阅读说明：本技术 一种光伏电站自动驱鸟系统及其控制方法 (Automatic bird repelling system for photovoltaic power station and control method of automatic bird repelling system ) 是由 陈勇 何学飞 黄超辉 彭泗维 于 2020-06-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种光伏电站自动驱鸟系统及其控制方法,此方法包括探测组件,用于探测光伏电站的光伏阵列的表面是否有障碍物；驱鸟组件,包括导轨、滑动组件和驱鸟单元,所述导轨位于光伏阵列边缘支架两侧,所述滑动组件滑动安装在所述导轨上；所述驱鸟单元位于各所述导轨上的滑动组件之间；所述滑动组件与所述探测组件相连,用于在接收到障碍物探测信号时,沿所述导轨滑动,以使驱鸟单元沿所述光伏阵列表面方向同步运动以实现驱鸟。本发明具有结构简单、经济环保、驱鸟效果可靠且不会造成声光污染等优点。(The invention discloses an automatic bird repelling system for a photovoltaic power station and a control method thereof, wherein the method comprises a detection assembly, a bird repelling assembly and a control assembly, wherein the detection assembly is used for detecting whether an obstacle exists on the surface of a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station; the bird repelling assembly comprises guide rails, sliding assemblies and bird repelling units, the guide rails are positioned on two sides of the photovoltaic array edge support, and the sliding assemblies are slidably mounted on the guide rails; the bird repelling units are positioned between the sliding assemblies on the guide rails; the sliding assembly is connected with the detection assembly and used for sliding along the guide rail when receiving an obstacle detection signal so as to enable the bird repelling unit to synchronously move along the surface direction of the photovoltaic array to repel birds. The bird scarer has the advantages of simple structure, economy, environmental protection, reliable bird scaring effect, no acousto-optic pollution and the like.)

1. Automatic bird system that drives of photovoltaic power plant, its characterized in that includes

The detection assembly (1) is used for detecting whether an obstacle exists on the surface of a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station;

the bird repelling assembly (2) comprises guide rails (21), sliding assemblies (22) and bird repelling units (23), the guide rails (21) are located on two sides of the photovoltaic array edge support, and the sliding assemblies (22) are slidably mounted on the guide rails (21); the bird repelling units (23) are positioned between the sliding assemblies (22) on the guide rails (21); the sliding assembly (22) is connected with the detection assembly (1) and used for sliding along the guide rail (21) when an obstacle detection signal is received, so that the bird repelling unit (23) synchronously moves along the surface direction of the photovoltaic array to repel birds.

2. The automatic bird repelling system of the photovoltaic power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bird repelling unit (23) comprises two fixing rods (231) and two connecting ropes (232), the two fixing rods (231) are respectively and fixedly mounted on the sliding assembly (22) and arranged along the length direction of the guide rail (21), two ends of one connecting rope (232) are respectively connected with one ends of the two fixing rods (231), and two ends of the other connecting rope (232) are respectively connected with the other ends of the two fixing rods (231).

3. The automatic bird repelling system of a photovoltaic power plant as claimed in claim 2, wherein the length of the two fixing rods (231) is the length of n photovoltaic modules, wherein n is a natural number.

4. The automatic bird repellent system for photovoltaic power plants of claim 2, characterized in that the connecting rope (232) is an elastic rope.

5. The automatic bird repelling system for the photovoltaic power station as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the detection assembly (1) comprises infrared detectors which are installed on two sides of a photovoltaic array in pairs.

6. The automatic bird repelling system of the photovoltaic power station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sliding assembly (22) comprises a stepping motor (221), a gear is mounted at the output end of the stepping motor (221), a rack is arranged on one side of the guide rail (21), and the gear and the rack are meshed with each other.

7. The automatic bird repelling system of the photovoltaic power plant according to claim 6, wherein a rotary incremental encoder is arranged on the stepping motor (221).

