阅读说明：本技术 一种人工孵化锦鲤方法 (Method for artificially incubating fancy carps ) 是由 闫玲鲁 刘电 尹静 于 2020-05-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明介绍一种人工孵化锦鲤方法,属于水产养殖技术领域,一种人工孵化锦鲤方法,产卵前对产卵池进行消毒、曝气、除氯；选择体质健壮,品系特征明显的亲鱼产卵、授精；受精卵4—7天孵化出鱼苗；受精卵开始出苗后24～36小时暂不进行投食；观察卵黄囊,当卵黄囊即将消失、鱼苗开始上浮平游时,开始投喂过滤后的鸡蛋黄和豆浆；当鱼苗的鱼鳔充气、卵黄囊完全消失后,对鱼苗投喂正常营养饲料；孵化出的鱼苗经过7天～10天,将鱼苗放入土塘中,进行培育管理,再对锦鲤鱼苗进行分级筛选,保留特征明显、颜色鲜艳的个体。使用本发明申请的孵化锦鲤方法,培育出的锦鲤鱼苗,成活率高,延续原亲鱼特色,极具观赏价值。(The invention introduces a method for artificially incubating fancy carps, which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture and comprises the steps of disinfecting, aerating and dechlorinating a spawning pond before spawning; selecting parent fishes which are strong in physique and obvious in strain characteristics to lay eggs and inseminate; hatching the fertilized eggs to obtain fish fries in 4-7 days; feeding is not carried out for 24-36 hours after fertilized eggs begin to grow seedlings; observing the yolk sac, and feeding the filtered egg yolk and the filtered soybean milk when the yolk sac is about to disappear and the fry begins to float upwards and swim horizontally; when the air bladders of the fries are inflated and the yolk sacs completely disappear, feeding normal nutritional feed to the fries; and (3) after 7-10 days, putting the incubated fry into an earth pond for cultivation and management, and then carrying out grading screening on the fancy carp fry to keep individuals with obvious characteristics and bright colors. By using the method for incubating the fancy carp, the bred fancy carp fry has high survival rate, continues the characteristics of the original parent fish and has great ornamental value.)

1. An artificial incubation method of koi, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing a spawning pond 2-3 days before spawning, and disinfecting the spawning pond; aerating and dechlorinating the spawning pond for more than one day;

2, selecting female and male fancy carp parent fishes which are strong in physique, obvious in strain characteristics, gorgeous in color, pure in color, free of miscellaneous points, stable in hereditary character and mature in gonad development, wherein the weight of the female parent fishes is 2.5-2.9 kg, the weight of the male parent fishes is 2-2.8 kg, and the number ratio of the female parent fishes to the male parent fishes is 1: 3;

separating and feeding male fish and female fish in separate ponds 30-50 days before spawning, and manually feeding the male fish and the female fish according to the total amount of the tails of the parent fish, wherein the amount of the fed feed per day is 2 percent of the total mass of the tails;

step 3, when the reproductive period approaches and the abdominal distension of the female fish and the star-chasing of the male fish are found, putting the female fish and the male fish into a spawning pond to enable the female fish and the male fish to start rear-chasing;

step 4, artificially hastening parturition of female parent fishes by adopting a method of injecting an oxytocic into abdominal cavities at one time, injecting 1-3 mg/kg of oxytocin diutanone and 2-5 mu g/kg of chorionic gonadotropin according to the weight of the female parent fishes, and flushing and stimulating the parent fishes;

step 5, when the parent fish starts to rut and lay eggs, transferring the parent fish to a dark environment, lightly pressing the belly of the parent fish with two fingers, enabling the belly of the parent fish to face downwards at 45 degrees, extruding the parent fish from the front part to the rear part of the parent fish, and carrying out artificial egg extrusion;

the abdomen of the male fish is upwards pressed, the white sperm liquid is discharged along with the male fish, and the sperm can be sucked by a suction tube or a needle tube and is put into a sterilized glass container;

the extruded roe and the extruded semen are all placed in a sterilized glass container and are gently stirred by sterilized feathers; after the semen is combined with the fish eggs for 10-12 minutes, flushing the fertilized eggs with clear water for 2 times, and then soaking the fertilized eggs in potassium permanganate with the concentration of 10 multiplied by 10 < -6 > for 5 minutes;

