阅读说明：本技术 一种超宽带圆极化天线 (Ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna ) 是由 何业军 贺卫 李文廷 张龙 王世伟 于 2021-07-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种超宽带圆极化天线,所述超宽带圆极化天线包括：上层介质基板以及下层介质基板,所述上层介质基板与所述下层介质基板之间通过塑料螺丝连接；所述上层介质基板上印刷有四个T型交叉偶极子以及寄生贴片,四个所述T型交叉偶极子呈旋转对称设置；所述下层介质基板上印刷有馈电网络,所述馈电网络包括一个输入端口以及四个输出端口；四个所述输出端口分别与四个所述T型交叉偶极子连接。本发明利用4个T型交叉偶极子及寄生贴片,通过特殊的组阵拓扑结构,实现了小型化的超宽带圆极化天线。(The invention discloses an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna, which comprises: the dielectric substrate comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is connected with the lower dielectric substrate through plastic screws; four T-shaped crossed dipoles and parasitic patches are printed on the upper-layer dielectric substrate, and the four T-shaped crossed dipoles are arranged in a rotational symmetry mode; a feed network is printed on the lower dielectric substrate and comprises an input port and four output ports; the four output ports are respectively connected with the four T-shaped crossed dipoles. The invention realizes the miniaturized ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna by utilizing 4T-shaped crossed dipoles and parasitic patches and a special array topological structure.)

1. An ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna, comprising: the dielectric substrate comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is connected with the lower dielectric substrate through plastic screws;

four T-shaped crossed dipoles and parasitic patches are printed on the upper-layer dielectric substrate, and the four T-shaped crossed dipoles are arranged in a rotational symmetry mode; a feed network is printed on the lower dielectric substrate and comprises an input port and four output ports; the four output ports are respectively connected with the four T-shaped crossed dipoles.

2. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the T-shaped crossed dipole comprises: the dipole antenna comprises a first dipole arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate and a second dipole arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate, wherein the first dipole and the second dipole form a T-shaped structure.

3. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 2, wherein the vertical arms of the T-shaped crossed dipole point to a central position of the upper dielectric substrate.

4. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the parasitic patch comprises: the first parasitic patch is arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate, and the second parasitic patch is arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate.

5. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 4, wherein there are two of the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch, and the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are symmetrically disposed.

6. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 5, wherein the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are respectively located between two adjacent vertical arms of the T-shaped crossed dipole and are at equal distances from the vertical arms.

7. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 6, wherein the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are identical in shape and are each configured as a rectangle with cut corners.

8. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein said feed network comprises one 180 ° balun and two 90 ° baluns.

9. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the four output ports of the feeding network are respectively 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° in phase.

10. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 9, wherein each of the four output ports is connected to a corresponding T-shaped crossed dipole by a coaxial cable.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to an ultra wide band circularly polarized antenna.

Background

As is well known, in wireless systems such as communication, navigation, television, microwave remote sensing, broadcasting, radar, electronic countermeasure, and the like, information is transmitted by radio waves, and there are transmission and reception of radio waves. In a radio device, the means for transmitting and receiving radio waves are referred to as an antenna. Since the antenna is an indispensable radio frequency front-end device in various wireless communication systems, and the quality of the antenna directly affects the communication quality of the system, the research, design and production of the antenna with good performance and high quality are always common pursuits in academia and industry. Since the first antenna was designed in 1886 in hertz, great progress was made in theoretical research and engineering practice regarding antennas. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the functions of wireless communication systems are more and more, the product forms are more and more abundant, the requirements of people on communication speed and communication quality are higher and higher, the requirements on the functions and performances of antennas are more and more diversified, and the challenges of antenna designers are larger and larger.

Antennas can be classified into linearly polarized antennas, circularly polarized antennas, and elliptically polarized antennas. Compared with a linear polarization antenna, the circularly polarized antenna can effectively resist signal fading caused by multipath interference and inhibit the interference of rain and fog in the environment, and can reduce the Faraday rotation effect caused by an ionosphere, so that the circularly polarized antenna can be widely applied to systems of satellite communication, space detection, remote sensing navigation and vehicle-mounted communication. In the field of satellite navigation, a high-stability and high-quality circularly polarized antenna is the first choice of various satellite antennas. However, the existing ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna array is generally large in size and is not suitable for being applied to miniaturized wireless communication products.

Thus, there is a need for improvements and enhancements in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to provide an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna, which is designed to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and is not suitable for being applied to miniaturized wireless communication products due to the relatively large size of the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna array in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna, wherein the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna comprises: the dielectric substrate comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is connected with the lower dielectric substrate through plastic screws;

four T-shaped crossed dipoles and parasitic patches are printed on the upper-layer dielectric substrate, and the four T-shaped crossed dipoles are arranged in a rotational symmetry mode; a feed network is printed on the lower dielectric substrate and comprises an input port and four output ports; the four output ports are respectively connected with the four T-shaped crossed dipoles.

