阅读说明：本技术 一种基于pin二极管开关的宽带方向图可重构天线 (Broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on PIN diode switch ) 是由 吴凡 向蕾 洪伟 于 2021-06-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于PIN二极管开关的宽带方向图可重构天线,所述天线包括磁电偶极子辐射单元、介质基板、反射地板、绝缘支撑螺柱,金属螺丝、Γ型探针馈电结构、直流偏置电路、PIN二极管以及贴片电容。介质基板一侧蚀刻磁电偶极子辐射单元的平面电偶极子结构以及直流偏置电路。平面电偶极子蚀刻为长度不等的三段,其缝隙中置入PIN二极管。贴片电容置入直流偏置电路中以隔断交流电流。本发明组建的方向图可重构天线具有结构简单,重量轻,宽带宽等优点,通过控制四组PIN二极管开关的通断,能实现三种不同方向图的工作模式。(The invention discloses a broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on a PIN diode switch, which comprises a magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit, a dielectric substrate, a reflection floor, an insulating support stud, a metal screw, a gamma-shaped probe feed structure, a direct current bias circuit, a PIN diode and a patch capacitor. And a planar electric dipole structure and a direct current bias circuit of the magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit are etched on one side of the dielectric substrate. The planar electric dipole is etched into three sections with different lengths, and PIN diodes are arranged in gaps of the planar electric dipole. The chip capacitor is arranged in the direct current bias circuit to cut off alternating current. The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, wide bandwidth and the like, and can realize the working modes of three different directional diagrams by controlling the on-off of four groups of PIN diode switches.)

1. A broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on a PIN diode switch is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit (1), a dielectric substrate (2), a reflection floor (3), an insulating support stud (4), a metal screw (5), an inverted L-shaped probe feed structure (6), a direct current bias circuit (7), a PIN diode (8) and a patch capacitor (9);

the structure on the dielectric substrate (2) is divided into a left part and a right part, and the planar electric dipole structure and the direct current bias circuit (7) of the magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit (1) are etched on the right side of the dielectric substrate (2); a PIN diode (8) is arranged on the left side of the dielectric substrate (2); the chip capacitor (9) is arranged in the direct current bias circuit (7) to cut off alternating current; a gamma-shaped probe feed structure (6) is arranged between the left part and the right part of the dielectric substrate (2); the dielectric substrate (2) and the reflecting floor (3) are connected through an insulating support stud (4).

2. The PIN diode switch based wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planar electric dipole structure of the magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit (1) etched on the right side of the dielectric substrate (2) is divided into three sections with different lengths, and the lengths of the planar electric dipole structure correspond to 0.06, 0.207 and 0.284 of the wavelength in vacuum under the working frequency respectively; the antenna can realize the radiation of three different directional diagrams by changing the same-end state of a PIN diode (8) switch between three horizontal electric dipole patch gaps.

3. The PIN diode switch based wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planar electric dipole structure of the magnetoelectric dipole radiating element (1) etched on the left side of the dielectric substrate (2) is divided into three sections with different lengths.

4. The implementation method of the PIN diode switch-based broadband directional pattern reconfigurable antenna, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: and the direct current bias circuit (7) on the dielectric substrate (2) is respectively connected with a direct current power supply through six direct current wires through via holes on the reflection floor (3).

5. The implementation method of the PIN diode switch-based wideband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the PIN diodes (8) is 4, a first group of PIN diode switches (81) and a second group of PIN diode switches (82) are arranged on the left plane electric dipole structure and are positioned between three sections with different lengths in the plane electric dipole structure, namely, the first group of PIN diode switches (81) are positioned between the first section and the second section, and the second group of PIN diode switches (82) are positioned between the second section and the third section;

the third group of PIN diode switches (83) and the fourth group of PIN diode switches (84) are arranged on the right plane electric dipole structure and are positioned between three sections with different lengths in the plane electric dipole structure, namely, the third group of PIN diode switches (83) are positioned between the first section and the second section, and the fourth group of PIN diode switches (84) are positioned between the second section and the third section.