after the completion of spawning is confirmed, the parent fish is slowly taken out, sterilized by potassium permanganate and then put back to the rearing pond for recovery and cultivation;

step 6, purifying the hatching water in the incubator, and controlling the water temperature of the incubator to be 20-24 ℃; the pH value of the acid and the alkali of the water is 7.2-7.4, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L;

transferring the mixed ova to a fish nest, and putting the fish nest into an incubation net cage for incubation; in the hatching process, a large amount of white foam which is not formed by inseminated eggs appears for many times, and the white foam is removed for 5-8 times in one day;

step 7, hatching the fertilized eggs to hatch fish fries in 4-7 days under the condition that the weather has no great change; feeding is not carried out for 24-36 hours after fertilized eggs begin to grow seedlings; observing the yolk sac, and feeding the filtered egg yolk and the filtered soybean milk when the yolk sac is about to disappear and the fry begins to float upwards and swim horizontally; when the air bladders of the fries are inflated and the yolk sacs completely disappear, feeding normal nutritional feed to the fries;

step 8, sterilizing a soil pond in which fish fries grow, draining water in the pond, and completely splashing the soil pond by using 75kg/667 square meters of quick lime or 100kg/667 square meters or 4kg/667 square meters of bleaching powder with the chlorine content of more than 30 percent or 5kg/667 square meters;

and 9, after 7-10 days, putting the hatched fries into a soil pond, carrying out cultivation and daily management, carrying out netting exercise for 2-3 times during the period, and carrying out grading screening on the fries after the fries grow to 30-35 days old, so as to retain individuals with obvious variety characteristics, bright fish body color and beautiful swimming appearance.

2. The method for artificially hatching koi carp according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the stocking density of parent fish is 3-5/m 3, and the protein content of the fed feed is 30-35%;

in the step 2, the temperature of the water in a culture pond where the parent fish to be kept in isolation is 20-25 ℃, the pH value is 6.5-8, the dissolved oxygen is 5-7mg/L, and the oxygen is continuously increased all day long by using an oxygen increasing machine.

3. The method for artificially hatching koi carp, according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7, the formula of the normal nutrition feed for fry feeding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1 part of shrimp meat, 1 part of soybean meal, 2 parts of flour, half part of coarse oatmeal, half part of laver, 1 part of egg, two thousandth parts of betaine, one thousandth part of fishy peptide and one ten thousandth part of baking powder.

4. The method for artificially hatching fancy carps according to claim 3, wherein the preparation of the normal nutrient feed comprises the following steps: the ingredients are fully mixed, water is added, stirring is carried out until the mixture is pasty, the mixture is fermented for 20-30 minutes, the mixture is placed in a dish in batches, then the dish is placed in a microwave oven to be heated for 10 minutes, the mixture is taken out and naturally cooled to the room temperature, then the mixture is placed in a refrigerator to be frozen for 4 hours, and then the mixture is crushed, dried in the sun and stored in a cool and dry place for later.

5. The method for artificially hatching fancy carps according to claim 3, wherein the feeding method of the normal nutrient feed comprises the following steps:

feeding the chicken for 1-2 times a day at the water temperature of 15-20 ℃, and feeding the chicken when the temperature is highest in one day;

covering a sunshade net, and preventing the water body from rising due to direct sunlight, wherein the water temperature is 2-4 times per day at 20-30 ℃;

the water temperature is above 30 deg.C, the fry is not more than 4 times per day, and the adult fish is not more than 2 times per day.

6. The method for artificially hatching koi according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9, the step of classifying is to identify and select koi once a month and 4 to 5 times, and specifically comprises the following steps:

selecting individuals with strong physique, lively swimming, straight spine, no deformity or defect of each fin and obvious variety characteristics for the first time, and eliminating other individuals or cultivating and selling the individuals additionally;

selecting the second time with beautiful shape of each fin, symmetrical pectoral fin and head shape, no deformation of eyes, kisses and palps, bright and dense color, clear pattern stripes and obvious variety characteristics;

selecting the fish fins with proper proportion, bright color, pure white bottom, no stain, clear red spot edge, uniform black spot and left-right balance of stripes on the whole body for the third time;

and the fourth and fifth picking are carried out according to the standard of the fourth picking.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an artificial incubation method of koi, which is mainly suitable for breeding koi in China, China and east China, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.

