阅读说明：本技术 一种农业固废生物发酵方法 (Agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method ) 是由 何吉 蒲逵 于 2020-06-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种农业固废生物发酵方法,涉及农业技术领域,具体按照下述进行：将秸秆晒干、粉碎,得到秸秆碎料；将秸秆碎料浸泡,得到湿的秸秆碎料；将秸秆碎料投入分解装置中进行分解,得到被分解的秸秆泥浆；将秸秆泥浆等进行混合,得到发酵原料；将发酵原料送到沼气池发酵,得到沼气发酵混合物；将沼气发酵混合物送入第一缓冲池进行暂存；将沼气发酵混合固液分离,得到沼渣和沼液；将沼渣送到有机肥加工车间加工出有机肥。本发明将秸秆进行前期预处理,破坏了秸秆的细胞壁以使其植物细胞与微生物、降解酶接触,从而利于沼气池中的厌氧微生物与其充分接触,提高微生物对秸秆的降解力以及化效率,继而顺利地进行高效的沼气发酵。(The invention discloses an agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method, which relates to the technical field of agriculture and is specifically carried out according to the following steps: drying and crushing the straws to obtain crushed straws; soaking the crushed straw materials to obtain wet crushed straw materials; putting the crushed straw into a decomposition device for decomposition to obtain decomposed straw slurry; mixing straw slurry and the like to obtain a fermentation raw material; feeding the fermentation raw materials into a methane tank for fermentation to obtain a methane fermentation mixture; conveying the biogas fermentation mixture into a first buffer tank for temporary storage; performing solid-liquid separation on the fermented mixed biogas to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry; and (4) sending the biogas residues to an organic fertilizer processing workshop to process the organic fertilizer. The invention carries out pretreatment on the straws in the early stage, destroys the cell walls of the straws to enable plant cells of the straws to be in contact with microorganisms and degrading enzymes, thereby being beneficial to the anaerobic microorganisms in the methane tank to be in full contact with the straws, improving the degrading force and the degrading efficiency of the microorganisms on the straws and further smoothly carrying out efficient methane fermentation.)

1. An agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, drying the straws in the sun, cutting off and crushing to obtain crushed straws;

s2, soaking the crushed straw to obtain wet crushed straw;

s3, putting the crushed straw into a decomposition device for decomposition to obtain decomposed straw slurry;

s4, feeding the straw slurry, the fresh biogas slurry, the kitchen waste and the animal waste into a mixing tank for mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material;

s5, feeding the fermentation raw materials into a methane tank for anaerobic methane fermentation to obtain a methane fermentation mixture;

s6, conveying the biogas fermentation mixture into a first buffer tank for temporary storage;

s7, performing solid-liquid separation on the biogas fermentation mixture in the buffer tank through a solid-liquid separator to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;

s8, conveying the biogas residues to an organic fertilizer processing workshop to process organic fertilizers;

and S9, feeding the biogas slurry into a biogas slurry storage pool.

2. The agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the decomposing device comprises a decomposing tank (1) and an aerating device, wherein a feeding pipe (2) for feeding materials into the decomposing tank (1) and a liquid feeding pipe (3) for feeding bacteria liquid into the decomposing tank (1) are arranged at the top of the decomposing tank (1); the bottom of the decomposition tank (1) is provided with a slag discharge pipe (4) convenient for discharging slag in the decomposition tank (1) and a liquid discharge pipe (5) convenient for discharging liquid in the decomposition tank (1), the upper side in the decomposition tank (1) is provided with a material separation net (6), and the aeration device supplies oxygen-containing gas to the interior of the decomposition tank (1) through an aeration pipe (7).

3. The agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: drain pipe (5) are provided with the filtration drainage subassembly through setting up liquid hole (8) and the inside intercommunication of decomposition tank (1) at decomposition tank (1) socle, filter drainage subassembly including supporting a section of thick bamboo (9) and sponge sleeve (10), supporting a section of thick bamboo (9) are rolled into the drum by a dictyosome and are formed, and its bottom is connected with the inner wall of decomposition tank (1), and it is sealed that kicking block (11) are passed through at its top, and the axis coincidence of its axis and liquid hole (8), and it is inboard that liquid hole (8) are located supporting a section of thick bamboo (9), including sponge sleeve (10) cover is established on supporting a section of thick bamboo (9) and will support a section of thick bamboo (9) parcel.

4. The agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the top block (11) is hemispherical, the plane end of the top block is connected with the top of the supporting cylinder (9), and the axis of the top block coincides with the axis of the supporting cylinder (9).

5. The agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the top of the decomposition tank (1) is provided with a thermometer (12) for detecting the temperature of the inner cavity of the decomposition tank (1) and a pressure gauge (13) for detecting the internal pressure of the decomposition tank (1).

6. The agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the outer wall of the decomposition tank (1) is coated with a temperature adjusting device, the temperature adjusting device comprises a spiral pipeline (14) wound on the decomposition tank (1), a heat insulation sleeve (15) coating the spiral pipeline (14), a water pump, a hot flow source and a cold flow source, and the water pump sends fluid in the hot flow source or the cold flow source into the spiral pipeline (14) from one end of the spiral pipeline (14) and returns to the storage tank from the other end of the spiral pipeline (14).

7. The agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: the aeration device comprises an air compressor (16) which supplies oxygen-containing gas to the interior of the decomposition tank (1) through an aeration pipe.

8. The agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the air inlet end of the aeration device is provided with a temperature reduction device, and the air is cooled by the temperature reduction device and then is supplied with oxygen-containing gas through an aeration pipe to the interior of the decomposition tank (1) through the aeration device.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to an agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method.

Background

Biogas fermentation belongs to one of biological fermentation, is also called anaerobic digestion and anaerobic fermentation, and refers to a process of finally forming combustible mixed gas biogas such as methane, carbon dioxide and the like by decomposing and metabolizing various microorganisms under certain moisture, temperature and anaerobic conditions for organic substances such as human, livestock and poultry excrement, straws, weeds and the like, wherein the biogas is combustible and can be used as a combustion energy source; the residual biogas residues can be dried and granulated to form the fertilizer.

With the development of agricultural modernization, the agricultural yield is increased, and the generation amount of agricultural solid wastes such as straws, dry branches, fallen leaves, sawdust, peanut shells, corncobs and the like is increased. The treatment and reasonable utilization of agricultural solid wastes also become a solution in the agricultural development. Although the solid waste produced by such crops can be used for biogas fermentation, the cell walls of these solid waste mostly contain more lignin and cellulose, which prevents plant cells from contacting microorganisms, degrading enzymes; meanwhile, anaerobic microorganisms have weak degradation capability on lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose and low digestion efficiency, so that efficient biogas fermentation cannot be performed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: provides a biological fermentation method of agricultural solid wastes, which solves the technical problems that the prior microbial fermentation method of directly applying the agricultural solid wastes to biogas is unfavorable for biogas fermentation because the agricultural solid wastes contain lignin and cellulose, reduces the efficiency of biogas fermentation and the like. The agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method designed by the invention carries out early pretreatment on agricultural solid waste with lignin and cellulose, destroys the lignin and the cellulose, improves the smoothness of the later use for biogas fermentation, and improves the high efficiency of the biogas fermentation.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method comprises the following steps:

s1, drying the straws in the sun, cutting off and crushing to obtain crushed straws;

s2, soaking the crushed straw to obtain wet crushed straw;

s3, putting the crushed straw into a decomposition device for decomposition to obtain decomposed straw slurry;

s4, feeding the straw slurry, the fresh biogas slurry, the kitchen waste and the animal waste into a mixing tank for mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material;

s5, feeding the fermentation raw materials into a methane tank for anaerobic methane fermentation to obtain a methane fermentation mixture;

s6, conveying the biogas fermentation mixture into a first buffer tank for temporary storage;

s7, performing solid-liquid separation on the biogas fermentation mixture in the buffer tank through a solid-liquid separator to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;

s8, conveying the biogas residues to an organic fertilizer processing workshop to process organic fertilizers;

and S9, feeding the biogas slurry into a biogas slurry storage pool.

Furthermore, the decomposition device comprises a decomposition tank and an aeration device, wherein a feeding pipe for feeding materials into the decomposition tank and a liquid feeding pipe for feeding bacteria liquid into the decomposition tank are arranged at the top of the decomposition tank; the bottom of the decomposition tank is provided with a slag discharge pipe convenient for discharging slag in the decomposition tank and a liquid discharge pipe convenient for discharging liquid in the decomposition tank, the upper side in the decomposition tank is provided with a material isolation net, and the aeration device supplies oxygen-containing gas to the interior of the decomposition tank through an aeration pipe.

Further, the drain pipe is provided with the filtration drainage subassembly through setting up the inside intercommunication of liquid hole and decomposition jar at the decomposition jar socle, the filtration drainage subassembly is including a support section of thick bamboo and sponge sleeve, a support section of thick bamboo is formed by a dictyosome batching drum, and its bottom is connected with the inner wall of decomposition jar, and it is sealed that the kicking block is passed through at its top, and its axis coincides with the axis in liquid hole, and it is inboard that liquid hole is located a support section of thick bamboo, sponge sleeve cover is established on a support section of thick bamboo and is wrapped up in including the support section of thick bamboo.

Furthermore, the top block is hemispherical, the plane end of the top block is connected with the top of the supporting cylinder, and the axis of the top block coincides with the axis of the supporting cylinder.

Furthermore, a thermometer for detecting the temperature of the inner cavity of the decomposition tank and a pressure gauge for detecting the internal pressure of the decomposition tank are arranged at the top of the decomposition tank.

Further, the outer wall of the decomposition tank is coated with a temperature adjusting device, the temperature adjusting device comprises a spiral pipeline wound on the decomposition tank, a heat insulation sleeve for coating the spiral pipeline, a water pump, a hot flow source and a cold flow source, and the water pump sends fluid in the hot flow source or the cold flow source into the spiral pipeline from one end of the spiral pipeline and returns to the storage tank from the other end of the spiral pipeline.

Further, the aeration device includes an air compressor that supplies the oxygen-containing gas to the inside of the decomposition tank through an aeration pipe.

Furthermore, a cooling device is arranged at the air inlet end of the aeration device, and the air is cooled by the cooling device and then is supplied with oxygen-containing gas through the aeration pipe to the interior of the decomposition tank.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention relates to an agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method, which is characterized in that straws with lignin and cellulose are subjected to preliminary pretreatment, cell walls of the straws are destroyed to enable plant cells of the straws to be in contact with microorganisms and degrading enzymes, so that anaerobic microorganisms in a methane tank are favorably in full contact with the straws, the degradation force and the degradation efficiency of the microorganisms on the straws are improved, and then efficient methane fermentation is smoothly carried out;

2. according to the agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method, the straw crushed aggregates are mixed in the liquid in the tank body, so that the straw crushed aggregates are prevented from being brought out when the liquid in the tank body is discharged, preferably, a filtering and draining assembly is arranged at the liquid inlet end of the liquid outlet pipe, the straw crushed aggregates are blocked by the sponge sleeve, and the liquid enters the liquid outlet pipe after passing through the sponge sleeve and meshes on the supporting cylinder; straw residues attached to the surface of the sponge sleeve can fall off from the sponge sleeve under the aeration action of a subsequent aeration device; or after the liquid is discharged, reversely conveying a part of liquid, so as to wash down the straw residues attached to the surface of the sponge sleeve;

3 the agricultural solid waste biological fermentation method of the invention, because the aeration device can directly convey the substances to the interior of the tank body, when a large amount of decomposition heat is generated in the tank, the cooling device works, so that the cooling device can convey low-temperature gas to the interior of the tank body to cool the interior of the tank body. The aeration device is used for cooling, so that the cooling is more direct, the effect is better, and the temperature in the tank can be effectively ensured to be always kept in the range required by the growth of microorganisms and enzyme production.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts, and the proportional relationship of each component in the drawings in the present specification does not represent the proportional relationship in the actual material selection design, and is only a schematic diagram of the structure or the position, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a decomposition tank;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the filtering drainage module.

Reference numerals in the drawings indicate:

1-decomposing tank, 2-feeding pipe, 3-liquid feeding pipe, 4-slag discharging pipe, 5-liquid discharging pipe, 6-material isolating net, 7-aeration pipe, 8-liquid discharging hole, 9-supporting cylinder, 10-sponge sleeve, 11-top block, 12-thermometer, 13-pressure gauge, 14-spiral pipeline, 15-heat insulating sleeve and 16-air compressor.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

The term "connected" in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any conventional connection means such as integral molding, welding, riveting, etc., and the specific connection means may be suitably selected according to the conventional technical knowledge in the art. All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.