In one implementation, the T-shaped crossed dipole comprises: the dipole antenna comprises a first dipole arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate and a second dipole arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate, wherein the first dipole and the second dipole form a T-shaped structure.

In one implementation, the vertical arm of the T-shaped crossed dipole points to a central position of the upper dielectric substrate.

In one implementation, the parasitic patch includes: the first parasitic patch is arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate, and the second parasitic patch is arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate.

In one implementation, the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are both provided with two parasitic patches, and the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are both symmetrically provided.

In one implementation, the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are respectively located between two adjacent vertical arms of the T-shaped crossed dipole and are at equal distances from the vertical arms.

In one implementation, the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are the same in shape and are each configured as a rectangle with cut corners.

In one implementation, the feed network includes one 180 ° balun and two 90 ° baluns.

In one implementation, the phases of the four output ports of the feeding network are 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, respectively.

In one implementation, four of the output ports are respectively connected to corresponding T-shaped crossed dipoles through coaxial cables.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention provides an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna, which comprises: the dielectric substrate comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is connected with the lower dielectric substrate through plastic screws; four T-shaped crossed dipoles and parasitic patches are printed on the upper-layer dielectric substrate, and the four T-shaped crossed dipoles are arranged in a rotational symmetry mode; a feed network is printed on the lower dielectric substrate and comprises an input port and four output ports; the four output ports are respectively connected with the four T-shaped crossed dipoles. The invention realizes the miniaturized ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna by utilizing 4T-shaped crossed dipoles and parasitic patches and a special array topological structure.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a left side view of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a feeding network in an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a simulation and practical diagram of S-parameters of the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna array according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a graph of simulated and measured axial ratio and gain of the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As is well known, in wireless systems such as communication, navigation, television, microwave remote sensing, broadcasting, radar, electronic countermeasure, and the like, information is transmitted by radio waves, and there are transmission and reception of radio waves. In a radio device, the means for transmitting and receiving radio waves are referred to as an antenna. Since the antenna is an indispensable radio frequency front-end device in various wireless communication systems, and the quality of the antenna directly affects the communication quality of the system, the research, design and production of the antenna with good performance and high quality are always common pursuits in academia and industry. Since the first antenna was designed in 1886 in hertz, great progress was made in theoretical research and engineering practice regarding antennas. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the functions of wireless communication systems are more and more, the product forms are more and more abundant, the requirements of people on communication speed and communication quality are higher and higher, the requirements on the functions and performances of antennas are more and more diversified, and the challenges of antenna designers are larger and larger.

Antennas can be classified into linearly polarized antennas, circularly polarized antennas, and elliptically polarized antennas. Compared with a linear polarization antenna, the circularly polarized antenna can effectively resist signal fading caused by multipath interference and inhibit the interference of rain and fog in the environment, and can reduce the Faraday rotation effect caused by an ionosphere, so that the circularly polarized antenna can be widely applied to systems of satellite communication, space detection, remote sensing navigation and vehicle-mounted communication. In the field of satellite navigation, a high-stability and high-quality circularly polarized antenna is the first choice of various satellite antennas. The Beidou navigation system of China, the Galileo satellite navigation system of Europe, the global navigation satellite system of Russia and the global positioning system of America all use circularly polarized antennas for signal transmission. In the vehicle-mounted communication system, the antenna in the roadside device or the antenna on the vehicle terminal is mainly circularly polarized, such as an Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system, an electronic identification system (auto id) system, a video radio frequency (rf) dual-base identification system, and the like. In addition, since the circularly polarized antenna can receive linearly polarized waves in any direction and circularly polarized waves in the same rotation direction, and circularly polarized waves can also be received by an antenna with any linear polarization, the use of the circularly polarized antenna can improve the installation flexibility of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in the communication system, so that the mounting flexibility is not influenced by the factors such as whether the polarization of the antennas is matched and whether the spatial position is proper.

Integrated wireless communication products are becoming a trend, the functions of the products are increasing, the number of contained antennas is increasing, the working frequency bands of the antennas are different, and under the condition that the product space is limited, the antenna with wide frequency bandwidth becomes a key for solving the problem. In addition, as a novel wireless communication technology, the ultra-wideband (UWB) has the characteristics of low power spectral density of transmitted signals, insensitivity to channel fading, low system complexity, low transmitted power, strong interference immunity, large system capacity, good confidentiality, high multipath resolution and the like. In recent years, the system has been widely focused and researched in the industrial and academic fields, and is widely applied to wireless personal area networks, intelligent transportation, internet of things, imaging systems, positioning systems and the like.