Background

Koi belongs to the order cyprinid, cyprinid and cyprinid, and is known as "underwater precious stone" or "swimming artwork" because of its physical and mental body, gorgeous color, gorgeous stripe, natural or natural swimming posture and gentle and smooth habit.

The fancy carp is a large-scale rare ornamental fish which is artificially bred and directionally cultivated from a carp mutant strain, the body color and the patterns of the fancy carp are changeable, the fancy carp is loved, and the ornamental carp has good ornamental value.

In the whole process of culturing the fancy carp, the fertilized eggs of the parent fishes are artificially and successfully incubated to obtain the fancy carp fries, which is very important and needs to be emphasized, otherwise, the time and labor are consumed; the screening of the koi carp fries is a long-term arduous work; if the incubation of the koi fry and the breeding of the fry are wrong, the economic benefit of koi industry is seriously affected, and even the koi breeding people are inclined to lay and cry without tears.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an artificial incubation method for koi, which is worthy of popularization and application, aiming at the current situation that oosperms of parent fishes are successfully incubated to obtain koi fries through manual work in the whole koi incubation process, and the importance is very important, otherwise, incubation is failed, time and labor are consumed, economic benefits are seriously influenced, and even a koi person is inclined to go home and produce and is required to cry without tears.

The purpose of the invention is achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:

an artificial incubation method of koi, comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing a spawning pond 2-3 days before spawning, and disinfecting the spawning pond; aerating and dechlorinating the spawning pond for more than one day to place parent fishes;

2, selecting female and male fancy carp parent fishes which are strong in physique, obvious in strain characteristics, gorgeous in color, pure in color, free of miscellaneous points, stable in hereditary character and mature in gonad development, wherein the weight of the female parent fishes is 2.5-2.9 kg, the weight of the male parent fishes is 2-2.8 kg, and the number ratio of the female parent fishes to the male parent fishes is 1: 3;

separating and feeding male fish and female fish in separate ponds 30-50 days before spawning, and manually feeding the male fish and the female fish according to the total amount of the tails of the parent fish, wherein the amount of the fed feed per day is 2 percent of the total mass of the tails;

step 3, when the reproductive period approaches and the abdominal distension of the female fish and the star-chasing of the male fish are found, putting the female fish and the male fish into a spawning pond to enable the female fish and the male fish to start rear-chasing;

step 4, artificially hastening parturition of female parent fishes by adopting a method of injecting an oxytocic into abdominal cavities at one time, injecting 1-3 mg/kg of oxytocin diutanone and 2-5 mu g/kg of chorionic gonadotropin according to the weight of the female parent fishes, and flushing and stimulating the parent fishes;

step 5, when the parent fish starts to rut and lay eggs, transferring the parent fish to a dark environment, lightly pressing the belly of the parent fish with two fingers, enabling the belly of the parent fish to face downwards at 45 degrees, extruding the parent fish from the front part to the rear part of the parent fish, and carrying out artificial egg extrusion;

the abdomen of the male fish is upwards pressed, the white sperm liquid is discharged along with the male fish, and the sperm can be sucked by a suction tube or a needle tube and is put into a sterilized glass container;

the extruded roe and the extruded semen are all placed in a sterilized glass container and are gently stirred by sterilized feathers; after the semen is combined with the fish eggs for 10-12 minutes, flushing the fertilized eggs with clear water for 2 times, and then soaking the fertilized eggs in potassium permanganate with the concentration of 10 multiplied by 10 < -6 > for 5 minutes;

after the completion of spawning is confirmed, the parent fish is taken out slowly, the parent fish is quite weak, the resistance is quite low, and the parent fish does not need to be injured, and the parent fish is placed back to a breeding pond for restoration and breeding after being disinfected by potassium permanganate;

step 6, purifying the hatching water in the incubator, and controlling the water temperature of the incubator to be 20-24 ℃; the pH value of the acid and the alkali of the water is 7.2-7.4, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L;

transferring the mixed ova to a fish nest, and putting the fish nest into an incubation net cage for incubation; in the hatching process, a large amount of white foam which is not formed by inseminated eggs appears for many times, and the white foam is removed for 5-8 times in one day; dead eggs which are attached to fish nests and are in a white foam state can be respectively discharged from unfertilized eggs and fertilized eggs, the dead eggs in the white foam state can influence the hatching water quality, so that the foam removal is required to be carried out for several times in a day, and the rotting of the fish eggs is mainly prevented.