8. The automatic bird repelling system of the photovoltaic power station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a storage battery, wherein the input end of the storage battery is connected with the photovoltaic array, and the output end of the storage battery is connected with the detection assembly (1) and the sliding assembly (22).

9. The control method of the automatic bird repelling system of the photovoltaic power station as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) when the detection assembly (1) detects that an obstacle exists on the surface of a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station, an obstacle detection signal is sent to the bird repelling assembly (2);

2) when the bird repelling component (2) receives the obstacle detection signal, the sliding component (22) is controlled to slide along the guide rail (21), so that the bird repelling unit (23) synchronously moves along the surface direction of the photovoltaic array to repel birds.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that in step 2), the sliding assembly (22) slides from one end of the guide rail (21) to the other end, and the distance of each sliding is the width of a single photovoltaic assembly; when the sliding component (22) does not receive the obstacle detection signal in the sliding process, the sliding component returns to the initial position after executing the secondary sliding.

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power stations, in particular to an automatic bird repelling system of a photovoltaic power station and a control method thereof.

Background

In the operation process of the photovoltaic power station, the most important work is to clean and maintain the photovoltaic modules, and the cleaning degree of the photovoltaic modules has great influence on the generating capacity of the photovoltaic power station, so that each photovoltaic power generation enterprise needs to pay more expense for maintaining the photovoltaic modules. During maintenance of the power station, it is found that the retention of birds and their excretions have a great influence on the normal power generation of the photovoltaic module, especially in the projects of "fishing light complementation" and "farming light complementation", and that large-area photovoltaic arrays attract many birds to stay on the array module surface for a long time and thus leave a large amount of excretions. The harm of bird excrement to the photovoltaic power station mainly comprises the following points:

1. bird excrement can reduce the power generation capacity of the power station

Bird excrement can form the shadow and shelter from on photovoltaic module, because the battery piece is the series connection electricity generation in the photovoltaic module, the power generation efficiency of a whole cluster will be influenced to a shadow shelter, leads to the decline of system's generated energy.

2. Bird excrement can destroy the metal strength of the power station

The bird excrement contains chemical components such as urate, ammonium, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, carbonate and the like, and has certain corrosivity to the photovoltaic glass, and the ammonium salt in the bird excrement is easy to generate electrochemical reaction with metal in a humid environment and can damage the strength of the metal such as an aluminum frame, a steel bracket and the like of the photovoltaic module.

3. Bird excrement is liable to form hot spots and burn out the assembly

The accumulation of bird excrement can make photovoltaic module produce local shadow, and the current, the voltage of the battery monolithic that receives the shadow shading have changed, can produce local temperature rise on these battery pieces, and this kind of phenomenon is called "hot spot effect". The hot spot effect can seriously damage the components.

4. Bird excrement can increase the operation and maintenance cost of the power station

Bird excrement is not only corrosive, and the viscidity is also very big, and general sanitizer and cleaning robot wash can not fall, and different from the dust, these excrement also are difficult to be blown away or are washed away by the rainwater. Therefore, the frequency and difficulty of component cleaning will be greatly increased.

The existing bird repelling device for the photovoltaic power station, such as the patent of invention 'application number CN201811054038 of the bird repelling device for the solar photovoltaic module', is characterized in that a reflector is arranged on a rotating rod, and bird repelling is carried out by means of rotation and up-and-down change of light reflected by the reflector. The method is effective for certain birds at a certain angle, but the angle of the reflector cannot cover the surface of the whole photovoltaic module, and the bird repelling effect cannot be achieved in the area not covered by light rays.

In addition if patent application "photovoltaic square matrix drives bird ware CN 201821685886" connects detection device in the top of photovoltaic module, detection device detects whether the top of photovoltaic module has the obstacle, if have the obstacle then output signal to the controller, the controller sends control signal, drives the speaker, sends sound and carries out the expulsion to birds. However, the sound bird repelling not only can generate noise pollution and the loudspeaker has large power consumption, but also different birds have different sensitivity to the sound and the bird repelling effect is unstable.

