阅读说明：本技术 一种自动控制磨盘间距的节能秸秆分解机及控制方法 (Energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling grinding disc distance and control method ) 是由 苏沁阳 于 2020-06-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种秸秆分解机,包括底座、固定在底座一端的主电机、主电机的电机主轴与可拉伸联轴器固接,可拉伸联轴器与主旋转轴的一端固接、主旋转轴穿过固定在轴承固定座内的轴承总成,轴承总成用于支撑旋转状态的主旋转轴,主旋转轴的另一端固定连接有动磨盘；轴承总成可以在动力装置的作用下带动主旋转轴及动磨盘轴向移动,起到调节动磨盘与静磨盘之间间距的效果；本发明还公开了磨盘间距自动控制的方法,该方法能够精确、连续、自动调节动磨盘与静磨盘的间距；动磨盘与静磨盘均采用非金属材料制备；本发明还公开了一种均衡喂料装置及一种克服磨盘阻力的惯性轮装置；秸秆分解机具有节能、制浆效果好、磨盘使用寿命长等的优点。(The invention discloses a straw decomposition machine, which comprises a base, a main motor fixed at one end of the base, a motor main shaft of the main motor fixedly connected with a stretchable coupler, the stretchable coupler fixedly connected with one end of a main rotating shaft, the main rotating shaft penetrating through a bearing assembly fixed in a bearing fixing seat, the bearing assembly being used for supporting the main rotating shaft in a rotating state, and the other end of the main rotating shaft being fixedly connected with a movable grinding disc; the bearing assembly can drive the main rotating shaft and the movable grinding disc to axially move under the action of the power device, and the effect of adjusting the distance between the movable grinding disc and the static grinding disc is achieved; the invention also discloses a method for automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs, which can accurately, continuously and automatically adjust the distance between the movable grinding disc and the static grinding disc; the movable grinding disc and the static grinding disc are both made of non-metal materials; the invention also discloses a balanced feeding device and an inertia wheel device for overcoming the resistance of the grinding disc; the straw decomposer has the advantages of energy conservation, good pulping effect, long service life of the millstone and the like.)

1. An energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between grinding discs comprises a base, a main motor fixed at one end of the base, a motor spindle of the main motor fixedly connected with a stretchable coupler, the stretchable coupler fixedly connected with one end of a main rotating shaft, the main rotating shaft penetrates through a fixed seat, the fixed seat is used for supporting the main rotating shaft in a rotating state, the other end of the main rotating shaft penetrates through a pulp chamber and is fixedly connected with a movable grinding disc in the pulp chamber, and the energy-saving straw decomposition machine is characterized in that the fixed seat comprises a frame and a circular outer cover supported by the frame, a bearing assembly capable of axially sliding relative to the outer cover is fixed in the outer cover, the bearing assembly is rotatably connected in series and fixed on the main rotating shaft, a power device is externally connected with the bearing assembly, and the power device drives the bearing assembly and the main rotating shaft to synchronously and axially move back, the main rotating shaft drives the stretchable coupling and the movable grinding disc to synchronously and axially move back and forth.

2. The energy-saving straw decomposing machine capable of automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing according to claim 1, wherein the bearing assembly comprises a ring-shaped axial sliding bearing capable of axially sliding relative to the inner surface of the outer cover, a ring-shaped radial rotating bearing coaxial with the axial sliding bearing is connected in a bearing hole of the axial sliding bearing, the bearing assembly further comprises a ring-shaped front bearing cover and a ring-shaped rear bearing cover, and the front bearing cover and the rear bearing cover lock the axial sliding bearing and the radial rotating bearing together from two sides respectively; the main rotating shaft sequentially penetrates through the circular ring hole of the rear bearing cover, the bearing hole of the radial rotating bearing and the circular ring hole of the front bearing cover, the main rotating shaft and the radial rotating bearing are rotatably and fixedly connected in series, and the radial rotating bearing is driven by the main rotating shaft to synchronously rotate in a radial direction; two groups of bearing assemblies are arranged in the outer cover in a front-back mode and are respectively called a first bearing assembly (front) and a second bearing assembly (back), the first bearing assembly is externally connected with the power device and can axially slide back and forth, and the second bearing assembly fixedly supports the main rotating shaft; the movable grinding disc is opposite to a fixed grinding disc fixed in the grinding chamber, and the fixed grinding disc and the movable grinding disc are both made of hard and rough non-metal materials with good heat insulation effect.

3. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing according to claim 2, wherein a fracture penetrating through the outer cover is formed in the outer cover, the fracture divides the outer cover into a front section and a rear section which are respectively called as a front outer cover and a rear outer cover, the first bearing assembly is fixed in the front outer cover, and the second bearing assembly is fixed in the rear outer cover; the power device comprises a connecting rear disc fixed at the rear end of the outer surface of the rear outer cover, the connecting rear disc is in a circular ring shape and is coaxial with the rear outer cover, a plurality of groups of power source devices are fixed on the connecting rear disc, a circular ring-shaped connecting disc is fixedly connected to the front end of a power shaft of each power source device, the connecting disc is located at a fracture of the outer cover, the connecting disc is connected to a main rotating shaft at the fracture in series, the connecting disc moves back and forth along the main rotating shaft under the driving of external force, and the moving range is limited to the width of the fracture; the power device further comprises an M8 bolt, one end of the M8 bolt is bolted with the connecting disc, the other end of the M8 bolt is fixedly connected with a rear bearing cover of the first bearing assembly, and the power shaft pushes the connecting disc, the first bearing assembly, the main rotating shaft, the stretchable coupling and the movable grinding disc to move back and forth in the axial direction synchronously.

4. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing according to claim 3, wherein the power source device is one of a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric motor; the power source devices are 1-8 groups, and a plurality of groups of power source devices are symmetrically arranged on the connecting rear disc; a power shaft of the power source device is bolted with the connecting disc; the pulp chamber is fixedly connected with one side of the fixed seat through a connecting arm.

5. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs as claimed in claim 4, wherein the outer cover is made of metal material or hard non-metal material, the outer surface of the front outer cover is fixed with the detection end of an electronic ruler, the telescopic measuring rod of the electronic ruler is fixedly connected with the connecting disc, and the connecting disc drives the telescopic measuring rod to move back and forth in the axial direction synchronously; the detection end of the electronic ruler is electrically connected with a first control end, the first control end is a programmable logic controller with a touch screen or a computer with program software, and the first control end is electrically connected with the power source device.

6. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs according to claim 1, wherein the stretchable coupling comprises a hollow cylindrical rear coupling sleeve, the motor spindle is fixedly sleeved inside one end of the rear coupling sleeve, the stretchable coupling further comprises a hollow cylindrical front coupling sleeve, the other end of the rear coupling sleeve is fixedly sleeved inside one end of the front coupling sleeve, and one end of the main rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved inside the other end of the front coupling sleeve; a plurality of round holes are formed in the joint of the front coupling shaft sleeve and the rear coupling shaft sleeve, the rear coupling shaft sleeve and the front coupling shaft sleeve respectively occupy a semicircle of each round hole, and a cylindrical bolt is inserted into each round hole; an annular bolt blocking disc is arranged along the outer wall of the rear coupling sleeve, and the bolt blocking disc blocks the opening end of the round hole from the outside; the front coupling sleeve, the bolt blocking disc, the rear coupling sleeve and the cylindrical bolt are all made of metal materials or hard non-metal materials.

7. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inertia wheel for overcoming the resistance of the grinding discs is also connected in series on the main rotating shaft, the hollow aperture of the inertia wheel is the same as the diameter of the main rotating shaft, and the inertia wheel is connected in series between the outer cover and the stretchable coupling; the brake device is characterized by further comprising a brake oil cylinder fixed on the base, a square brake pad is integrally connected to the front end of a first hydraulic rod of the brake oil cylinder, and the brake pad is pushed by a piston of the brake oil cylinder to abut against the rotating inertia wheel, so that a brake effect is achieved; the first hydraulic rod and the inertia wheel are made of one of metal materials or hard non-metal materials.

8. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing according to any one of claim 1, further comprising a uniform feeding device, wherein the uniform feeding device comprises a feeding auger connected with an auger motor, a discharge hole of the feeding auger is connected with a first feed hole of the pulp chamber, a second feed hole is formed in the upper portion of the feeding auger, the second feed hole is connected with a feeding funnel, a plurality of identical thumb wheel blades are arranged in a cylindrical accommodating cavity of the feeding funnel, and the accommodating cavity is divided into a plurality of small material cavities by two adjacent thumb wheel blades; the plurality of thumb wheel blades are vertically arranged and are connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a feeding motor fixed on the upper part of the feeding hopper, and the feeding motor controls the thumb wheel blades to horizontally rotate; the diameter of the feeding funnel is 1-3 meters, a third feeding port of the feeding funnel is used for manually filling straw materials, and the third feeding port and the second feeding port are not oppositely arranged from top to bottom.

9. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing according to claim 8, wherein the feeding motor and the main motor are respectively connected with a second control end, and the second control end is a programmable logic controller with a touch screen or a computer with program software.

10. The automatic control method for the grinding disc spacing of the energy-saving straw decomposition machine according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) taking the optimal distance between a movable grinding disc and a fixed grinding disc (hereinafter referred to as two discs) obtained by experiments in advance as a calibration value, inputting the calibration value into the programmable logic controller or program software of a computer, and stabilizing the distance between the two discs under the calibration value to ensure that the grinding force, the temperature and the pressure are proper and the obtained grinding quality is highest;

2) zeroing the electronic ruler, adjusting the distance between the two discs to the calibrated value, starting a main motor and grinding straws, simultaneously detecting the displacement of the telescopic measuring rod in real time, inputting the displacement value of the telescopic measuring rod to the program software of the programmable logic controller or the computer in real time, and calculating the distance between the two discs in real time by the program software of the programmable logic controller or the computer according to the calibrated value and the displacement value of the telescopic measuring rod;

3) logic judgment, when the distance between the two disks is larger than the calibration value, the programmable logic controller or program software of a computer sends a signal to the power source device, a power shaft of the power source device pushes the second hydraulic rod to advance at a fixed speed, and the distance between the two disks is adjusted to be the calibration value; when the distance between the two disks is smaller than the calibration value, the programmable logic controller or the program software of the computer sends a signal to the power source device, the power shaft of the power source device pulls the second hydraulic rod to retreat at a fixed speed, and the distance between the two disks is adjusted to be the calibration value.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of straw decomposers, and particularly relates to an energy-saving straw decomposer capable of automatically controlling the distance between grinding discs and a control method.

Background

Item background

Every billion tons of straws are produced by various crops in China, and a considerable part of the straws are not available at present. Straw burning pollutes the atmosphere. Crushing and returning to the field, influencing the growth of the next crop and simultaneously generating a large amount of haze gas. A large amount of straw resources cannot be utilized. The main reason for this is the lack of a technique that can clean, produce large quantities of straw with high efficiency.

The applicant researches the comprehensive utilization of straws from 1999 and innovates a straw fiber decomposition machine. The method utilizes a physical method, does not add any chemical agent, obtains straw fiber, can recycle water, uses waste residues as fertilizer, does not pollute the environment, and utilizes the straw as a whole resource. Multiple national patents are obtained in sequence.

The straw papermaking needs to add chemical preparations such as acid and alkali, and is a main obstacle of straw papermaking. Why can the clean pulping technique do it without adding chemicals? The main reasons are three points:

1 transformation of thinking pattern

The traditional straw pulping thought is to thoroughly remove lignin in the straw. Along this line, pulping without acid and base is difficult to achieve. We have left the traditional thinking that, instead of removing lignin, the fibers are separated from each other, and lignin is still mostly attached to the surfaces of the straw fibers, but the mutual overlapping of the fibers is not influenced.