Step 7, hatching the fertilized eggs under the condition that the weather has no great change, particularly the temperature has no great fluctuation, and hatching the fries in 4-7 days;

feeding is not carried out for 24-36 hours after fertilized eggs begin to grow seedlings; observing the yolk sac, and feeding the filtered egg yolk and the filtered soybean milk when the yolk sac is about to disappear and the fry begins to float upwards and swim horizontally; when the air bladders of the fries are inflated and the yolk sacs completely disappear, feeding normal nutritional feed to the fries;

step 8, sterilizing a soil pond in which fish fries grow, draining water in the pond, and completely splashing the soil pond by using 75kg/667 square meters of quick lime or 100kg/667 square meters or 4kg/667 square meters of bleaching powder with the chlorine content of more than 30 percent or 5kg/667 square meters;

and 9, putting the hatched fries into an earth pond for 7-10 days, carrying out cultivation and daily management, carrying out netting exercise for 2-3 times during the period, and carrying out grading screening on the brocarded carp fries when the fries grow to 30-35 days old, so as to retain individuals with obvious variety characteristics, bright fish body color and beautiful swimming postures.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the step 2, the stocking density of the parent fish is 3-5 tails/m 3, and the protein of the fed feed is 30-35%;

in the step 2, the temperature of the water in a culture pond where the parent fish to be kept in isolation is 20-25 ℃, the pH value is 6.5-8, the dissolved oxygen is 5-7mg/L, and the oxygen is continuously increased all day long by using an oxygen increasing machine.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step 7, the formula of the normal nutrition feed for feeding the fry is as follows by mass ratio: 1 part of shrimp meat, 1 part of soybean meal, 2 parts of flour, half part of coarse oatmeal, half part of laver, 1 part of egg, two thousandth parts of betaine, one thousandth part of fishy peptide and one ten thousandth part of baking powder.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the normal nutrition feed is prepared by: the ingredients are fully mixed, water is added, stirring is carried out until the mixture is pasty, the mixture is fermented for 20-30 minutes, the mixture is placed in a dish in batches, then the dish is placed in a microwave oven to be heated for 10 minutes, the mixture is taken out and naturally cooled to the room temperature, then the mixture is placed in a refrigerator to be frozen for 4 hours, and then the mixture is crushed, dried in the sun and stored in a cool and dry place for later.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the feeding method is:

feeding the chicken for 1-2 times a day at the water temperature of 15-20 ℃, and feeding the chicken when the temperature is highest in one day;

covering a sunshade net, and preventing the water body from rising due to direct sunlight, wherein the water temperature is 2-4 times per day at 20-30 ℃;

the water temperature is above 30 deg.C, the fry is not more than 4 times per day, and the adult fish is not more than 2 times per day.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, in step 9, the classifying and screening is performed once a month, and the screening is performed 4 to 5 times, specifically including:

selecting individuals with strong physique, lively swimming, straight spine, no deformity or defect of each fin and obvious variety characteristics for the first time, and eliminating other individuals or cultivating and selling the individuals additionally;

selecting the second time with beautiful shape of each fin, symmetrical pectoral fin and head shape, no deformation of eyes, kisses and palps, bright and dense color, clear pattern stripes and obvious variety characteristics;

selecting the fish fins with proper proportion, bright color, pure white bottom, no stain, clear red spot edge, uniform black spot and left-right balance of stripes on the whole body for the third time;

and the fourth and fifth picking are carried out according to the standard of the fourth picking.

The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

according to the method for artificially incubating the fancy carp, the incubated fancy carp seedlings are prepared for seed reservation cultivation except a small part due to high survival rate, and the rest of the young fancy carp seedlings are sold as pets by proper screening, so that the method has good economic benefit;

by using the method for artificially incubating the fancy carp, the incubated fancy carp seedlings have high survival rate, and most of the rest fancy carp seedlings are released to rivers, lakes and seas except for a few of fancy carp adult fishes which are prepared to be continuously cultivated after grading identification, so that the ecological balance of nature is maintained, and the natural biological diversity of the earth is maintained.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clear and definite for those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto;