below. Each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation, of the disclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one aspect, can be used with another aspect to yield a still further aspect. Accordingly, the present disclosure is intended to cover such modifications and variations.

The present disclosure describes the modification of double-network hydrogels. A double-network hydrogel is a hydrogel comprising two types of polymers. In this case, one is a cross-linked/covalently bonded polymer; the second is a reversibly/ionically bonded polymer. It is reported that the double-network hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties such as strength, elasticity and notch resistance.

The double-network hydrogel of the present disclosure is modified by: the double-network hydrogel is stretched/pressed while wet, and dried to a moisture content of less than about 10-15% while maintaining this stretch. The resulting product material, i.e., the double-network polymer element that is not a hydrogel, remains strong and flexible when dry, but is not elastic. The cross-linked polymer of the double-network polymer element provides strength, while some of the bonds of the ionically-bonded polymer are broken. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that breaking these bonds during drying generates stored energy in the form of latent retractive forces in the dried double-network polymeric element.

In a typical hydrogel, rehydration results in swelling in all three dimensions. Also, without being limited by theory, it is believed that when the dried double-network polymeric elements of the present disclosure rehydrate, some of the broken ionic bonds reform. The double network polymeric elements contract in one dimension (e.g., in the x-y plane) and expand in another dimension (e.g., the z-direction, where the z-direction is perpendicular to the x-y plane). For example, a linear sample of dried double-network polymeric elements exhibits a length shrinkage of about 5 inches to 1 inch when rehydrated, while the diameter of the sample also expands. The disc-shaped samples of the dried double-network polymer elements were reduced in diameter but increased in thickness.

Previous attempts to prepare moisture-triggered shrinkable materials that become elastic upon hydration have used relatively cumbersome processes. Furthermore, in general, the material begins to shrink a few minutes after wetting, when all dimensions of the material are greater than 100 microns. In some cases, this time scale may not be an issue. However, the response speed may not be fast enough in other situations, such as tightening the gap to prevent leakage in the absorbent article. Disclosed herein is an improved version of a moisture-triggered shrinkable material that when hydrated becomes elastic comprising a plurality of micropores and nanopores. In addition, a simplified process for making nonporous and porous moisture-triggered shrinkable materials is also disclosed. The porous, moisture-triggered shrinkable material comprises a double-network polymer and the process of starting and completing the shrinkage is much faster than the non-porous counterpart described for the same size and general material.

Conventional hydrogels are generally soft and brittle in their hydrated state and brittle and hard in their dry state. Conventional hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, stretchability and notch resistance. A new class of hydrogels, i.e. double network hydrogels, has recently been developed, which have very interesting mechanical properties, such as high elasticity in the hydrated state, toughness and notch resistance. In the present disclosure, porous, moisture-triggered, collapsible, double-network hydrogel materials are disclosed that respond much faster to wetting than non-porous counterparts. In addition, simplified processes for preparing porous shrinkable materials have been developed.

In various aspects of the present disclosure, the thread, strand, sheet or fiber in a dry state (moisture content less than 10-15%) contains a large number of pores. The pores may have various sizes from micro to nano. The pores may be open or closed, but open pores are preferred.

Such a double-network polymer element may absorb many times its weight in water. Examples are described in detail below in this disclosure.

In a particular aspect of the present disclosure, the material is made from at least one crosslinked hydrogel-forming polymer and at least one second hydrogel-forming polymer with a reversible crosslinking agent, wherein a significant portion (e.g., 30%) of the crosslinking agent is not fully crosslinked and is in a free or partially free state when the polymers are in a dry state.

The cross-linked polymer may be polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, any other suitable polymer, or any combination of these. The reversible cross-linking agent may be alginate with sodium ions, gelatin with aluminum ions, any other suitable polymer, or any combination of these. In the dry state, sodium ions do not cross-link significantly with alginate.

The previously reported process for preparing the base material includes polymerization, crosslinking and curing using Ultraviolet (UV) light after mixing all the components in the container. This process sometimes results in a material that is brittle and prone to tearing. It is speculated that UV light may damage some materials during polymerization and curing. The improved process used herein uses spontaneously generated heat to accelerate polymerization and curing to make materials without irradiation with UV light. The use of this improved process results in a material that is more consistent in strength and shrinkage properties. By placing all of the ingredients under vacuum to remove oxygen, the polymerization begins to generate heat, which helps to accelerate polymerization, crosslinking, and curing. Unlike previously used processes, this improved process does not require extended cure cycles to achieve a material with sufficiently good properties.

The new disclosure is an improved version comprising a plurality of micropores and nanopores. This new pattern starts shrinking much faster (e.g., the example starts shrinking 8 times faster) and completes the shrinking process much faster (the example completes shrinking 3 times faster).

As further described in the examples below, the present disclosure includes fabricating a double-network polymer element. First, double-network hydrogels were made in the hydrated state according to the reported literature. The double-network hydrogel may be made in a wire, sheet, or any other suitable form. After the double-network hydrogel is cured, the double-network hydrogel is mechanically stretched or elongated in one or two selected dimensions and dried while elongated. When the elongation force is released, the dried material (double-network polymeric element) retains the dimensions it acquired upon elongation without significant change over time under ambient conditions.

Although not shown, it may be desirable to impart selected properties to the dried dual network polymeric element using finishing steps and/or post-treatment processes. For example, chemical post-treatments may be added to the double-network polymeric elements in a later step, or the double-network polymeric elements may be conveyed to a cutter, slitter, or other processing device to convert the double-network polymeric elements into a final product. In addition, patterning can be placed into the outer surface of the double-network polymer element by known processes. The double network polymeric elements may be in the form of fibers, webs, wires, discs, sheets, solid prisms, or any other suitable shape.

For the purposes of this disclosure, samples of the double-network hydrogel were prepared using polyacrylamide as the crosslinking polymer and sodium alginate as the ionomer. Additional details regarding the preparation and performance of such double-network hydrogels can be found in U.S. patent application publication No. 2015/038613 to Sun et al, which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent it does not conflict herewith.

Possible applications for the dual network polymeric element include embedding the dried dual network polymeric element in personal care products, absorbent medical products, and wipes of various thread lengths or shapes. The dried double network polymer elements in the product may change shape or tighten when wetted, which may result in a change in the shape or appearance of such products.

The location of the embedded porous material may vary according to specific needs. The embedding method may also vary. Specific methods of embedding include adhesive-based techniques, ultrasonic-based techniques, hot melt-based techniques, or mechanical bonding techniques, such as sewing or needling. Examples of absorbent articles include diapers, training pants, feminine pads and liners, and incontinence garments.

In various aspects of the present disclosure, a thread/strand, sheet, or fiber in a dry state (having a water content of less than or equal to 10-15%) contracts in at least one dimension and expands in at least one other dimension when contacted with an aqueous medium. In addition, the thread/strand, sheet or fiber absorbs at least four times its weight of water. For example, in the case of a wire made of a double-network polymer element, when no external force is applied, the length of the wire becomes much shorter when wet than in the original dry state, while at the same time the diameter of the wire becomes larger when wet. In another example, a sheet made of a double-network polymeric element may shrink in length and width when wetted or hydrated, while increasing in thickness.

A first exemplary product application is schematically illustrated in fig. 1. The diaper 10 generally includes a chassis structure 15, a front panel 20, and a back panel 25. The chassis 15 comprises an absorbent core (internal, not shown) and a lining material 30. In this aspect, the base structure 15 further includes one or more double network polymer elements 35 in the form of fiber bundles made of double network polymer. The double network polymer element 35 is optionally placed in an X-shape in the center of the bottom structure 15. The double network polymeric element 35 may be anchored 40 to the liner 30 as shown in figure 1 or to another material in the diaper 10. For illustrative purposes, anchor 40 is shown as an X-shape, and in an actual diaper may be any suitable shape.

Fig. 2 and 3 show the performance of this prototype diaper versus a control diaper without the double network polymer element. Upon wetting, with three applications of 60mL of saline, for a total of 180mL of saline, the double network polymer element in the prototype diaper contracted, resulting in no observed dimensional change in the control diaper. Fig. 3 shows the outer curve of the prototype and the control diaper after soiling, showing a greater shaping in the case of the prototype diaper, which means that the contour of the prototype diaper fits better to the body shape. The prototype diaper also results in a reduction of sagging as the shrinking fibers counteract the downward force of the contaminated absorbent core, thereby holding the contaminated absorbent core and the diaper itself against the body. The shape change of the diaper was completed within 2 minutes.

In another exemplary product application, schematically illustrated in fig. 4, a feminine pad 50 includes an absorbent core (internal, not shown) and a liner 55. The feminine pad 50 also includes one or more double network polymer elements 60 in the form of fiber bundles made of double network polymer. The double network polymer element 60 is optionally placed in the center of the feminine pad 50 in an X-shape. The double-network polymer element 60 may be anchored 65 to the liner 55 as shown in fig. 4 or to another material in the feminine pad 50. For illustrative purposes, anchor 65 is shown as an X-shape and may be any suitable shape in an actual feminine pad.

Figure 5 shows the performance of this prototype feminine pad. Upon wetting with saline to simulate urine, the double-network polymer element in the prototype feminine pad contracted, thereby creating a dimensional change that lifted the ends of the pad to form a U-shape. The resulting curved shape profile of the pad better conforms to the shape of the body. The shape change of the feminine pad was completed in 45 seconds.

In yet another exemplary product application, shown schematically in fig. 6, the diaper 10 includes a pair of containment flaps 18 attached to the bottom structure 15. In this aspect, each subsidiary flap 18 comprises one or more double network polymer elements in the form of fiber bundles made of double network polymer embedded in the flap 18. In the pre-contaminated condition, the auxiliary flap 18 remains flat against the bottom structure 15. Upon wetting with saline to simulate urine, the double network polymer elements in the auxiliary flap 18 contract, creating a dimensional change. The dimensional change causes the flaps 18 to stand upright to maintain closer contact with the wearer's body. The resulting upstanding flaps 18 are also resilient.

In a fourth exemplary product application, schematically illustrated in fig. 7, a feminine pad 70 includes an absorbent core (internal, not shown) and a liner 75. The feminine pad 70 also includes one or more double network polymer members 80 in the form of fiber bundles made of double network polymer. A double-network polymer element 80 is selectively placed along the longitudinal edges of the feminine pad 70 and wrapped in the nonwoven to form the flat flap 78. The double-network polymeric member 80 with the nonwoven shell may be anchored 85 to the liner 75 as shown in fig. 7 or to another material in the feminine pad 70. For illustrative purposes, the anchor 85 is shown as an X-shape and may be any suitable shape in an actual feminine pad.

Fig. 8 and 9 show the performance of such a prototype feminine pad 70. Before contamination, feminine pad 70 is flat (fig. 8). Upon wetting with saline to simulate urine, the double-network polymer element in the prototype feminine pad 70 contracted, producing a dimensional change (fig. 9). The resulting curved pad shape and upstanding flaps 78 provide both better body fit and better maintenance of contact with the wearer's body. The resulting flap 78 has the same elasticity as conventional elastic materials. The prototype is also similar to a menses simulant.

The double-network polymer element may also be used in disposable absorbent products to form depressions when soiled, as shown in fig. 10-15. The liquid-activated shrinkable double network polymer element 35 may be selectively placed between the nonwovens in the center of the bottom structure 15 of the diaper 10 (e.g., between the liner and another material). Examples of such placement are shown in fig. 10, 12 and 14. In fig. 10, the double-network polymer element 35 is placed in an X-shape to the center of the bottom structure 15. In fig. 12, the double-network polymer element 35 is placed in the center of the bottom structure 15 in a windowpane pattern. In fig. 14, the double-network polymer element 35 is placed in a circle to the center of the bottom structure 15. When the diaper 10 is soiled with saline as a urine simulant, the double-network polymeric element fibers contract, thereby forming the depressions 90 of different shapes. X is formed as a diamond/star shaped depression 92 shown in fig. 11; the window glass pattern becomes a rectangular recessed portion 94 shown in fig. 13; and the circle becomes the circular depression 96 shown in fig. 15. These depressions 90 may separate and retain fluids. The depression 90 may also separate feces (BM) from urine, which may contribute to skin health.

The double network polymeric element 105 may also be used in a disposable absorbent product to create a urine activated BM flap 100 as shown in fig. 16-18. The liquid-activated shrinkable double network polymer element 105 may be selectively placed between the nonwovens in the center of the bottom structure 15 of the diaper 10 (e.g., between the liner and another material). An example of such placement is shown in fig. 16, where the double-network polymer element 105 is placed as a polygon to the center of the bottom structure 15, but any suitable shape may be used. When the diaper 10 is insulted with saline as a urine simulant, the double-network polymeric element fibers contract, forming BM flaps 100, as shown in fig. 17 and 18. The BM flap 100 can block the flow of BM analogue 110 by containing the BM analogue 110 away from the front of the diaper 10 and hence away from the front of the body, as shown in figure 18.

The aspects shown in fig. 1-18 are examples of various placements of the double-network polymer elements. Other placements that produce other results after contamination may also be used. Different placement of the double-network polymer elements will result in different fit and containment properties. For example, a double-network polymer element may be placed above or below the liner to effect a shape change of the product to better conform to 3D body contours. The double-network polymer element may also be used to create dynamic flaps that can be activated as needed when contaminated and control free fluid until the fluid is fully absorbed by the absorbent layer or core.

In other aspects, a porous double-network polymer element can be used. This double network polymer is highly porous due to its organic solvent treatment; porosity allows for a fast fluid diffusion rate and therefore has fast contraction kinetics. In other aspects, the double-network polymer elements of the present disclosure exhibit high and adjustable shrinkage. The double-network polymeric elements of the present disclosure may shrink 70-80% when wetted. The shrinkage can be adjusted by adjusting the material composition and post-synthesis treatment.