2 changing the material and tooth form of the grinding disc

The high-concentration mill for traditional pulping is mainly used for preparing wood fibers, and the movable disc and the fixed disc are both steel grinding discs, are fine and sharp in tooth shape, strong in cutting-off capacity and weak in grinding capacity. The straw lignin and cellulose are tightly bonded, the internal bonding force is strong, the outer wall is hard, and the fiber is crisp, hard and short. The steel millstone is used, the straws can only be smashed, and the straw fibers cannot be separated, so that a nonmetal millstone is created according to nonmetal characteristics and a straw denaturation principle.

The lignin in the straw is changed from a brittle and hard glass state into a soft rubber state at the temperature of more than 120 ℃, and the bonding consolidation force is weakened, so that the fiber in the straw is easy to separate. The nonmetal mill has good heat insulating property, large contact surface and rough surface, so that the temperature is instantaneously generated in the mill, the tooth surface of the nonmetal mill is smooth, the contact surface is large, and the shearing force is converted into the grinding force. The straws are not crushed but are torn, extruded and ground in a decomposer, so that the straws are divided into fibers, separated, swollen and broomed to form paper pulp.

3 promoting the growth and avoiding the growth

Mechanical pulp has an incomplete separation of lignin from cellulose compared to chemical pulping. The lignin is broken into fine particles, and most of the lignin still adheres to the surface of the straw fiber. Therefore, the inner binding force is low, the hardness is high, and the paper is not suitable for manufacturing cultural paper and toilet paper.

However, the mechanical pulp has the characteristics that the mechanical pulp is very suitable for products such as corrugated paper, yellow board, pulp molding products, fiber boards and the like. During the processing of the products, under the action of high temperature and high pressure, the lignin attached to the surfaces of the straw fibers is converted from a glass state to a rubber state again to form a bonding object between the fibers. Through the second denaturation, cellulose and lignin are solidified and combined, so that the product has the characteristics of wood, good stiffness and strong internal binding force. The disadvantages of mechanical pulp are reversed to advantages.

The key points of the two applicant technologies

1 the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc of the existing straw decomposition pulping machine can not be accurately regulated, the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc of the straw decomposition pulping machine of the applicant can be accurately regulated, a high-temperature high-pressure environment required for grinding straws is formed by regulating the proper distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc, and under the action of high temperature and high pressure, lignin attached to the surfaces of straw fibers is converted into a rubber body again from a glass state to become a bonding object between the fibers.

The reasonable grinding disc gap is an important guarantee for the straw pulping quality. Too large gap, insufficient pressure, temperature and grinding force of the grinding disc, and low quality of the straw devillicate and brooming. The gap between the millstones is too small, the straws are ground and crushed, the fibers are too short, and the binding force in the straw pulp is poor. The grinding disc of the straw decomposition machine is restarted, replaced, abraded and thinned and the like. The gap between the two grinding discs needs to be adjusted frequently to keep a reasonable gap distance between the two grinding discs, the existing grinding discs generally manually adjust and control the gap distance between the two grinding discs, which is very inconvenient, and meanwhile, although the Chinese patent invention with the publication number of CN110205850A shows that the machine can automatically and accurately control the gap distance between the grinding discs and the static grinding disc, the description of the principle and the mechanical structure of the gap adjustment and control is not clear enough and is difficult to realize.

2. The movable disc and the static disc of the grinding disc are both made of non-metallic materials. The non-metallic material with good heat insulation performance, rough surface and high hardness is selected. The grinding disc can instantly generate and keep high temperature, the shearing force is converted into grinding force, and the continuity of cellulose in grinding can be improved. The non-metallic material is selected from a hard non-metallic material such as silicon carbide, carborundum, resin and the like.

