阅读说明：本技术 分段式生物质气化设备 (Sectional type biomass gasification equipment ) 是由 茹斌 曾志伟 郭泗勇 宛政 程文丰 于 2020-07-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及生物质能技术领域,尤其是涉及一种分段式生物质气化设备。包括：热解器,沿所述热解器内物料输送的方向设有第一加热室和第二加热室；气化炉,所述气化炉与所述热解器的出料口连通,所述气化炉内设有燃烧区,所述燃烧区用于使经所述热解器内热解后物料燃烧,并进一步经过炉内炭层还原,以形成燃气,所述燃气经所述气化炉的气体出口与至少一个所述加热室的进口连通,第一加热室的进口用于和发电装置的排烟口连通,第二加热室的进口用于和气化炉的气体出口连接。本申请中的设备,其能够将热解器内热解后的物料通过燃烧区燃烧,且燃烧后的气化气进入到第二加热室内,以对热解器进行加热,不仅可降低能耗,还可提高焦油的去除效果。(The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy, in particular to sectional biomass gasification equipment. The method comprises the following steps: the pyrolysis device is provided with a first heating chamber and a second heating chamber along the material conveying direction in the pyrolysis device; the gasification furnace is communicated with the discharge hole of the pyrolyzer, a combustion area is arranged in the gasification furnace, the combustion area is used for burning materials subjected to pyrolysis in the pyrolyzer and further reducing the materials through a carbon layer in the furnace to form fuel gas, the fuel gas is communicated with at least one inlet of the heating chamber through a gas outlet of the gasification furnace, an inlet of the first heating chamber is used for being communicated with a smoke exhaust port of the power generation device, and an inlet of the second heating chamber is used for being connected with a gas outlet of the gasification furnace. The equipment in this application, it can pass through the combustion area burning with the material after the pyrolysis in the pyrolyzer, and the gasification gas after the burning enters into the second heating chamber in to heat the pyrolyzer, not only can reduce the energy consumption, still can improve the effect of getting rid of tar.)

1. Segmented biomass gasification apparatus, comprising:

the pyrolysis device is provided with a first heating chamber and a second heating chamber along the material conveying direction in the pyrolysis device;

the gasification furnace is communicated with the discharge hole of the pyrolyzer, a combustion area is arranged in the gasification furnace, the combustion area is used for combusting the material pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzer and reducing the material through a carbon layer in the furnace to form fuel gas, and the fuel gas is communicated with the inlet of at least one heating chamber through a gas outlet of the gasification furnace;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the inlet of the first heating chamber is communicated with the smoke outlet of the power generation device, and the inlet of the second heating chamber is connected with the gas outlet of the gasification furnace.

2. The segmented biomass gasification apparatus of claim 1, wherein the combustion zone comprises an air tray disposed within the gasifier proximate to the connection to the pyrolyzer outlet.

3. The staged biomass gasification apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a preheater disposed in the path of the external gas inlet air tray, the preheater being connected to the gas outlet of the gasifier and the outlet of the preheater being in communication with the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers.

4. The staged biomass gasification plant according to claim 3, wherein a dust collector is provided in the path between the outlet of the preheater and the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers, and the dust collector is adapted to remove dust from the combustion gases passing through the path.

5. The segmented biomass gasification facility of claim 1 further comprising a quench tower connected to an outlet of the heating chamber through which the fuel gas passes for reducing the temperature of the fuel gas to ambient temperature.

6. The segmented biomass gasification plant of claim 5, wherein the quench tower comprises a main tower body and a mist eliminator and a spray thrower disposed within the main tower body, the mist eliminator being located above the spray thrower, an air inlet of the main tower body being located below the spray thrower, and an air outlet of the main tower body being located above the mist eliminator.

7. The staged biomass gasification apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a circulation device comprising an air cooling tower connected to the exit port of the quench tower, a liquid reservoir connected to the air cooling tower, and a spray pump for supplying liquid in the liquid reservoir to the sprayer.

8. The staged biomass gasification facility of claim 7, further comprising a condenser connected to the outlet of the main tower for removing moisture from the flue gas passing through the quench tower.

9. The segmented biomass gasification facility of claim 8 wherein the inlet port of the first heating chamber is adapted to communicate with the exhaust port of an internal combustion engine, and wherein the combustion gases passing through the condenser enter the internal combustion engine to provide fuel to the internal combustion engine.

