阅读说明：本技术 一种具备阻燃功能的工程材料 (Engineering material with flame retardant function ) 是由 宋忠喜 于 2020-05-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种具备阻燃功能的工程材料,包括：缓冲层、扩张层以及基质层,所述基质层为PA66材料,所述基质层具备受热稳定性；所述缓冲层由若干层面料组成,所述面料为熔喷聚丙烯面料,所述熔喷聚丙烯面料表面有密集排布的贯穿孔,气体能够从厚度方向缓慢渗透通过所述缓冲层,若干所述熔喷聚丙烯面料,越靠近所述扩张层的面料孔隙越大,最远离所述扩张层的所述熔喷聚丙烯面料无法使固体葡萄糖酸钙颗粒通过；所述扩张层被所述缓冲层与所述基质层夹在中间,所述扩张层材料为固态葡萄糖酸钙,所述扩张层由若干大小不一的葡萄糖酸钙颗粒组成；所述缓冲层、所述扩张层以及所述基质层在为受热状态下紧密贴合,本发明能够对缓冲层一侧的热源进行多重隔离,通过物理以及化学手段的防护措施,提高了本发明对基质层一侧的保护能力。(The invention discloses an engineering material with a flame retardant function, which comprises the following components: the buffer layer, the expansion layer and the matrix layer are made of PA66 material, and the matrix layer has thermal stability; the buffer layer is composed of a plurality of layers of fabrics, the fabrics are melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, through holes which are densely distributed are formed in the surfaces of the melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, gas can slowly permeate through the buffer layer from the thickness direction, the fabric pores of the plurality of melt-blown polypropylene fabrics which are closer to the expansion layer are larger, and the melt-blown polypropylene fabrics which are farthest from the expansion layer cannot enable solid calcium gluconate particles to pass through; the expansion layer is sandwiched by the buffer layer and the substrate layer, the expansion layer is made of solid calcium gluconate and consists of a plurality of calcium gluconate particles with different sizes; the buffer layer, the expansion layer and the substrate layer are tightly attached in a heated state, the buffer layer, the expansion layer and the substrate layer can carry out multiple isolation on a heat source on one side of the buffer layer, and the protection capability of the buffer layer on one side of the substrate layer is improved through protection measures of physical and chemical means.)

1. An engineering material with flame retardant function, comprising: buffer layer, expansion layer and matrix layer, its characterized in that:

the substrate layer is made of PA66 material and has thermal stability;

the buffer layer is composed of a plurality of layers of fabrics, the fabrics are melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, through holes which are densely distributed are formed in the surface of the melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, gas can slowly permeate through the buffer layer from the thickness direction, and the fabric pores of the plurality of melt-blown polypropylene fabrics which are closer to the expansion layer are larger;

the expansion layer is sandwiched by the buffer layer and the matrix layer, the expansion layer is made of solid carbohydrate, and the expansion layer is composed of a plurality of carbohydrate particles with different sizes;

the buffer layer, the expansion layer and the substrate layer are tightly attached in an unheated state.

2. The engineering material with flame retardant function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carbohydrate adopted by the expanding layer is calcium gluconate granules.

3. The engineering material with flame retardant function as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the melt-blown polypropylene fabric furthest away from the expanding layer cannot allow solid calcium gluconate particles to pass through.

4. The engineering material with flame retardant function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the buffer layer weakens and transmits heat to the expansion layer by layer through a plurality of layers of melt-blown polypropylene fabrics.

5. The engineering material with flame retardant function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the expanding layer reacts with oxygen to slowly release carbon dioxide after being heated.

6. The engineering material with flame retardant function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the expansion layer reacts with oxygen after being heated, and the volume of the expansion layer is increased.

7. The engineering material with a flame retardant function according to claim 5, wherein: the base plate is not deformed when being heated, and the volume of the expansion layer is increased towards the direction of the buffer layer.

8. The engineering material with flame retardant function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the expansion layer is a plurality of non-coherent solid calcium gluconate blocks which are distributed at equal intervals.

9. The method for preparing an intumescent layer of an engineering material with flame retardant function according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein: grinding and crushing egg shells to obtain egg shell powder, adding water and gluconic acid with a certain concentration into the egg shell powder, standing for a period of time, and filtering reaction liquid to obtain calcium gluconate, wherein the calcium gluconate is fine particles.

10. The method for preparing the substrate layer of the engineering material with the flame retardant function according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that: manufacturing a shell with the inner space of the required shape, pouring the molten PA66 solid particles into the shell until the inner space of the shell is completely filled, sealing the shell, and taking out the shaped PA66 material after the PA66 is cooled to be used as the matrix layer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of high polymer materials, in particular to an engineering material with a flame retardant function.

