阅读说明：本技术 一种有机营养型栽培基质及其制备方法 (Organic nutritional type culture medium and preparation method thereof ) 是由 文洋 陈婧樱子 解方 朱静 于 2021-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及到堆肥和固体无土栽培基质,属于有机废物无害化处理资源化利用的环保领域的生物工程技术领域,具体的说是一种绿色环保的全营养型无土栽培和育苗基质,其制备方法是：是由微生物培养物和各类有机废弃物混合发酵而成,其体积百分比为：微生物培养物20％、各类有机废弃物80％。本发明营养型栽培育苗基质的制作简单,价格低廉,不含任何的人工合成成分,为绿色生态农业生产提供了一种高活性、高效能、无公害的土肥一体的栽培载体。(The invention relates to a compost and solid soilless culture substrate, belongs to the technical field of bioengineering in the environmental protection field of harmless treatment and resource utilization of organic waste, and particularly relates to a green and environment-friendly full-nutrition soilless culture and seedling culture substrate, which is prepared by the following steps: is prepared by mixing and fermenting microbial cultures and various organic wastes, and the volume percentage is as follows: 20% of microbial culture and 80% of various organic wastes. The nutritional type cultivation seedling-raising medium is simple to manufacture, low in price and free of any artificially synthesized component, and provides a high-activity, high-efficiency and pollution-free soil-fertilizer integrated cultivation carrier for green ecological agricultural production.)

1. An organic nutrition type culture medium is characterized in that: comprises 20-25% of microbial culture and 75-80% of various organic wastes in parts by volume.

2. The organotrophic culture medium of claim 1, further comprising: the various organic wastes comprise agricultural wastes, forestry residues, grain processing leftovers, plant extraction residues, biogas residues, garden trimmings and kitchen wastes.

3. The method for preparing an organic nutritional type culture medium according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, bacillus, azotobacter population, photosynthetic bacteria population, trichoderma population, saccharomycete population, lactobacillus population, streptomycete population, cellulolytic enzyme, high-temperature actinomycete population and bacteria population are obtained by extracting from cow dung, sheep dung, air and soil, dominant flora with strong activity and organic matter decomposition capacity is obtained by the flora through an orthogonal test and is used as fermentation seeds, the dominant flora is mixed with bran, rapeseed cakes and dry animal dung serving as main materials, brown sugar, trace elements, compound vitamins and amino acids are added, and the mixed crops enter an aerobic fermentation tank through a microorganism culture medium to be subjected to high-temperature fermentation treatment at the temperature of more than 70 ℃ for 20 days to obtain a microorganism culture;

s2, crushing various organic wastes obtained locally to a particle size of less than 1cm by a crusher;

step S3, mixing the microbial culture obtained in the step S1 and the crushed organic waste obtained in the step S2, stacking the mixture in a fermentation tank with the width not less than 4 meters, the length not less than 5 meters and the height not less than 1 meter for fermentation;

s4, statically placing the fermented product in the step S3 for 3 days, detecting the temperature, turning the fermented product to supply oxygen when the temperature is raised to 70 ℃, and allowing the fermented product to enter a heat preservation stage for high-temperature fermentation;

s5, repeatedly turning over the pile and supplying oxygen to keep the fermentation temperature, and continuously reproducing and decomposing organic matters by aerobic bacteria;

and step S6, after the fermentation temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, performing after-ripening management on the fermented product, and when the fermented product is brownish black in appearance, white hyphae are fully distributed in the center of the material, no peculiar smell is generated, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5, indicating that the preparation of the nutritional type culture seedling substrate is finished.

4. The organotrophic culture medium of claim 2, further comprising: the agricultural waste comprises straw and mushroom dregs.

5. The organotrophic culture medium of claim 2, further comprising: the forestry residues include branches, leaves, bark and wood chips.

6. The organotrophic culture medium of claim 2, further comprising: the grain processing leftovers comprise rice chaff, wheat husks, corncobs and corn coatings.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of culture substrates, in particular to an organic nutritional culture substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Background art:

the present substrate (solid) used for agricultural soilless culture is formed by mixing non-renewable resources such as peat, perlite and vermiculite with a non-nutrient culture carrier, and after the substrate is used for culturing plants, the nutrients required by the growth of the plants are mainly added with chemical fertilizers.

The natural growth of plants needs a cultivation carrier with an ecological environment balanced in physical, chemical and biological properties, and a large amount of organic wastes need a recycling purpose which can be achieved by full-effective resource utilization.

The invention content is as follows:

in order to solve the problems, the invention provides an organic nutritional type culture medium and a preparation method thereof.

The technical solution of the invention is that the organic nutritional type culture medium comprises 20-25% of microbial culture and 75-80% of various organic wastes in parts by volume.

Preferably, the various organic wastes comprise agricultural wastes, forestry residues, grain processing leftovers, plant extraction residues, biogas residues, garden trimmings and kitchen wastes.

A preparation method of an organic nutrition type culture medium comprises the following steps:

step S1, bacillus, azotobacter population, photosynthetic bacteria population, trichoderma population, saccharomycete population, lactobacillus population, streptomycete population, cellulolytic enzyme, high-temperature actinomycete population and bacteria population are obtained by extracting from cow dung, sheep dung, air and soil, dominant flora with strong activity and organic matter decomposition capacity is obtained by the flora through an orthogonal test and is used as fermentation seeds, the dominant flora is mixed with bran, rapeseed cakes and dry animal dung serving as main materials, brown sugar, trace elements, compound vitamins and amino acids are added, and the mixed crops enter an aerobic fermentation tank through a microorganism culture medium to be subjected to high-temperature fermentation treatment at the temperature of more than 70 ℃ for 20 days to obtain a microorganism culture;

s2, crushing various organic wastes obtained locally to a particle size of less than 1cm by a crusher;

step S3, mixing the microbial culture obtained in the step S1 and the crushed organic waste obtained in the step S2, stacking the mixture in a fermentation tank with the width not less than 4 meters, the length not less than 5 meters and the height not less than 1 meter for fermentation;

s4, statically placing the fermented product in the step S3 for 3 days, detecting the temperature, turning the fermented product to supply oxygen when the temperature is raised to 70 ℃, and allowing the fermented product to enter a heat preservation stage for high-temperature fermentation;

s5, repeatedly turning over the pile and supplying oxygen to keep the fermentation temperature, and continuously reproducing and decomposing organic matters by aerobic bacteria;

and step S6, after the fermentation temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, performing after-ripening management on the fermented product, and when the fermented product is brownish black in appearance, white hyphae are fully distributed in the center of the material, no peculiar smell is generated, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5, indicating that the preparation of the nutritional type culture seedling substrate is finished.

Preferably, the agricultural waste comprises straw and mushroom dregs.

Preferably, the forestry residues include branches, leaves, bark and wood chips.

Preferably, the grain processing leftovers comprise rice chaff, wheat hull, corncob and corn coating.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the nutritional matrix is obtained by mixing and fermenting the extracted microbial culture and various organic wastes, so that the organic wastes can be subjected to full-effect harmless resource treatment, the organic matters are thoroughly decomposed, the stability is high, the culture matrix is rich and comprehensive in nutrition, has high water retention and air permeability, is rich in beneficial microbes, does not carry pathogenic bacteria and eggs, is pollution-free and odor-free, is safe and reliable, and is used as an optimal carrier for soilless culture and seedling culture, and the organic green original-taste agricultural products can be industrially produced in a flow manner without applying inorganic compounds harmful to the environment, such as pesticides, fertilizers and the like.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the organic nutritional type cultivation substrate and the preparation method thereof of the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments.

Preparing an organic nutritional type culture medium by the following method:

example 1:

step S1, collecting organic wastes such as straws, branches, leaves, barks, sawdust, rice chaff, wheat hulls, corncobs, corn coatings, biogas residues, plant extraction residues, kitchen waste, animal wastes and the like;

step S2, crushing the organic wastes except the animal wastes by a crusher to obtain particles with the particle size of less than 3 cm;

s3, adding 20% of crushed materials based on the volume of the animal wastes, and uniformly mixing the materials with 30% of microbial cultures, wherein the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 50% -60%;

step S4, stacking the mixed materials in a shape like a Chinese character 'duo' with a width of 4 m, a height of more than 1 m and a length of more than 5 m or putting the mixed materials into fermentation equipment for pre-fermentation;

and step S5, measuring the temperature every day and recording the temperature every day on the third day after the pile is built according to the requirements of pre-fermentation management. A multipoint measurement method is adopted during temperature measurement, the thermometer is required to be inserted into a position 50cm away from the material for measurement, and gas supply and oxygen supply are carried out after the temperature reaches more than 70 ℃ and is kept for 3 days;

step S6, after the pre-fermentation is carried out for 7 to 10 days, the high temperature of more than 70 ℃ is kept for secondary fermentation;

and step S7, after the secondary fermentation management of the nutritional culture seedling substrate is required to be built, temperature measurement is carried out every day and recording is carried out. The temperature measurement adopts a multipoint measurement method, and the thermometer is required to be inserted into a position 50cm away from the material for measurement. And when the temperature reaches above 70 ℃ and is kept for 3 days, the treatment of supplying and supplying oxygen is carried out, and thus oxygen is supplied for many times. The temperature required in the whole process is not lower than 70 ℃;

and step S8, detecting that the preparation of the nutritional type culture medium is finished when the appearance of the secondary fermentation product is changed into brownish black, white hypha is fully distributed in the center of the material, no peculiar smell is generated, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5.

Example 2:

step S1, collecting organic wastes such as straws, branches, leaves, barks, sawdust, rice chaff, wheat hulls, corncobs, corn coatings, biogas residues, plant extraction residues, kitchen waste, animal wastes and the like;

step S2, crushing the organic wastes except the animal wastes by a crusher to obtain particles with the particle size of less than 3 cm;

s3, adding 40% of crushed materials based on the volume of the animal wastes, and uniformly mixing the crushed materials with 20% of microbial cultures, wherein the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 50% -60%;

step S4, stacking the mixed materials in a shape like a Chinese character 'duo' with a width of 4 m, a height of more than 1 m and a length of more than 5 m or putting the mixed materials into fermentation equipment for pre-fermentation;

and step S5, measuring the temperature every day and recording the temperature every day on the third day after the pile is built according to the requirements of pre-fermentation management. A multipoint measurement method is adopted during temperature measurement, the thermometer is required to be inserted into a position 50cm away from the material for measurement, and the material is stirred after the temperature reaches more than 70 ℃ and is kept for 3 days;

step S6, after the pre-fermentation is carried out for 7 to 10 days, the high temperature of more than 70 ℃ is kept for secondary fermentation;

and step S7, after the secondary fermentation management of the nutrition type culture seedling substrate requires the stacking, the temperature measurement is carried out every day and the record is made. The temperature measurement adopts a multipoint measurement method, and the thermometer is required to be inserted into a position 50cm away from the material for measurement. And when the temperature reaches more than 70 ℃, keeping for 3 days, stirring the materials, and performing oxygen supply for many times. The temperature required in the whole process is not lower than 70 ℃;

and step S8, detecting that the appearance of the secondary fermentation product is changed into brownish black, white hypha is fully distributed in the center of the material, no peculiar smell is generated, and the pH value is between 6.5 and 7.5, which indicates that the preparation of the nutritional type culture seedling substrate is finished.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work shall fall within the scope of the present invention.