Full-rotational-flow supersonic separation device
阅读说明:本技术 一种全旋流超声速分离装置 (Full-rotational-flow supersonic separation device ) 是由 边江 曹学文 李钰璇 谢振强 郭丹 刘杨 于 2020-06-16 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开了一种全旋流超声速分离装置,其包括外壳以及中心旋流部件。外壳包括直流稳流段、Laval喷管渐缩段以及Laval喷管扩张段等部分。中心旋流部件包括前中心旋流部件以及后中心旋流部件;前中心旋流部件位于直流稳流段和Laval喷管渐缩段内;后中心旋流部件位于Laval喷管扩张段内。当气体进入直流稳流段以及Laval喷管渐缩段后,气流在旋流状态下膨胀,并在到达Laval喷管扩张段后达到超声速,温度压力进一步降低,气体开始发生凝结,这种边旋流边凝结的过程能够有效地减小液滴再蒸发的影响;此外,在Laval喷管扩张段内也设置旋流部件,其旋流能力强且持久,保证了装置的分离效果和分离效率。(The invention discloses a full-cyclone supersonic separation device which comprises a shell and a central cyclone component. The shell comprises a direct current flow stabilizing section, a Laval nozzle reducing section, a Laval nozzle expanding section and the like. The central rotational flow part comprises a front central rotational flow part and a rear central rotational flow part; the front central rotational flow component is positioned in the direct current steady flow section and the Laval nozzle reducing section; the rear central rotational flow component is positioned in the expansion section of the Laval nozzle. When gas enters the direct current steady flow section and the Laval nozzle reducing section, the gas flow expands in a rotational flow state, and reaches an ultrasonic speed after reaching the Laval nozzle expanding section, the temperature and the pressure are further reduced, the gas begins to condense, and the influence of liquid drop re-evaporation can be effectively reduced in the process of condensing while rotating flow; in addition, a cyclone component is also arranged in the Laval nozzle expansion section, the cyclone capacity is strong and durable, and the separation effect and the separation efficiency of the device are ensured.)
1. A full-cyclone supersonic separation device is characterized by comprising a shell and a central cyclone component;
the shell comprises a steady flow contraction section and a diffusion separation section which are sequentially connected from front to back;
the steady flow contraction section comprises a straight pipe steady flow section and a Laval nozzle reducing section;
the straight pipe steady flow section is positioned at the front side of the converging section of the Laval nozzle and is connected with the converging section of the Laval nozzle;
the straight pipe steady flow section adopts a columnar structure; the Laval nozzle reducing section adopts a Vitosynes curve structure, namely the Laval nozzle reducing section gradually shrinks towards the diffusion separation section according to the Vitosynes curve by taking the joint of the Laval nozzle reducing section and the straight pipe steady flow section as a starting point;
the diffusion separation section comprises a Laval nozzle expansion section, an annular liquid collecting tank and a secondary diffusion section;
the Laval nozzle expansion section is connected with the Laval nozzle reducing section;
the Laval nozzle expansion section adopts a conical structure, namely the expansion trend is gradually formed from front to back;
the annular liquid collecting tank and the secondary diffusion section are nested into a whole, and the annular liquid collecting tank is positioned on the outer side of the secondary diffusion section;
the annular liquid collecting tank is coaxially connected with the secondary diffusion section;
the integral body consisting of the annular liquid collecting tank and the secondary diffusion section is positioned at the rear side of the Laval nozzle expansion section, and the Laval nozzle expansion section is connected with the integral body consisting of the annular liquid collecting tank and the secondary diffusion section;
the straight pipe flow stabilizing section, the Laval nozzle reducing section, the Laval nozzle expanding section and the annular liquid collecting tank are coaxially connected;
the central rotational flow part comprises a front central rotational flow part and a rear central rotational flow part; the front central rotational flow component is positioned in the straight pipe flow stabilizing section and the Laval nozzle reducing section, and the rear central rotational flow component is positioned in the Laval nozzle expanding section;
the front central rotational flow component comprises a front rotational flow blade support body and a plurality of front rotational flow blades;
the front part of the front end rotational flow blade support body is positioned in the straight pipe steady flow section and is in a semi-ellipsoid shape; the rear part of the front-end swirl vane support body is positioned in the Laval nozzle reducing section and has a shape matched with the Laval nozzle reducing section;
each front-end swirl vane is respectively arranged on the front surface of the front-end swirl vane supporting body; the outermost side of the front-end swirl blade is in contact with the inner surface of the straight pipe flow stabilizing section, and the outermost side of the front-end swirl blade is clamped on the inner surface of the straight pipe flow stabilizing section;
the rear central rotational flow component comprises a rear rotational flow blade support body and a plurality of rear rotational flow blades;
the rear end rotational flow blade supporting body is connected with the front end rotational flow blade supporting body;
the rear end rotational flow blade support body adopts a straight rod structure, and the length of the rear end rotational flow blade support body is equal to that of the Laval nozzle expansion section;
each rear-end swirl vane is sequentially installed along the length direction of the rear-end swirl vane support body, and the size of each rear-end swirl vane is sequentially increased from front to back along the length direction of the rear-end swirl vane support body.
2. Full-cyclone supersonic separation device according to claim 1,
the rear end of the steady flow contraction section is connected with the front end of the diffusion separation section through a flange.
3. Full-cyclone supersonic separation device according to claim 1,
the rear end outlet of the Laval nozzle reducing section and the front end inlet section radius of the Laval nozzle expanding section are the same.
4. Full-cyclone supersonic separation device according to claim 1,
the annular liquid collecting groove comprises an annular liquid collecting groove outer side wall and an annular liquid collecting groove inner side wall; the front end of the outer side wall of the annular liquid collecting groove is connected with the rear end of the Laval nozzle expansion section; the front end of the inner side wall of the annular liquid collecting groove is connected with the front end of the secondary diffusion section.
5. Full-cyclone supersonic separation device according to claim 1 or 4,
the secondary diffusion section is in a circular truncated cone shape, and the opening angle of the secondary diffusion section is the same as that of the Laval nozzle expansion section.
6. Full-cyclone supersonic separation device according to claim 1,
the curve of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle meets the following equation:
wherein x represents the axial distance from the front to the back calculated from the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle;
wherein x at the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle is 0;
r represents the cross-sectional radius at axial distance x of the Laval nozzle tapered section;
l is the length of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle;
r1the radius of the cross section of the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle; r iscrIs the section radius of the outlet at the rear end of the tapered section of the Laval nozzle.
7. Full-cyclone supersonic separation device according to claim 6,
the length of the Laval nozzle expansion section satisfies the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,the opening angle of the expansion section of the Laval nozzle;
r2the cross section radius of the outlet of the expansion section of the Laval nozzle is shown; l2Indicating the length of the Laval nozzle flare.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low-temperature condensation and cyclone separation, and particularly relates to a full-cyclone supersonic separation device which is particularly suitable for low-temperature condensation and cyclone separation of impurity components such as water vapor, acid gas and heavy hydrocarbon of natural gas.
Background
In the field of natural gas exploitation, natural gas which is exploited at present is often saturated by water vapor and contains some heavy hydrocarbon components, and in order to meet the requirements of natural gas transportation and use, the water vapor, acid gas and the heavy hydrocarbon components must be separated.
Conventional natural gas separation processes include cooling, chemical absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation. However, these separation processes all have various disadvantages in the natural gas separation process, and there is a need to provide a new natural gas separation method.
The supersonic cyclone separation technology is a great innovation in the field of natural gas processing.
The supersonic cyclone separation technology combines the gas dynamics, engineering thermodynamics and hydromechanics theories, and the processing processes of expansion and temperature reduction, cyclone gas/liquid separation, recompression and the like are completed in a closed and compact device.
The separation technology has the advantages of simplicity, reliability, tightness, no leakage, no need of medicament, support of unattended operation and the like.
According to the installation position division of the cyclone component, the traditional supersonic cyclone separation device is mainly divided into the following two types:
the first is to install the cyclone part on the supersonic section behind the nozzle to generate cyclone, and the supersonic cyclone separation device with the structure has the following technical problems when natural gas separation is carried out:
because the speed conversion occurs under the supersonic speed condition, when the airflow meets the rotational flow component, shock waves are easily generated due to sudden change of the flow area, the low-temperature and low-pressure environment is damaged, secondary evaporation of condensed liquid drops is caused, and the separation efficiency of the device is reduced;
secondly, a rotational flow component is arranged at the inlet of the spray pipe, so that the gas enters the spray pipe in a rotational flow mode to be expanded and cooled, although the structure can effectively avoid the secondary evaporation of liquid drops, the following technical problems exist in the practical use:
due to the influence of the internal friction resistance of the supersonic separation device, the rotational flow speed of the supersonic separation device is obviously reduced along with the flowing of the gas, the separation effect of the supersonic separation device is reduced, and the condensed liquid drops are discharged along with the dry gas instead of being separated.
In addition, the shells of the two supersonic cyclone separation devices are integrally processed. When the integrally processed supersonic cyclone separation device is actually used, the following defects exist:
(1) the processing is difficult; (2) the contraction section and the diffusion section of the supersonic cyclone separation device are fixedly connected, so that free matching of the contraction section and the diffusion section of different types cannot be realized, and the adaptive working condition range of the device is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a full-cyclone supersonic separation device, so that the low-temperature condensation and cyclone separation effects of impurity components such as water vapor, acid gas and heavy hydrocarbon of natural gas can be effectively improved, and the separation efficiency of the device can be improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a full-cyclone supersonic separation device comprises a shell and a central cyclone component;
the shell comprises a steady flow contraction section and a diffusion separation section which are sequentially connected from front to back;
the steady flow contraction section comprises a straight pipe steady flow section and a Laval nozzle reducing section;
the straight pipe steady flow section is positioned at the front side of the Laval nozzle reducing section and is connected with the Laval nozzle reducing section;
the straight pipe steady flow section adopts a columnar structure; the Laval nozzle reducing section adopts a Vitosynes curve structure, namely the Laval nozzle reducing section gradually shrinks towards the diffusion separation section according to the Vitosynes curve by taking the joint of the Laval nozzle reducing section and the straight pipe steady flow section as a starting point;
the diffusion separation section comprises a Laval nozzle expansion section, an annular liquid collecting tank and a secondary diffusion section;
the Laval nozzle expansion section is connected with the Laval nozzle reducing section;
the Laval nozzle expansion section adopts a conical structure, namely the expansion trend is gradually formed from front to back;
the annular liquid collecting tank and the secondary diffusion section are nested into a whole, and the annular liquid collecting tank is positioned on the outer side of the secondary diffusion section;
the annular liquid collecting tank is coaxially connected with the secondary diffusion section;
the integral body consisting of the annular liquid collecting tank and the secondary diffusion section is positioned at the rear side of the Laval nozzle expansion section, and the Laval nozzle expansion section is connected with the integral body consisting of the annular liquid collecting tank and the secondary diffusion section;
the straight pipe flow stabilizing section, the Laval nozzle reducing section, the Laval nozzle expanding section and the annular liquid collecting tank are coaxially connected;
the central rotational flow part comprises a front central rotational flow part and a rear central rotational flow part; the front central rotational flow component is positioned in the straight pipe flow stabilizing section and the Laval nozzle reducing section, and the rear central rotational flow component is positioned in the Laval nozzle expanding section;
the front central rotational flow component comprises a front rotational flow blade support body and a plurality of front rotational flow blades;
the front part of the front end rotational flow blade support body is positioned in the straight pipe steady flow section and is in a semi-ellipsoid shape; the rear part of the front end swirl vane support body is positioned in the Laval nozzle reducing section and has a shape matched with the Laval nozzle reducing section;
each front-end swirl vane is respectively arranged on the front surface of the front-end swirl vane supporting body; the outermost side of the front-end swirl blade is in contact with the inner surface of the straight pipe flow stabilizing section, and the outermost side of the front-end swirl blade is clamped on the inner surface of the straight pipe flow stabilizing section;
the rear central rotational flow component comprises a rear rotational flow blade support body and a plurality of rear rotational flow blades;
the rear end rotational flow blade supporting body is connected with the front end rotational flow blade supporting body;
the length of the rear end rotational flow blade support body is equal to that of the Laval nozzle expansion section;
each rear-end swirl vane is installed along the length direction of rear-end swirl vane supporter in proper order, and along the length direction of rear-end swirl vane supporter, each rear-end swirl vane's size increases by preceding back in proper order.
Preferably, the rear end of the steady flow contraction section is connected with the front end of the diffusion separation section through a flange.
Preferably, the cross-sectional radius of the outlet at the rear end of the converging section of the Laval nozzle is the same as the cross-sectional radius of the inlet at the front end of the diverging section of the Laval nozzle.
Preferably, the annular sump comprises an annular sump outer side wall and an annular sump inner side wall; the front end of the outer side wall of the annular liquid collecting groove is connected with the rear end of the Laval nozzle expansion section; the front end of the inner side wall of the annular liquid collecting groove is connected with the front end of the secondary diffusion section.
Preferably, the secondary diffusion section is in a shape of a circular truncated cone, and the opening angle of the secondary diffusion section is the same as that of the Laval nozzle expansion section.
Preferably, the curve of the converging section of the Laval nozzle satisfies the following equation:
wherein x represents the axial distance from the front to the back at the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle;
wherein x at the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle is 0;
r represents the cross-sectional radius at axial distance x of the Laval nozzle tapered section;
l is the length of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle;
r1the radius of the cross section of the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle; r iscrIs the section radius of the outlet at the rear end of the tapered section of the Laval nozzle.
Preferably, the length of the Laval nozzle flare satisfies the following equation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the opening angle of the expansion section of the Laval nozzle;r2the cross section radius of the outlet of the expansion section of the Laval nozzle is shown; l2Is the length of the Laval nozzle expansion segment.
The invention has the following advantages:
as mentioned above, the present invention is directed to a full-cyclone supersonic separation apparatus comprising a housing and a central cyclone member. The outer shell comprises a direct current flow stabilizing section, a Laval nozzle reducing section, a Laval nozzle expanding section and the like. The central rotational flow part comprises a front central rotational flow part and a rear central rotational flow part; wherein, the front central rotational flow component is positioned in the direct current steady flow section and the Laval nozzle reducing section; the rear central rotational flow component is positioned in the expansion section of the Laval nozzle. When gas enters the direct current steady flow section and the Laval nozzle reducing section, the gas flow expands in a rotational flow state, and reaches an ultrasonic speed after reaching the Laval
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a full-cyclone supersonic separation device in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing of the full-cyclone supersonic separation device in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is an internal cross-sectional view of a full-cyclone supersonic separation apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a central cyclone component of the full cyclone supersonic separation device in the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, 1-steady flow contraction section, 2-diffusion separation section, 3-direct current steady flow section, 4-Laval nozzle reducing section, 5-Laval nozzle expanding section, 6-annular liquid collecting tank, 7-secondary diffusion section, 8-flange and 9-outermost point of front end swirl vane;
10-annular liquid collecting groove outer side wall, 11-annular liquid collecting groove inner side wall, 12-front central cyclone component, 13-rear central cyclone component, 14-front end cyclone blade supporting body, 15-front end cyclone blade, 16-rear end cyclone blade supporting body and 17-rear end cyclone blade.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
as shown in FIG. 1, a full-cyclone supersonic separator comprises a shell, a central cyclone component and the like. Wherein, the shell comprises a steady flow contraction section 1 and a diffusion separation section 2 which are connected in sequence, as shown in fig. 2.
The left end in fig. 1 is defined as the front end of the separation device, and the steady flow contraction section 1 is located at the front side of the diffusion separation section 2.
The central cyclone component is positioned in the shell, namely in the steady flow contraction section 1 and the diffusion separation section 2.
The steady flow contraction section 1 comprises a straight pipe
The straight pipe
The straight tube
The Laval
Through the structural design of the Laval
The curve for the Laval nozzle tapered
wherein x represents the axial distance from the front to the back at the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle;
wherein x at the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle is 0;
r represents the cross-sectional radius at axial distance x of the Laval nozzle tapered section; l is the length of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle;
r1the radius of the cross section of the inlet of the convergent section of the Laval nozzle; r iscrIs the section radius of the outlet at the rear end of the tapered section of the Laval nozzle.
As shown in fig. 2, the diffuser separation section 2 comprises a Laval
The Laval
The rear end outlet of the Laval nozzle tapered
For convenience of processing and assembly, the rear end of the steady flow contraction section 1 (namely the rear end outlet of the Laval nozzle reducing section 4) is connected with the front end of the diffusion separation section 2 (namely the front end inlet of the Laval nozzle expanding section 5) by a flange 8.
The three parts of the steady flow contraction section 1, the diffusion separation section 2 and the central cyclone component can be respectively processed, assembled and used, so that the free matching of the steady flow contraction section 1, the diffusion separation section 2 and the central cyclone component in different models can be realized.
In addition, the self-regulation of refrigeration, rotational flow and diffusion can be realized simultaneously by the assembly type combination mode.
The following principle analysis is carried out on the technical effects brought by the assembled combination mode structure:
refrigeration
The steady flow contraction section 1 and the diffusion separation section 2 can jointly realize the refrigeration function;
when changing their radius, length, etc., the corresponding refrigeration performance, i.e., the temperature drop that the gas can achieve, differs in that the larger the radius, the shorter the length, the steeper the profile, i.e., the more rapid the contraction and expansion, and the faster the gas temperature drop.
② whirl
Different screw pitches correspond to different rotational flow strengths, and the larger the rotational flow strength is, the more thorough the liquid drop separation can be realized.
Diffusion
The function of the diffuser is mainly to recover a part of the pressure as a power source for the gas transport in the pipeline downstream of the separation device.
For example: impurities contained in the gas that are normally treated include water vapor, acid gases, and heavy hydrocarbons, but the natural gas produced from the off-gas field varies widely in composition, while in practice the acid gases are at a much lower temperature than is required for condensation of the water vapor.
If the acid gas content of the gas to be treated is high, a spray pipe with strong refrigerating performance needs to be selected;
if the radius of the condensed liquid drops is not large enough, a central cyclone component with high cyclone strength is needed, so that the central cyclone component can provide larger centrifugal separation capacity;
if the pressure required downstream of the separation device is high, a diffuser section with a large pressure recovery capacity is required.
Therefore, according to the different requirements, the three of the steady flow contraction section 1, the diffusion separation section 2 and the central rotational flow component need to be selected, and the assembly structure in the embodiment can realize free matching of the three in different models.
For the Laval nozzle
The length of the
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the opening angle of the expansion section of the Laval nozzle;r2is represented by LaThe cross-sectional radius of the exit of the expansion section of the val nozzle; l2Is the length of the Laval nozzle expansion segment.
Laval nozzle principle: after the gas enters the Laval
after the gas enters the Laval
The annular
The whole composed of the annular
In particular, the
The front end of the inner side wall 11 of the annular liquid collecting groove is connected with the front end of the
Through the structural design, the connection of the annular
The annular
The straight pipe
As shown in fig. 4, the center cyclone part includes a front
Wherein the front central
The forward
As shown in FIG. 3, the front part of the front end
The rear of the forward
Each of the
Taking one of the
The inner and outer sides are relative to the front end swirl vanes, wherein the mounting side of the front end swirl vanes is the inner side.
The installation of the whole central rotational flow component is facilitated by clamping the front-end
The rear
The rear swirl
In the embodiment, the rear swirl
Each rear-
Because the continuous rotational flow blades are arranged in the separating device of the embodiment along the length direction of the separating device, a continuous, stable and lasting rotational flow field is formed in the straight pipe
Through the rear
the size of the blade, i.e. the size of the blade (the height of a single blade in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction in fig. 4), is larger, i.e. the height above the axial direction of the rear central swirling
the blade pitch is the distance between two adjacent blades (i.e. the distance between two adjacent blades in the axial direction in fig. 4), and the smaller the pitch between two adjacent blades is, i.e. the more twisted the blade swirl is, the stronger the swirl field obtained by the gas is.
The
The installation process of the separation device in this embodiment is as follows:
firstly, inserting a central rotational flow component from the front side of the steady flow contraction section 1 (namely, inserting from the left side in the figure 3), and then sleeving a diffusion separation section 2 on the central rotational flow component from back to front (namely, from right to left in the figure 3);
and finally, connecting the joint of the steady flow contraction section 1 and the diffusion separation section 2 by using a flange 8.
The three components are simple in structure and convenient to assemble, and free matching among different models of the three components can be achieved according to requirements.
The working principle of the full-cyclone supersonic separation device in the embodiment is as follows:
after entering a separation device, natural gas containing impurities firstly flows through a straight pipe
In the embodiment, the front-
in the two traditional supersonic cyclone separation devices, the cyclone blades are mounted at the front end of the separation device or at the rear end of the separation device, so that the separation capability is not durable, and the cyclone strength of a certain section in the separation device can be maintained.
The full-cyclone separation device provided by the invention is provided with the cyclone blades in the whole separation device, and the cyclone capacity of the separation device is strong and durable through the combined use of the front-
The strong cyclone capacity can ensure that the centrifugal force applied to liquid drops in the gas is larger, and the liquid drops are more easily thrown to the wall surface of the shell of the separation device (namely, the Laval nozzle expansion section 5) and collected, so that the separation effect and the separation efficiency of the device are effectively improved.
It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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