Background

GB50222-95 fireproof code for interior decoration design of buildings requires that the interior decoration design of buildings properly deal with the contradiction between decoration effect and use safety in the code, and the fire-retardant material and the incombustible material are actively adopted, so that the material which generates a large amount of smoke or toxic gas during combustion is avoided as much as possible, and the fire-retardant fireproof code is safe and applicable, advanced in technology and reasonable in economy.

The fireproof plate is the most common material in the market at present. One is a high-pressure decorative refractory plate, which has the advantages of fire resistance, moisture resistance, wear resistance, oil resistance, easy cleaning and more colors and varieties; one is a glass-magnesium fireproof plate, the outer layer is a decorative material, the inner layer is a mineral glass-magnesium fireproof material, and the glass-magnesium fireproof plate can resist 1500 ℃ high temperature but has poor decoration. The fireproof suspended ceiling is arranged at the exit passage of the building, the stairwell, the corridor and the like, so that people can be safely evacuated in case of fire, and the people are protected from being invaded by spreading fire. The combustion performance of building materials refers to all physical and chemical changes generated when the building materials are combusted or meet fire, and the performance is measured by the characteristics of the ignition performance and flame propagation performance of the surface of the materials, heating, fuming, charring, weight loss, generation of toxic products and the like. The national standard GB8624-97 of China classifies the combustion performance of building materials into the following grades. Class A is a non-combustible building material, i.e., a material which hardly burns. B1 level fire-retardant building material, which has good fire-retardant effect, is difficult to ignite in the air or under the action of high temperature, is not easy to spread quickly, and stops burning immediately after the fire source is removed. B2 level, combustible building material, combustible material, has certain flame-retardant function. When meeting open fire or under the action of high temperature, the fire can be immediately ignited and burnt in the air, and the fire is easy to spread, such as wood columns, wood roof trusses, wood beams, wood stairs and the like. Grade B3, flammable building material, has no flame retardant effect, is extremely easy to burn and has great fire hazard.

However, most of the existing flame-retardant materials can only realize passive fire prevention by means of the physical characteristics of the materials, and cannot influence the fire source in a reverse mode.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides an engineering material with a flame retardant function.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an engineering material with flame retardant function, comprising: the buffer layer, the expansion layer and the matrix layer are made of PA66 material, and the matrix layer has thermal stability; the buffer layer is composed of a plurality of layers of fabrics, the fabrics are melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, through holes which are densely distributed are formed in the surface of the melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, gas can slowly permeate through the buffer layer from the thickness direction, and the fabric pores of the plurality of melt-blown polypropylene fabrics which are closer to the expansion layer are larger; the expansion layer is sandwiched by the buffer layer and the matrix layer, the expansion layer is made of solid carbohydrate, and the expansion layer is composed of a plurality of carbohydrate particles with different sizes; the buffer layer, the expansion layer and the substrate layer are tightly attached in an unheated state.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbohydrate used in the expanding layer is calcium gluconate granules.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the melt-blown polypropylene fabric farthest from the expansion layer cannot pass solid calcium gluconate particles.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the buffer layer weakens and transfers heat to the expansion layer by layer through a plurality of layers of melt-blown polypropylene fabrics.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expanding layer reacts with oxygen to slowly release carbon dioxide after being heated.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expanding layer reacts with oxygen after being heated, and the volume of the expanding layer is increased.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substrate plate is not deformed by heating, and the volume of the expansion layer is increased towards the buffer layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expanding layer is a plurality of non-coherent solid calcium gluconate blocks distributed at equal intervals.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the buffer layer of the engineering material with the flame retardant function, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the polypropylene particles are melted at high temperature, the polypropylene particles are dragged by high-speed airflow to be sprayed on a plane, and the buffer layer is formed after the polypropylene material is cooled.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the expansion layer of the engineering material with the flame retardant function, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: grinding and crushing egg shells to obtain egg shell powder, adding water and gluconic acid with a certain concentration into the egg shell powder, standing for a period of time, and filtering reaction liquid to obtain calcium gluconate, wherein the calcium gluconate is fine particles.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the substrate layer of the engineering material with the flame retardant function, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: manufacturing a shell with the inner space of the required shape, pouring the molten PA66 solid particles into the shell until the inner space of the shell is completely filled, sealing the shell, and taking out the shaped PA66 material after the PA66 is cooled to be used as the matrix layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flame retardant material is enclosed in a barrel shape.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate layer is a flexible PA66 material.