6. The implementation method of the PIN diode switch-based wideband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the patch capacitors (9) comprise a first patch capacitor (91), a second patch capacitor (92), a third patch capacitor (93), a fourth patch capacitor (94), a fifth patch capacitor (95) and a sixth patch capacitor (96); the first patch capacitor (91), the second patch capacitor (92) and the third patch capacitor (93) are respectively positioned on three sections which are divided into different lengths in the left plane electric dipole structure; and the fourth patch capacitor (94), the fifth patch capacitor (95) and the sixth patch capacitor (96) are respectively positioned on three sections which are divided into different lengths in the right plane electric dipole structure.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication system antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on a PIN diode switch.

Background

With the rapid development of information technology, wireless communication becomes more and more important. In some communication processes, the wireless system needs to adjust the direction of the transmitted signal in time, suppress signals from other directions, or reduce interference noise, which means that the antenna, which is an important component of the wireless communication system, should have timely direction selectivity. A general method for changing the radiation direction of an antenna is to use a phased array antenna technology, but a phased array requires more antenna units and occupies a larger space. The feeding system matched with the antenna is complex, and the required components such as phase shifters, power dividers and the like are large in number and expensive, so that the cost of the system is increased. And the feeding system performance is affected by changes in the working environment and the like, so that the system working performance is deteriorated. The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna can overcome the weaknesses of the traditional phased array antenna, the working frequency of the antenna can be kept unchanged, the directional diagram can be changed timely, and the change of the directional diagram can be easily realized by adjusting loading devices such as a switch and the like.

The switch elements loaded on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna mainly comprise a PIN diode switch, a micro-mechanical system switch (MEMS), a variable capacitance diode and the like, and the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is realized by changing the radiation structure of the antenna by using the elements to switch the working mode of the antenna. The switching speed of these switches is fast, usually within microseconds or even nanoseconds, so that the antenna can achieve pattern reconstruction in a short time.

One of the design difficulties of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is how to solve the problem that the coincidence bandwidth of different radiation modes of the antenna is too narrow. Magneto-electric dipole antennas have been proposed for the first time in 2006, and due to their ultra-wide bandwidth, stable radiation gain and nearly uniform E-plane, H-plane radiation patterns have been extensively studied and applied. Therefore, the design of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna with the broadband reconfigurable directional diagram is very significant.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to realize a broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a reconfigurable radiation pattern and a simple structure, and the antenna has the characteristics of high gain, high radiation efficiency and wide impedance bandwidth in performance, and can be applied to a modern wireless communication system.

The technical scheme is as follows: the broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on the PIN diode switch comprises a magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit, a dielectric substrate, a reflection floor, an insulating support stud, a metal screw, an inverted L-shaped probe feed structure, a direct current bias circuit, a PIN diode and a patch capacitor;

the structure on the dielectric substrate is divided into a left part and a right part, and the planar electric dipole structure and the direct current bias circuit of the magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit are etched on the right side of the dielectric substrate; a PIN diode is arranged on the left side of the dielectric substrate; the chip capacitor is arranged in the direct current bias circuit to cut off alternating current; a gamma-shaped probe feed structure is arranged between the left part and the right part on the dielectric substrate; the dielectric substrate and the reflecting floor are connected through the insulating support studs.

The planar electric dipole structure of the magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit etched on the right side of the dielectric substrate is divided into three sections with different lengths, and the lengths of the planar electric dipole structure correspond to 0.06, 0.207 and 0.284 of the wavelength in vacuum under the working frequency respectively; the antenna can realize the radiation of three different directional diagrams by changing the same-end state of the PIN diode switch between the three horizontal electric dipole patch gaps.

The planar electric dipole structure of the magnetoelectric dipole radiating element etched on the left side of the dielectric substrate is divided into three sections with different lengths.

And the direct current bias circuit on the medium substrate is respectively connected with a direct current power supply through six direct current wires through via holes on the reflection floor.

The number of the PIN diodes is 4, a first group of PIN diode switches and a second group of PIN diode switches are arranged on the left plane electric dipole structure and are positioned between three sections with different lengths in the plane electric dipole structure, namely the first group of PIN diode switches are positioned between the first section and the second section, and the second group of PIN diode switches are positioned between the second section and the third section;

the third group of PIN diode switches and the fourth group of PIN diode switches are arranged on the right plane electric dipole structure and are positioned between three sections which are divided into different lengths in the plane electric dipole structure, namely, the third group of PIN diode switches are positioned between the first section and the second section, and the fourth group of PIN diode switches are positioned between the second section and the third section.

The chip capacitors comprise a first chip capacitor, a second chip capacitor, a third chip capacitor, a fourth chip capacitor, a fifth chip capacitor and a sixth chip capacitor; the first patch capacitor, the second patch capacitor and the third patch capacitor are respectively positioned on three sections which are divided into different lengths in the left plane electric dipole structure; and the fourth patch capacitor, the fifth patch capacitor and the sixth patch capacitor are respectively positioned on three sections which are divided into different lengths in the right plane electric dipole structure.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable effects that: firstly, the antenna provided by the invention has a stable radiation pattern in a frequency band; secondly, the antenna has high radiation gain in a frequency band; thirdly, the antenna is a magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on a complementary antenna concept, and an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole are simultaneously excited, so that large bandwidth can be realized; fourthly, the antenna provided by the invention can realize three working modes with different radiation directional diagrams, and the beam width and the beam direction can be changed along with the change of the working state; fifthly, the antenna can realize three different directional diagrams on the E surface, and the H surface radiation directional diagram of the antenna is unchanged in three working modes. Sixth, the device of the invention has simple structure, easy processing, the antenna is based on metal structure and PCB technology, and the direct current bias current is simple, the processing is simple, the cost is lower, and is beneficial to mass production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on PIN diode switches according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a PIN diode switch based wideband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional structure and a size schematic diagram of a feeding structure of a broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on a PIN diode switch;

FIG. 4 is a measurement of antenna reflection coefficient for a PIN diode switch based wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna operating in mode one of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a measurement of antenna reflection coefficient for a mode two operation of a PIN diode switch based wideband directional pattern reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a measurement of antenna reflection coefficient for a PIN diode switch based wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna operating in mode three according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a measurement of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of a PIN diode switch based wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna of the present invention in mode one operation;

FIG. 8 is a measurement of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of an antenna according to a second mode of operation of a PIN diode switch based wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 9 shows the E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern measurements of a PIN diode switch based wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna in accordance with the present invention under mode three operation;

in the figure, a magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a reflection floor 3, an insulating support stud 4, a metal screw 5, an inverted L-shaped probe feed structure 6, a direct current bias circuit 7, a PIN diode 8, a first group of PIN diode switches 81, a second group of PIN diode switches 82, a third group of PIN diode switches 83, a fourth group of PIN diode switches 84, a patch inductor 9, a first patch inductor 91, a second patch inductor 92, a third patch inductor 93, a fourth patch inductor 94, a fifth patch inductor 95 and a sixth patch inductor 96 are arranged.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on a PIN diode switch, which can be used in a modern point-to-point communication system. The electromagnetic radiation unit comprises a metal structure, a magnetic-electric dipole radiation unit, a metal reflection floor and a dielectric substrate.

The antenna feeds power through a gamma-shaped probe and feeds an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole simultaneously, so that the wide bandwidth is realized. The gamma-shaped probe is connected to the coaxial feed unit through the SMA connector for feeding.

Furthermore, two arms of the plane electric dipole are etched on one side of the dielectric substrate to play a role in fixing. Two arms of the plane electric dipole are respectively divided into three sections with different lengths, four groups of PIN diodes are arranged in gaps of the plane electric dipole, and the antenna can realize three different radiation working states by controlling the on-off states of the PIN diodes.

Furthermore, the direct current bias circuit is etched on one side of the medium substrate and is connected to direct current below the metal floor through a direct current lead so as to play a role in controlling the on-off state of the PIN diode. The chip capacitor is placed in a DC bias circuit to block AC current.

For the purpose of explaining the technical solution disclosed in the present invention in detail, the following description is further made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a broadband directional pattern reconfigurable antenna based on PIN diode switches. The electromagnetic wave radiation unit comprises a magnetoelectric dipole radiation unit 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a reflection floor 3, an insulating support stud 4, a metal screw 5, a gamma-shaped probe feed structure 6, a direct current bias circuit 7, a PIN diode 8 and a patch inductor 9.