Therefore, the existing bird repelling modes have the following defects: 1. ultrasonic wave bird repellent device: the power consumption is large, the non-directional bird repelling effect is realized, the influence on people nearby a field area is large, the investment is large, and the environment is not protected; 2. sound drives birds: noise pollution, large sound power consumption, different birds with different sensitivity to sound and unstable bird repelling effect; 3. optically driving the birds: adopt luminous and reflex reflector to drive away birds, cause light pollution, different birds sensitivity to light is different, and it is unstable to drive the bird effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the automatic bird repelling system for the photovoltaic power station and the control method thereof, wherein the automatic bird repelling system is simple in structure, economic and environment-friendly, reliable in bird repelling effect and free of acousto-optic pollution.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

automatic bird system that drives of photovoltaic power plant includes

The detection assembly is used for detecting whether an obstacle exists on the surface of a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station;

the bird repelling assembly comprises guide rails, sliding assemblies and bird repelling units, the guide rails are positioned on two sides of the photovoltaic array edge support, and the sliding assemblies are slidably mounted on the guide rails; the bird repelling units are positioned between the sliding assemblies on the guide rails; the sliding assembly is connected with the detection assembly and used for sliding along the guide rail when receiving an obstacle detection signal so as to enable the bird repelling unit to synchronously move along the surface direction of the photovoltaic array to repel birds.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

the bird repelling unit comprises two fixing rods and two connecting ropes, the two fixing rods are fixedly mounted on the sliding assembly respectively and are arranged along the length direction of the guide rail, two ends of one connecting rope are connected with one ends of the two fixing rods respectively, and two ends of the other connecting rope are connected with the other ends of the two fixing rods respectively.

The length of the two fixing rods is the length of n photovoltaic modules, wherein n is a natural number.

The connecting rope is an elastic rope.

The detection assembly comprises infrared detectors which are installed on two sides of the photovoltaic array in pairs.

The sliding assembly comprises a stepping motor, a gear is installed at the output end of the stepping motor, a rack is arranged on one side of the guide rail, and the gear is meshed with the rack.

And a rotary incremental encoder is arranged on the stepping motor.

The photovoltaic detection device is characterized by further comprising a storage battery, wherein the input end of the storage battery is connected with the photovoltaic array, and the output end of the storage battery is connected with the detection assembly and the sliding assembly.

The invention also discloses a control method of the automatic bird repelling system of the photovoltaic power station, which comprises the following steps:

1) when the detection assembly detects that an obstacle exists on the surface of a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station, an obstacle detection signal is sent to the bird repelling assembly;

2) when the bird repelling assembly receives the obstacle detection signal, the sliding assembly is controlled to slide along the guide rail, so that the bird repelling unit synchronously moves along the surface direction of the photovoltaic array to repel birds.

In the step 2), the sliding assembly slides from one end of the guide rail to the other end, and the sliding distance is the width of a single photovoltaic assembly; and in the sliding process of the sliding assembly, when the obstacle detection signal is not received, the sliding assembly returns to the initial position after the sliding is performed for the second time.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the bird barrier on the photovoltaic array is detected through the detection assembly, when the barrier exists on the photovoltaic array, the detection assembly sends a barrier detection signal to start the bird repelling assembly, the sliding assembly in the bird repelling assembly slides on the guide rail to drive the bird repelling unit to move on the surface of the photovoltaic array to repel birds, no birds stay on the photovoltaic array is ensured, the photovoltaic array is kept clean, the influence of shadow shielding generated by the stay of the birds and the excretion of the birds is avoided, and the power generation capacity of a photovoltaic system and the safety of the photovoltaic array are ensured; meanwhile, the local ecological environment is not disturbed too much, so that sound pollution or light pollution is caused, or health influence is caused to birds and people; the whole structure is simple, economic and environment-friendly.

The bird obstacle detection device detects bird obstacles on a photovoltaic array assembly through an infrared detector, a detection signal is used as an awakening signal of a controller, when the obstacles exist on the photovoltaic array, the detector sends an obstacle signal, the controller is started, the controller outputs a position control signal of a stepping motor, the stepping motor drives a connecting rope to drive birds on the photovoltaic array, and meanwhile, the position signal is fed back to the controller through a rotary incremental encoder of the stepping motor; when birds are driven away, the infrared detector sends a barrier-free signal, the controller controls the stepping motor to return to the original position and then enter a standby state (energy consumption is reduced), so that a closed loop system of detection-control-feedback-detection is formed, the birds are prevented from staying on the photovoltaic array surface, meanwhile, the invalid operation of the system is avoided, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced.

The invention adopts a controller (such as a microcontroller) to program, so that the system activates the actuating mechanism after detecting birds, and can flexibly select the operation mode; when birds are not detected, the execution mechanism is in a standby state, and the power consumption of the system is reduced. The invention adopts the stepping motor, can regulate and control the running direction, speed and running time of the stepping motor through a program instruction, and further regulate the running direction, speed, time and other parameters of the connecting rope, so that the system can be timely regulated to repel birds with different habits. The bird repelling device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that birds are repelled by the movement of the connecting rope on the photovoltaic array surface, the bird repelling device is safe and reliable, the movement space of the connecting rope completely covers the photovoltaic array surface, and the fact that no birds stay on the whole photovoltaic array surface can be effectively ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of the operation of the system of the present invention in an embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures denote: 1. a detection component; 2. a bird repelling assembly; 21. a guide rail; 22. a sliding assembly; 221. a stepping motor; 23. a bird repelling unit; 231. fixing the rod; 232. connecting ropes; 3. and a control box.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments of the description.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the automatic bird repelling system for the photovoltaic power station of the embodiment includes

The detection assembly 1 is used for detecting whether obstacles exist on the surface of a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station, wherein the obstacles on the photovoltaic array are mainly birds;

the bird repelling assembly 2 comprises guide rails 21, sliding assemblies 22 and bird repelling units 23, the guide rails 21 are positioned on two sides of a photovoltaic array edge support of the photovoltaic power station, and the sliding assemblies 22 are slidably mounted on the guide rails 21; the bird repelling unit 23 is positioned between the sliding assemblies 22 on the guide rails 21 on the two sides; the sliding assembly 22 is connected to the detection assembly 1 and configured to slide along the guide rail 21 when receiving an obstacle detection signal (i.e., determining that there is a bird on the photovoltaic array), so that the bird repelling unit 23 moves synchronously along the surface direction of the photovoltaic array to repel birds.

The bird barrier on the photovoltaic array is detected through the detection component 1, when the barrier exists on the photovoltaic array, the detection component 1 sends a barrier detection signal to start the bird repelling component 2, the sliding component 22 in the bird repelling component 2 slides on the guide rail 21 to drive the bird repelling unit 23 to move on the surface of the photovoltaic array to repel birds, no birds stay on the photovoltaic array is ensured, the photovoltaic array is kept clean, the influence of the birds stay and shadow shielding generated by bird excrement is avoided, and the power generation capacity of a photovoltaic system and the safety of the photovoltaic array are ensured; meanwhile, the local ecological environment is not disturbed too much, so that sound pollution or light pollution is caused, or health influence is caused to birds and people; the whole structure is simple, economic and environment-friendly.

In this embodiment, detection subassembly 1 includes infrared detector, installs in pairs in photovoltaic array's both sides, specifically installs on guide rail 21 on the inboard upper limb, and the mounted position is a little higher than photovoltaic array's surface, is convenient for detect the barrier. Of course, in other embodiments, radar, cameras, etc. may also be employed to achieve detection of obstacles.

In this embodiment, the bird repelling unit 23 includes two fixing rods 231 and two connecting ropes 232, the two fixing rods 231 are respectively and fixedly mounted on the sliding assembly 22 and arranged along the length direction of the guide rail 21, two ends of one of the connecting ropes 232 are respectively connected with one ends of the two fixing rods 231, and two ends of the other connecting rope 232 are respectively connected with the other ends of the two fixing rods 231. Wherein connect the rope 232 and be the elasticity rope, can not cause the injury to birds. In addition, the length of the two connecting ropes 232 is consistent with the width of the photovoltaic array, the distance between the connecting ropes 232 (namely the length of the fixing rod 231) is the length of one photovoltaic module, and the connecting ropes 232 cannot generate shadow shielding in a reset or static state; meanwhile, the two connecting ropes 232 can reduce the stroke of the sliding assembly 22, so that the aim of quickly repelling birds is fulfilled. Of course, in other embodiments, the length of the fixing bar 231 may also be the length of a plurality of photovoltaic modules; the connecting ropes 232 between the fixing bars 231 may be three, four or more; alternatively, the connecting string 232 may be replaced with a connecting net or a rod.

In this embodiment, the sliding assembly 22 includes two stepping motors 221 respectively located on the two guide rails 21, and the two stepping motors 221 have the same structure; the output end of each stepping motor 221 is provided with a gear (not shown in the figure), the inner side of the guide rail 21 is provided with a rack (not shown in the figure), and the gear and the rack are meshed with each other; the stepping motor 221 rotates, the rear driving gear rotates through the speed reducer, and the stepping motor 221 slides on the guide rail 21 through the meshing of the gear and the rack. Wherein, the stepping motor 221 is provided with a rotary incremental encoder, which can accurately monitor the sliding distance. In addition, the fixing rod 231 is attached to the upper side of the stepping motor 221 by an auxiliary. Of course, in other embodiments, a single transverse stepper motor 221 disposed on one side of the rail 21 may be used instead of the two longitudinal stepper motors 221.

In this embodiment, the detection device further includes a storage battery (not shown in the figure), an input end of the storage battery is connected to the photovoltaic array, the photovoltaic array generates electricity and charges the storage battery through voltage conversion, and an output end of the storage battery is connected to the detection assembly 1 and the sliding assembly 22 and is used for supplying power (such as safety level voltage of DC12V or DC 24V) to the detection assembly 1 and the stepping motor 221. The stepping motor 221, the infrared detector and the storage battery are all controlled by the controller, the controller and the storage battery are packaged in the control box 3, the control box 3 is connected to the stepping motor 221 through a control cable and a power cable, and stroke control over the stepping motor 221 is achieved.

When the control box 3 is installed, the control box is fixedly installed below the guide rail 21; the guide rail 21 is fixed on the part of the photovoltaic transverse support, which exceeds the assembly, through a clip, and the left side and the right side of the photovoltaic array are respectively provided with one guide rail; the stepping motor 221 is mounted above the guide rail 21, and the stepping motor 221 can freely slide on the guide rail 21 through a gear-rack structure; wherein the infrared detector is paired with the guide rail 21; the fixing rod 231 is installed on the stepping motor 221 on the left and right of the photovoltaic array through the auxiliary parts, and the connecting ropes 232 are located at two ends of the fixing rod 231, wherein the photovoltaic array is generally a 2 × N square matrix, so that the arrangement of the two connecting ropes 232 can reduce the stroke of the stepping motor 221 and achieve the purpose of quickly driving birds.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the invention also discloses a control method of the automatic bird repelling system of the photovoltaic power station, which comprises the following steps:

1) when the detection component 1 detects that an obstacle exists on the surface of a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station, an obstacle detection signal is sent to the bird repelling component 2;

2) when the bird repelling component 2 receives the obstacle detection signal, the sliding component 22 is controlled to slide along the guide rail 21, so that the bird repelling unit 23 synchronously moves along the surface direction of the photovoltaic array to repel birds.

In the present embodiment, in step 2), the sliding assembly 22 slides from one end of the guide rail 21 to the other end; when the obstacle detection signal is not received during the sliding of the slide assembly 22, the sliding is stopped and the initial position is returned.