Not only the millstone, but also the existing straw fiber splitting machine also has a plurality of defects, and the automatic straw decomposing machine is an electric tiger and has high power consumption. The electricity consumption of straw pulp per ton is about 600 degrees, the electricity charge is more than 400 yuan, the cost accounts for a large proportion, the power of a used motor is also large, a motor with 1600 kilowatts is needed for a 90-millstone, and a high-voltage circuit is needed. One important reason for the large power consumption is due to current fluctuations. The straws are crisp and hard, and are easy to bridge, wind and block. The concentration, hardness and quantity of straw materials entering the millstone are not balanced, so that the resistance fluctuation in the millstone is large, the current fluctuation is large and unstable, and sometimes even the motor overload operation halt occurs.

For example, chinese patent publication No. CN110205850A discloses a straw fiber splitting machine, which is used when the concentration or hardness of straw entering a millstone is not uniform, because the friction force applied to the millstone is not uniform, the main shaft and the motor are driven to vibrate, the current and voltage of the motor are not constant, and the power consumption is large.

The current of the motor is unstable, the operation of the grinding disc is unstable, the quality of pulping is influenced, the energy consumption is high, and the service life of the motor is shortened. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the grinding disc, a motor with higher power has to be selected, so that the power consumption and the purchase cost of the motor are increased. In order to overcome the problem that the motor is not constant in current due to the fluctuation of the internal resistance of the grinding disc. An automatic constant-current device for an inertia wheel is designed, and the inertia wheel is additionally arranged between a motor and a main shaft.

The existing straw decomposition machine has the contradiction of unbalanced feeding, and more feeding time and less feeding time. The yield is low due to too little feeding, the pressure, heat and grinding force in the grinding disc are insufficient, and the quality of the straw pulp is reduced. Too much feeding, large tooth grinding pressure and easy damage. The motor has large load and high power consumption. The balanced feeding can keep the reasonable processing amount of the grinding disc. Whether the feeding quantity is proper or not can be shown by the current of the main motor. When too much feed is fed, the motor current rises. When the feeding is too little, the motor current drops. Based on this principle, we developed an automatic equalizing forced feed control device.

Three technical advantages

Because the nonmetal millstone and the improved straw decomposer are used, the straw fiber can be cleanly prepared without adding chemical agents, the production process is energy-saving and pollution-free, and the product is pollution-free. The product has high quality, low cost and high investment benefit. The materials are widely available, and the wheat straw, the rice straw, the sorghum, the corn, the cotton, the beanstalk and the vegetable seedling can be utilized. The project scale can be large or small, and the production scale is determined according to the straw yield.

Disclosure of Invention

On the basis of the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN110205850A, the invention provides a straw fiber decomposer which is energy-saving, can automatically and finely control the grinding disc spacing and has uniform feeding aiming at the design defects of the straw fiber devillicating machine in the patent, and also discloses a method for automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing. The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows:

1. the distance between the conventional movable grinding disc and the conventional fixed grinding disc cannot be regulated, and the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc can move relatively under the action of the friction force of straws, so that the quality of pulping is reduced when the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc is changed, particularly when the distance deviates from the optimal grinding disc distance obtained by experimental measurement in advance;

2. the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc can not be finely regulated and controlled in the prior art, and when the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc changes due to relative movement of the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc, the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc can not be finely regulated and controlled automatically, and the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc can not work at the optimal distance in real time.

3. The straws are crisp and hard, and are easy to bridge, wind and block. The concentration, hardness and quantity of straw pulp entering the millstone are not balanced, so that the fluctuation of the internal resistance of the millstone is large, the current fluctuation of the spindle motor is large and unstable, and sometimes even the overload operation halt of the spindle motor occurs. The current of the spindle motor is unstable, which causes the operation of the grinding disc to be unstable and influences the pulping quality; the spindle motor has high energy consumption, the service life of the motor can be shortened, and in order to ensure the smooth operation of the grinding disc, a spindle motor with higher power has to be selected, so that the power consumption and the purchase cost of the spindle motor are increased;

4. the millstone made of metal used by the existing straw decomposer has high energy consumption due to large weight, the existing metal millstone, especially the metal movable millstone, can easily grind straw fibers, and the metal millstone is not beneficial to the formation of high-temperature and high-pressure environment between the millstones and influences the pulping quality compared with the millstones made of heat-insulating plastic materials such as silicon carbide or carborundum.