The reflective floor 3 is made of aluminum with a thickness of 4 mm, while the antenna vertical wall magnetic dipole 1 and the Γ -type probe feed structure 6 are made of copper with a thickness of 0.5 mm and 0.2 mm. The dimensions of the Γ -type probe feed structure 6 are shown in fig. 3 in millimeters.

The inner conductor of the SMA connector, which is mounted at the bottom of the ground plane, is connected to the Γ probe feed 6 and the outer conductor is soldered to ground. Placing a dielectric substrate 2 on top of the mechanical part, and printing a horizontal electric dipole patch 1, a PIN diode 8, a direct current bias circuit 7 and a direct current blocking inductor on the bottom side of the dielectric substrate 29. The dielectric substrate 2 is made of TYL-5, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 1.575mm, and the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 2.2. Length G of dielectric substrate 2_wIs 183.2mm, width G_LIs 72 mm; the lengths of the three sections of horizontal electric dipole patches 1 are L respectively₁＝8mm，L₂＝27mm，L₃37 mm; their width W is 50mm, the width S of the space between the two arms of the horizontal patch 1 is 26mm, and the height H of the vertical wall of the antenna is 27 mm.

The two horizontal patches 1 of the antenna are divided into three series sections of different lengths. In order to control their electrical connections, four sets of twelve PIN diodes 8 are placed in the gaps between the patches. Thus, four sets of PIN diodes 8 placed on the four gaps between the patches can be controlled by four DC signals, and the switching states of the PIN diodes on the two arms of the planar electric dipole are mirror symmetric about the xoz plane. A dc bias circuit 7 printed on the lower layer of the dielectric substrate is passed through a borehole in the ground by six dc conductors for connecting the dc lines 7 on the dielectric substrate 2 to the battery below the antenna.

The patch capacitor 9 includes a first patch capacitor 91, a second patch capacitor 92, a third patch capacitor 93, a fourth patch capacitor 94, a fifth patch capacitor 95, and a sixth patch capacitor 96, which are respectively embedded in the six dc bias lines 7 to block ac current.

The PIN diode switch 8 comprises a first group of PIN diode switches 81, a second group of PIN diode switches 82, a third group of PIN diode switches 83 and a fourth group of PIN diode switches 84, wherein the first group of PIN diode switches 81 are arranged in a gap between a first section of patch and a second section of patch on the left side arm of the planar electric dipole patch 1; the second group of PIN diode switches 82 is arranged in a gap between the second section of patch and the third section of patch on the left arm of the planar electric dipole patch 1; the third group of PIN diode switches 83 is arranged in a gap between the first section of patch and the second section of patch on the right side arm of the planar electric dipole patch 1; the fourth group of PIN diode switches 84 is placed in the gap between the second section of patches and the third section of patches on the right side arm of the planar electric dipole patch 1.

The reconfigurable characteristic of the antenna radiation pattern can be realized through the state of the PIN diode switch. The radiation pattern and the corresponding conduction state of the PIN diode switch 8 are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 different modes of operation of the antenna

The measurement results of the working bandwidth of the reconfigurable antenna in different working modes are shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, and the three modes cover the frequency band of 1.53-2.6 GHz, so that the reconfigurable antenna has the performance of wide bandwidth. Wireless communication is currently widely applied in this operational frequency band, including 2.45G WiFi, and Lte 4G mobile communication of fourth generation.

The radiation pattern measurement results of the reconfigurable antenna at 2.3GHz in different operating modes are shown in fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9. For modes 1 and 2, the antenna shows a unidirectional radiation pattern in the E-plane, but in mode 2 the radiation pattern shows side lobes in the ± 40 ° direction on the E-plane. For mode 3, the maximum gain direction of the E-plane radiation pattern points to ± 40 ° instead of the normal direction of the antenna. The radiation patterns of the H-plane of the antenna operating in the three modes differ little.

The broadband directional diagram reconfigurable antenna based on the PIN diode switch has the advantages of being ultra wide in bandwidth, stable in gain, stable in directional diagram and simple in structure. The coincidence bandwidth of the three working modes reaches 52 percent, and the ultra-wide bandwidth is the characteristic of the invention. The switch adopts the PIN diode, has the advantages of high response frequency, high response speed, stable work, simple realization and the like, and improves the stability and the accuracy of the system to a great extent. Has wide application prospect.