In a specific embodiment, the guide rail 21 is divided into four sections, and when the position of the upper connecting rope 232 is at the top end of the photovoltaic array, the position command of the stepping motor 221 at the time is set to "0000";

detecting whether an obstacle exists on the surface of the photovoltaic array by using an infrared detector; if not, the infrared detector sends a command "00" to the standby port of the controller, and after receiving the command "00", the controller sends a command "0000" to the stepping motor 221, and the stepping motor 221 returns to the origin (i.e., as shown in a in fig. 3); then entering a standby state, and continuously detecting by the infrared detector;

when the infrared detector detects that an obstacle is on the surface of the photovoltaic module, an instruction '01' is sent to a standby port of the controller, the '01' is used as a controller awakening instruction, the stepping motor 221 is started, the controller sends a position instruction to the stepping motor 221 in sequence, and the stepping motor 221 drives the connecting rope 232 to move on the photovoltaic array to drive birds; meanwhile, a rotary incremental encoder of the stepping motor 221 feeds back a motor running position signal to the controller;

when the connecting string 232 position moves down to 1/4 of the photovoltaic array, as shown in b in fig. 3, the stepper motor 221 position command at this time is set to "0001". Similarly, when the operation is carried out to 1/2, as shown in c in fig. 3, the position command of the stepping motor 221 is set to "0010"; when the position is 3/4, setting the position command of the stepping motor 221 as '0100'; when the connecting string 232 reaches the edge position of the photovoltaic array, as shown by d in fig. 3, the motor position command is set to "1000". The connecting string 232 is now positioned to the lower edge of the module below the photovoltaic array.

Thus, the two connecting ropes 232 complete a single-side bird repelling stroke on the photovoltaic array. At this time, the program sends a stepping motor 221 position command "0000", and the stepping motor 221 runs backward to return to the origin.

And (3) interrupting the program: during the operation of the connecting rope 232, the infrared detector simultaneously detects in real time. Due to the driving of the connecting rope 232, after birds fly away, the infrared detector does not detect the obstacles, and sends a '00' instruction to the controller. At this time, the stepping motor 221 receives a "0000" signal from the controller, interrupts the current stroke, and returns to the origin.

The bird barrier on the photovoltaic array is detected through the infrared detector, a detection signal is used as an awakening signal of the controller, when the barrier exists on the photovoltaic array, the infrared detector sends a barrier signal, the controller is started, the controller outputs a position control signal of the stepping motor 221, the stepping motor 221 drives the connecting rope 232 to drive the birds on the photovoltaic array, and meanwhile, the position signal is fed back to the controller through the incremental encoder rotated by the stepping motor 221; when birds are driven away, the infrared detector sends a 'no-obstacle' signal, the controller controls the stepping motor 221 to return to the original position and then enter a standby state (energy consumption is reduced), so that a closed loop system of detection, control, feedback and detection is formed, the situation that no birds stay on the photovoltaic array surface is guaranteed, meanwhile, invalid operation of the system is avoided, and energy consumption of the system is reduced.

The invention adopts a controller (such as a microcontroller) to program, so that the system activates the actuating mechanism after detecting birds, and can flexibly select the operation mode; when birds are not detected, the execution mechanism is in a standby state, and the power consumption of the system is reduced. The invention adopts the stepping motor 221, and the running direction, speed and running time of the stepping motor 221 can be regulated and controlled through program instructions, so that the running direction, speed, time and other parameters of the connecting rope 232 can be regulated, the system can be timely regulated, and birds with different habits can be repelled. The bird repelling device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that birds are repelled by the movement of the connecting rope 232 on the photovoltaic array surface, the bird repelling device is safe and reliable, and the movement space of the connecting rope 232 completely covers the photovoltaic array surface, so that the situation that no birds stay on the whole photovoltaic array surface can be effectively ensured.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.