10. The segmented biomass gasification device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a material conveying device, wherein the material conveying device comprises a storage bin, a bucket elevator for providing materials for the storage bin, and a blanking pipe, the storage bin is connected with the blanking pipe through a material conveyor, and the blanking pipe is provided with a gas lock for preventing gas in the pyrolyzer from flowing to the storage bin.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy, in particular to sectional biomass gasification equipment.

Background

The most main bottleneck for restricting the large-scale application of the current biomass gasification power generation technology is the tar problem of the generated gasification gas. The tar content generally varies from several grams per cubic meter of standard gas to several tens of grams, depending on the gasification form and feedstock. The most significant components in tar are oxygen-containing compounds such as phenols (phenol, guaiacol, etc.), and the second is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, etc.) with a content that is one order of magnitude lower. The substances are easy to condense in the conveying pipeline, so that a series of problems such as pipeline blockage, valve blockage, metal corrosion, fan stalling and the like are caused, and the system is stopped. The excessively high tar content is difficult to burn out in the internal combustion engine, forms carbon black and other particles, and causes great damage to gasification gas power generation equipment.

The traditional biomass gasification system is a coal gasification mode for reference, and is divided into three types, namely a downdraft type, an updraft type and a fluidized bed (mainly a bubbling fluidized bed), wherein the content of the generated tar can reach 1000mg/Nm³、100000mg/Nm³And 10000mg/Nm³Are all far higher than the current mainstream internal combustion engine set by 50mg/Nm³The intake air requirement of (1). Therefore, the traditional gasification systems are all provided with complex gasification gas purification systems to remove tar in the gasification gas, but the traditional systems have high energy consumption and poor tar removal effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a sectional type biomass gasification equipment, it can pass through the combustion zone burning with the material after the pyrolysis in the pyrolyzer, and the gasification gas after the burning further enters into the second heating chamber through the reduction of stove interior charcoal layer to heat the pyrolyzer, so not only can reduce the energy consumption, still can improve the effect of getting rid of tar.

In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a segmented biomass gasification apparatus, comprising:

the pyrolysis device is provided with a first heating chamber and a second heating chamber along the material conveying direction in the pyrolysis device;

the gasification furnace is communicated with the discharge hole of the pyrolyzer, a combustion area is arranged in the gasification furnace, the combustion area is used for combusting the materials pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzer to form fuel gas, and the fuel gas is communicated with the inlet of at least one heating chamber through a gas outlet of the gasification furnace;

the inlet of the first heating chamber is communicated with the smoke outlet of the power generation device, and the inlet of the second heating chamber is connected with the gas outlet of the gasification furnace.

According to the sectional type biomass gasification equipment, the heating chamber is arranged along the material conveying direction in the pyrolyzer to pyrolyze the materials in the pyrolyzer, the pyrolyzed materials enter the gasification furnace, and the combustion zone is arranged at the communication position of the gasification furnace and the pyrolyzer and can enable the materials entering the gasification furnace and pyrolyzed to be combusted and further reformed and reduced by the carbon layer in the gasification furnace, so that tar after the materials are pyrolyzed is removed; in addition, the material entering pyrolysis generates high-temperature fuel gas after being combusted, the high-temperature fuel gas is communicated with an inlet of a second heating chamber, and the second heating chamber enables the temperature of the material in the pyrolyzer corresponding to the heating chamber to rise to 400-600 ℃, so that the material in the pyrolyzer generates volatile matters and semicoke and enters a gasification furnace to be reacted by a combustion zone; the inlet of the first heating chamber can be communicated with the smoke outlet of the power generation device, the smoke of the power generation device provides a heat source for the first heating chamber, the first heating chamber enables the temperature of materials in the pyrolyzer corresponding to the heating chamber to be increased to be more than 250 ℃, therefore, the smoke generated by the power generation device can be further utilized, similarly, the fuel gas generated by the gasification furnace enters the second heating chamber from the inlet of the second heating chamber, so that the heat in the fuel gas can be further utilized, the mode can be used for enabling the heat for pyrolyzing the materials in the pyrolyzer to be a reusable energy source, and therefore, the independent heat source is not needed to be provided for the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber, the sensible heat in the fuel gas can be effectively utilized, and the overall heat efficiency of the system can be further improved.

And the inlet of the first heating chamber and the inlet of the second heating chamber are both communicated with the gas outlet of the gasification furnace.

Preferably, the combustion zone comprises an air tray, and the air tray is arranged in the gasification furnace and close to a connecting part with the discharge hole of the pyrolyzer.

Preferably, the gasification furnace further comprises a preheater arranged on a path of an external air inlet air disc, the preheater is connected with a gas outlet of the gasification furnace, and an air outlet of the preheater is communicated with an inlet of at least one heating chamber.

Preferably, a dust remover is arranged on a path between the air outlet of the preheater and the inlet of at least one heating chamber, and the dust remover is used for removing dust of the fuel gas passing through the path.

Preferably, the gas cooling device further comprises a chilling tower which is connected with an outlet of the heating chamber through which the gas passes and is used for reducing the temperature of the gas to the normal temperature.

Preferably, the chilling tower includes the main tower body and sets up in defroster and spray thrower in the main tower body, the defroster is located the top of spray thrower, the air inlet of main tower body is located the spray thrower below, the gas outlet of main tower body is located the top of defroster.

Preferably, the system further comprises a circulating device, wherein the circulating device comprises an air cooling tower connected with the liquid outlet of the chilling tower, a liquid storage connected with the air cooling tower, and a spraying pump used for supplying liquid in the liquid storage to the sprayer.

Preferably, the gas chilling system further comprises a condenser connected with the gas outlet of the main tower body, and the condenser is used for removing moisture in the gas passing through the chilling tower.

Preferably, the air inlet of the first heating chamber is used for communicating with an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine, and the fuel gas passing through the condenser enters the internal combustion engine to provide fuel for the internal combustion engine.

Preferably, still include material conveyor, material conveyor includes the feed bin, provides the bucket elevator of material for the feed bin, and the unloading pipe, the feed bin with connect through material conveyer between the unloading pipe, just be equipped with the airlock that is used for preventing the gaseous flow direction feed bin in the pyrolyzer on the unloading pipe.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sectional biomass gasification facility according to an embodiment of the present application;

icon: 1-bucket elevator; 2-a storage bin; 3-a blanking pipe; 4-a pyrolyzer; 5-gasifying the furnace; 51-air pan; 6-a spiral output device; 7-a dust remover; 8-a preheater; 9-a blower; 10-a chilling tower; 11-an air cooling tower; 12-a spray pump; 13-a condenser; 14-a first heating chamber; 15-second heating chamber.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a segmented biomass gasification apparatus, including:

the pyrolysis device 4 is provided with a first heating chamber 14 and a second heating chamber 15 along the material conveying direction in the pyrolysis device 4;

the gasification furnace 5 is communicated with the discharge hole of the pyrolyzer 4, a combustion area is arranged in the gasification furnace 5 and is used for combusting the material pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzer 4 to form fuel gas, and the fuel gas is communicated with the inlet of at least one heating chamber through a gas outlet of the gasification furnace 5;

the inlet of the first heating chamber 14 is used for being communicated with the smoke outlet of the power generation device, and the inlet of the second heating chamber 15 is used for being connected with the gas outlet of the gasification furnace 5.

According to the sectional type biomass gasification equipment, the heating chamber is arranged along the conveying direction of materials in the pyrolyzer 4 so as to pyrolyze the materials in the pyrolyzer 4, the pyrolyzed materials enter the gasification furnace 5, and the communicated part of the gasification furnace 5 and the pyrolyzer 4 is provided with the combustion area which can combust the pyrolyzed materials entering the gasification furnace 5, so that tar after the materials are pyrolyzed is removed; in addition, because the inlet of the first heating chamber 14 is connected with the smoke outlet of the power generation device, when the materials in the pyrolyzer 4 are pyrolyzed, the smoke generated by the power generation device provides a heat source for the first heating chamber 14, the first heating chamber 14 raises the temperature of the materials in the pyrolyzer 4 corresponding to the heating chamber to more than 250 ℃, the inlet of the second heating chamber 15 is connected with high-temperature fuel gas generated by the combustion of the pyrolyzed materials, the second heating chamber 15 raises the temperature of the materials in the pyrolyzer 4 corresponding to the heating chamber to 400-600 ℃, so that the materials in the pyrolyzer 4 generate volatile matters and semicoke, and enter the gasification furnace 5 to react in a combustion area; because the inlet of the first heating chamber 14 can be communicated with the smoke outlet of the power generation device, the smoke generated by the power generation device can be further utilized, and similarly, the fuel gas generated by the gasification furnace 5 enters the second heating chamber 15 from the inlet of the second heating chamber 15, so that the heat in the fuel gas can be further utilized. It should be noted that the number of the heating chambers may be two, three or four, and the specific requirement is adjusted according to the usage, as long as it is satisfied that the temperature of the material in the pyrolyzer 4 can be gradually raised along the material conveying direction in the pyrolyzer.