However, the existing ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna array is generally large in size and is not suitable for being applied to miniaturized wireless communication products. In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present embodiment provides an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna, as shown in fig. 1, including: the dielectric substrate comprises an upper dielectric substrate 1 and a lower dielectric substrate 2, wherein the upper dielectric substrate 1 is connected with the lower dielectric substrate 2 through a plastic screw 5. As can be seen from fig. 2, the plastic screws 5 in this embodiment have two, and the connection and support between the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are realized by the two plastic screws 5. In this embodiment, four T-shaped crossed dipoles are printed on the upper dielectric substrate 1, and the four T-shaped crossed dipoles are arranged in a rotational symmetry manner, so as to form a special antenna topology structure. Wherein, as shown in fig. 3, the T-shaped crossed dipole includes: the dipole antenna comprises a first dipole 6 arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate and a second dipole 7 arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate, wherein the first dipole 6 and the second dipole 7 form a T-shaped structure.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, a feed network 3 is printed on the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the feed network 3 includes one input port and four output ports 12; the four output ports 12 are respectively connected with the four T-shaped crossed dipoles. Therefore, in this embodiment, the upper dielectric substrate 1 is provided with the T-shaped crossed dipoles, the lower dielectric substrate 2 is provided with the feed network 3, and four output ports of the feed network 3 are respectively connected with the four T-shaped crossed dipoles, so that a miniaturized ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna is realized through a special array topology structure.

Specifically, the vertical arm 13 in the T-shaped cross dipole in the present embodiment points to the center position of the upper dielectric substrate 1. As can be seen from fig. 3, the T-shaped crossed dipole is rotationally arranged on the upper dielectric substrate 1, and has an axisymmetric structure. A parasitic patch is further printed on the upper dielectric substrate 1, and the parasitic patch includes: the first parasitic patch 8 is arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1, and the second parasitic patch 9 is arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1. Moreover, the number of the first parasitic patches 8 and the number of the second parasitic patches 9 are two, and the first parasitic patches 8 and the second parasitic patches 9 are symmetrically arranged. That is, in this embodiment, the two first parasitic patches 8 are symmetrically disposed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1, and the two second parasitic patches 9 are symmetrically disposed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1. As can be seen from fig. 3, the first parasitic patch 8 and the second parasitic patch 9 are spaced apart and located between the vertical arms 13 of two adjacent T-shaped crossed dipoles, and are equidistant from the vertical arms 13, so that the parasitic patches also assume a rotationally symmetric configuration.

In one implementation, the first parasitic patch 8 and the second parasitic patch 9 of the present embodiment are the same in shape and are arranged as rectangles with cut corners, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the first parasitic patch 8 and the second parasitic patch 9 present a hexagonal structure.

In this embodiment, the feeding network 3 is a one-to-four ultra-wideband feeding network. As shown in fig. 4, the feed network is composed of one 180 ° balun 10 and two 90 ° baluns 11 and has one input port and four output ports 12, the four output ports 12 being in phase with 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, respectively. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the four output ports 12 of the feeding network 3 are connected to the corresponding T-shaped crossed dipoles through the coaxial cables 4, so that four signals with equal amplitude and phases of 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° are loaded on the four T-shaped crossed dipoles. In this embodiment, the material of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is FR4, and the material of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is rogers 4003.

In the embodiment, simulation and test are also performed on the S parameter of the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna, fig. 5 is a simulation and actual map of the S parameter of the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna array of the embodiment, as can be seen from fig. 5, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna array | S11| < -10dB is 106.1%, and the coverage frequency range is 1.57-5.12 GHz. The embodiment also simulates the axial ratio and the gain of the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna. Fig. 6 shows the simulated and actually measured axial ratio and gain of the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of the present embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 104.1%, and the coverage frequency range is 1.57-4.98 GHz; the maximum gain was 8.6dBic and the 3-dB gain bandwidth reached 73.3% (1.9-4.1 GHz). Therefore, the ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna designed by the invention is designed based on the concept of the circularly polarized antenna, has the characteristics of simple structure, small size and ultra-wideband, can obviously reduce the size of the circularly polarized antenna, and can be applied to wireless communication systems such as mobile communication and the like. Specifically, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna | S11| < -10dB is 106.1%, the coverage frequency range is 1.57-5.12GHz, the axial ratio bandwidth of 3-dB is 104.1%, the coverage frequency range is 1.57-4.98GHz, the 3-dB gain bandwidth reaches 73.3% (1.9-4.1GHz), and the volume of the antenna is 0.56 λ × 0.56 λ × 0.12 λ (wherein λ refers to the wavelength in vacuum corresponding to the lowest working frequency).

In summary, the present invention discloses an ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna, which includes: the dielectric substrate comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is connected with the lower dielectric substrate through plastic screws; four T-shaped crossed dipoles and parasitic patches are printed on the upper-layer dielectric substrate, and the four T-shaped crossed dipoles are arranged in a rotational symmetry mode; a feed network is printed on the lower dielectric substrate and comprises an input port and four output ports; the four output ports are respectively connected with the four T-shaped crossed dipoles. The invention realizes the miniaturized ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna by utilizing 4T-shaped crossed dipoles and parasitic patches and a special array topological structure.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.