The invention solves the defects in the background technology, and has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the flame retardant material provided by the invention comprises a buffer layer, an expansion layer and a substrate layer, and the three-layer structure can realize functional grading through structural layering, so that the material can realize a flame retardant protection function to a greater extent;

the substrate layer is made of PA66 material, PA66 material has high tensile strength and excellent toughness and impact resistance, so that protected articles on one side of the substrate layer cannot be affected by matrix deformation; the PA66 material has water-absorbing properties, and can absorb water generated by heating the expanded layer made of calcium gluconate, thereby further protecting the article on the substrate layer side while lowering the temperature of the substrate layer; the PA66 material has good wear resistance and good chemical resistance, so that the matrix layer can not react with the expansion layer, and the matrix layer and the expansion layer can respectively realize respective functions even under high temperature; the PA66 material has self-extinguishing property, and the material can be automatically extinguished after leaving a fire source, so that the safety of the invention is further ensured;

the buffer layer is composed of a plurality of layers of fabrics, the fabrics are melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, the melt-blown polypropylene fabrics have certain toughness and can play a certain supporting role on the expansion layer through large-area contact, and through holes which are densely distributed are formed in the surfaces of the melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, so that gas can slowly permeate through the buffer layer from the thickness direction, carbon dioxide gas generated by heating the expansion layer is prevented from rapidly drifting, and carbon dioxide can play a flame-retardant role for a long time and a long time; when the expanding layer releases carbon dioxide gas, the releasing speed is higher than the passing speed, so that the inner space is enlarged, and the melt-blown material has certain stretchability and can adapt to the volume change; the fabric pores of the melt-blown polypropylene fabrics which are closer to the expansion layer are larger, so that a small amount of calcium gluconate particles falling off from the expansion layer can be gradually distributed in the thickness direction of the buffer layer, the flame-retardant long-acting property of the expansion layer for releasing carbon dioxide is further improved, the melt-blown polypropylene fabrics which are farthest away from the expansion layer cannot allow solid calcium gluconate particles to pass through, and the calcium gluconate particles are fixed inside the fabric.

The expansion layer is sandwiched by the buffer layer and the substrate layer, the substrate layer can limit the expansion layer, so that gas generated by heating the expansion layer faces a heat source, the expansion layer is made of solid calcium gluconate, water, carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate can be generated after the calcium gluconate is heated, the flame retardant function can be realized, and the expansion layer is harmless to a human body; the calcium gluconate adopted by the expansion layer is heated and then reacts with oxygen to slowly release carbon dioxide, so that the slow release of the carbon dioxide is realized from the chemical reaction of the material, and the long-acting and durable guarantee is provided from the two aspects of internal and external conditions in concert with the physical slow-release effect of the buffer layer.

(2) The buffer layer, the expansion layer and the substrate layer are tightly attached in an unheated state, so that the flame-retardant material provided by the invention is high in integration degree and can be applied to various fields.

(3) When the buffer layer is heated, the polypropylene melt-blown material is slowly melted, on one hand, the polypropylene melt-blown material is melted into a liquid state, has certain self-extinguishing property, can limit the temperature of a fire source to a certain degree, and simultaneously, the melted polypropylene material is melted to reduce the heat transfer efficiency; on the other hand, the aperture of the through hole in the thickness direction is enlarged after the polypropylene melt-blown material is melted, so that the throughput of carbon dioxide is gradually increased along with the melting degree, and the flame-retardant effect of the invention can be positively improved along with the heating degree of an external heat source.

Meanwhile, when the buffer layer is heated, in the heat transfer process, the buffer layer weakens and transfers heat to the expansion layer through the plurality of layers of melt-blown polypropylene fabrics, so that the expansion layer can not generate a rapid heating reaction, and the long-acting property and the stability of the invention are improved.

(4) According to the invention, the buffer layer is connected to the surface of the expansion layer, the speed of releasing carbon dioxide by the expansion layer is slow, so that most calcium gluconate particles of the expansion layer are in a non-working state, the expansion layer is a plurality of non-coherent solid calcium gluconate pieces distributed at equal intervals, the buffer layer is connected with the expansion layer through dot matrix connection, and meanwhile, on the premise of not influencing the flame-retardant function, the quantity of calcium gluconate pieces per unit volume of the expansion layer is reduced, the cost is saved, and meanwhile, the flame-retardant material provided by the invention is lighter in weight and has better practicability.

(5) The preparation method of the expanding layer utilizes the waste egg shells as raw materials, reduces the preparation cost and can be suitable for industrial large-scale production.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts;

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective structural view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a structural view of a melt-blown production apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a conveyor belt; 2. an air injection device; 3. a melt-blown nozzle; 4. a suction device; 5. A buffer layer; 6. an expansion layer; 7. a substrate layer; 8. melt-blown fabric; 9. calcium gluconate granules.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.