The temperature of the high-temperature fuel gas is generally about 750 ℃.

As an alternative, the combustion zone comprises an air tray 51, and the air tray 51 is arranged in the gasification furnace 5 near the connection with the discharge port of the pyrolyzer 4. Wherein, the air disc 51 is including the coil pipe and be equipped with a plurality of spouts on the coil pipe, and still be equipped with the air inlet that is used for with outside gas intercommunication on the coil pipe to make air or oxygen get into, so that the position at coil pipe place forms the combustion area, and the material part after the pyrolysis is reacted in combustion area department, makes the desorption of partial tar.

It should be noted that a fire grate, an ash bin and a spiral output device 6 are further arranged in the gasification furnace 5, wherein the fire grate, the ash bin and the spiral output device 6 are sequentially arranged below the air disc 51, unreacted materials passing through the air disc 51 are accumulated on the fire grate, and after a carbon reduction reaction layer is formed on the fire grate, the materials enter the ash bin from the fire grate and are discharged by the spiral output device 6 on the premise of ensuring the accumulation height of the carbon layer and the stable pressure difference.

As an alternative, the system further comprises a preheater 8 arranged on the path of the external air inlet air disk 51, wherein the preheater 8 is connected with the gas outlet of the gasification furnace 5, and the gas outlet of the preheater 8 is communicated with the inlet of at least one heating chamber. In this way, the preheater 8 is located on the path of the air entering the air plate 51, and the fuel gas passes through the preheater 8 when entering the inlet of the at least one heating chamber, and then heats the air passing through the preheater 8, so that the temperature of the fuel gas is reduced to 550-650 ℃ while the air passing through the preheater 8 reaches 350-500 ℃.

It should be noted that a blower 9 is provided at one side of the preheater 8, and the blower 9 is communicated with the presetter for supplying the external air to the air plate 51.

As an alternative, a dust remover 7 is arranged on the path between the air outlet of the preheater 8 and the inlet of at least one heating chamber, and the dust remover 7 is used for removing dust from the fuel gas passing through the path. Wherein, the dust remover 7 is a cyclone dust remover 7, and the cyclone dust remover 7 is used for removing dust in the fuel gas, so that the purity of the fuel gas is higher, and gasified gas is formed.

It should be noted that, depending on the ash content in the material, the dust separator 7 may be a single-stage cyclone or a double-stage cyclone.

As an alternative, a chilling tower 10 is further included, and the chilling tower 10 is connected with an outlet of a heating chamber through which the fuel gas passes, so as to reduce the temperature of the fuel gas to the normal temperature.

As an optional mode, the chilling tower 10 includes a main tower body, and a demister and a sprayer which are arranged in the main tower body, the demister is located above the sprayer, an air inlet of the main tower body is located below the sprayer, and an air outlet of the main tower body is located above the demister. Wherein, the spray thrower is a plurality of, and a plurality of spray throwers set gradually along the direction of height of quench tower 10, and because of the air inlet is located the spray thrower below, the direction of height upward movement along quench tower 10 of gasification gas, spray thrower spun cooling water along the direction of height downstream of quench tower 10 to cool off gasification gas, and the setting of defroster can absorb and carry out the condensation and collect because of the spray thrower produces steam to the gasification gas cooling.

Optionally, the system further comprises a circulating device, wherein the circulating device comprises an air cooling tower 11 connected with the liquid outlet of the chilling tower 10, a liquid storage connected with the air cooling tower 11, and a spray pump 12 for supplying the liquid in the liquid storage to the sprayer. After the chilling tower 10 cools the gasified gas, water sprayed by the sprayer enters the air cooling tower 11, the air cooling tower 11 cools the water entering the air cooling tower, the cooled water enters the liquid storage, and the liquid in the liquid storage is input into the sprayer through the spraying pump 12, so that the liquid is recycled.

As an alternative, the gas chilling system further comprises a condenser 13 connected with the gas outlet of the main tower body, and the condenser 13 is used for removing moisture in the gas passing through the chilling tower 10. The gasified gas is relatively high in moisture content due to the cooling process, the gasified gas enters the condenser 13, water drops in the gasified gas can be removed by the condenser 13, and a cold source of the condenser 13 can be air cooling or circulating water cooling.

Alternatively, the air inlet of the first heating chamber 14 is used for communicating with the exhaust outlet of an internal combustion engine, and the fuel gas passing through the condenser 13 enters the internal combustion engine to provide fuel for the internal combustion engine. In this arrangement, the fuel of the internal combustion engine is vaporized by the condensation of the condenser 13, and the flue gas generated by the internal combustion engine is the heat source of the first heating chamber 14, so that the heat is utilized to the maximum.

As an optional mode, still include material conveyor, material conveyor includes feed bin 2, the bucket elevator 1 that provides the material for feed bin 2, and unloading pipe 3, feed bin 2 with connect through the material conveyer between the unloading pipe 3, just be equipped with the airlock that is used for preventing the gaseous flow direction feed bin 2 in the pyrolyzer 4 on the unloading pipe 3. The gas lock can prevent gas generated after pyrolysis of materials in the pyrolyzer 4 from flowing back into the storage bin 2.

In the specific implementation process, the bucket elevator 1 conveys materials into the bin 2, the materials in the bin 2 are conveyed into the pyrolyzer 4 through the material conveyor, a first heating chamber 14 and a second heating chamber 15 are arranged along the conveying direction of the materials in the pyrolyzer 4, the first heating chamber 14 and the second heating chamber 15 are arranged adjacently, the first heating chamber 14 is used for heating the materials in the pyrolyzer 4 to more than 250 ℃, the second heating chamber 15 is used for heating the materials in the pyrolyzer 4 to 400-600 ℃, the heated materials firstly enter a combustion area of the gasifier 5, the combustion area removes tar parts in the pyrolyzed materials and generates crude fuel gas, unreacted semicoke is accumulated on a grate at the lower part of the gasifier 5 to form a carbon reduction reaction layer, and the reacted carbon is conveyed to an ash bin at the lower part of the gasifier 5 through continuous mechanical action on the grate, and is discharged out of the furnace through a bottom ash-discharging spiral output device 6.

The temperature of the crude fuel gas generated from the lower outlet of the gasification furnace 5 is about 750 ℃, the crude fuel gas enters the dust remover 7 through the pipeline a for dust removal, the gasified gas after dust removal enters the preheater 8 through the pipeline b to heat the air entering the preheater 8 from the pipeline d and entering the air disc 51 through the pipeline e, the gasified gas after air heating enters the second heating chamber 15 through the pipeline c and enters the chilling tower 10 through the pipeline f, the chilling tower 10 is provided with a plurality of layers of sprayers, the upper part of the chilling tower is provided with a demister to reduce the temperature of the gasified gas to normal temperature, the water in the chilling tower 10 enters the air cooling tower 11 through the pipeline i, the air cooling tower 11 cools the entering water, the cooled water enters the liquid storage, the spray pump 12 is arranged on the pipeline h between the sprayers and the liquid storage to circulate the liquid, the chilling tower 10 is communicated with the condenser 13 through the pipeline g, the cooled gasified gas enters the condenser 13 through the pipeline g, the condenser 13 removes liquid drops in the gasified gas, so that the gasified gas meets the requirement of supplying fuel for the internal combustion engine, the flue gas combusted by the internal combustion engine enters the first heating chamber 14 through the pipeline j to pyrolyze the materials in the pyrolyzer 4, and the flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet k of the first heating chamber 14 can be used for drying the materials.

It should be noted that the gas discharged from the a pipe and the c pipe and the j pipe may directly supply heat to the second heating chamber 15 and the first heating chamber 14.

In addition, the material can be prepared from construction waste wood, 2 x 2cm in size, and 3500kCal/kg in calorific value under the condition that the water content of the raw material is 20%. After the reaction, the tar content of the gasified gas discharged from the outlet of the condenser 13 was measured by sufficiently cooling with isopropyl alcohol at-20 ℃ and was 50mg/Nm³. The temperature of the crude fuel gas discharged from the pipeline a is 750 ℃, and the average heat value of the fuel gas is 5.5MJ/Nm³The heat efficiency of the system is 83 percent, and the cold gas efficiency is 75 percent.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.