5. The existing straw decomposer has the contradiction of unbalanced feeding, more time and less feeding, inaccurate control of feeding amount, too little feeding, low yield, insufficient pressure, heat and grinding force in a grinding disc, and reduced straw pulp quality; too much feeding, large tooth grinding pressure and easy damage.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between grinding discs comprises a base, a main motor fixed at one end of the base, a motor spindle of the main motor fixedly connected with a stretchable coupler, the stretchable coupler fixedly connected with one end of a main rotating shaft, the main rotating shaft penetrates through a fixed seat, the fixed seat is used for supporting the main rotating shaft in a rotating state, the other end of the main rotating shaft penetrates through a pulp chamber and is fixedly connected with a movable grinding disc in the pulp chamber, the fixed seat comprises a frame and an annular outer cover supported by the frame, a bearing assembly capable of axially sliding relative to the outer cover is fixed in the outer cover, the bearing assembly is rotatably connected and fixed on the main rotating shaft in series, a power device is externally connected with the bearing assembly, and the power device drives the bearing assembly and the main rotating shaft to synchronously and axially move back and forth, the main rotating shaft drives the stretchable coupler and the movable grinding disc to synchronously and axially move back and forth.

Further, the bearing assembly comprises an annular axial sliding bearing capable of sliding axially relative to the inner surface of the outer cover, a circular annular radial rotary bearing coaxial with the axial sliding bearing is inscribed in a bearing hole of the axial sliding bearing, and the bearing assembly further comprises an annular front bearing cover and an annular rear bearing cover which respectively lock the axial sliding bearing and the radial rotary bearing together from two sides; the main rotating shaft sequentially penetrates through the circular ring hole of the rear bearing cover, the bearing hole of the radial rotating bearing and the circular ring hole of the front bearing cover, the main rotating shaft and the radial rotating bearing are rotatably and fixedly connected in series, and the radial rotating bearing is driven by the main rotating shaft to synchronously rotate in a radial direction; two groups of bearing assemblies are arranged in the outer cover in a front-back mode and are respectively called a first bearing assembly (front) and a second bearing assembly (back), the first bearing assembly is externally connected with the power device and can axially slide back and forth, and the second bearing assembly fixedly supports the main rotating shaft; the movable grinding disc is opposite to a fixed grinding disc fixed in the grinding chamber, and the fixed grinding disc and the movable grinding disc are both made of hard and rough non-metal materials with good heat insulation effect.

Furthermore, a fracture penetrating through the outer cover is formed in the outer cover, the outer cover is divided into a front section and a rear section by the fracture, the front section and the rear section are respectively called as a front outer cover and a rear outer cover, the first bearing assembly is fixed in the front outer cover, and the second bearing assembly is fixed in the rear outer cover; the power device comprises a connecting rear disc fixed at the rear end of the outer surface of the rear outer cover, the connecting rear disc is in a circular ring shape and coaxial with the rear outer cover, a plurality of groups of power source devices are fixed on the connecting rear disc, a circular connecting disc is fixedly connected to the front end of a power shaft of each power source device, the connecting disc is located at a fracture of the outer cover, the connecting disc is connected to a main rotating shaft at the fracture in series, the connecting disc moves back and forth along the main rotating shaft under the driving of external force, and the moving range is limited to the width of the fracture; the power device further comprises an M8 bolt, one end of the M8 bolt is bolted with the connecting disc, the other end of the M8 bolt is fixedly connected with a rear bearing cover of the first bearing assembly, and the power shaft pushes the connecting disc, the first bearing assembly, the main rotating shaft, the stretchable coupling and the movable grinding disc to move back and forth in the axial direction synchronously.

Further, the power source device is one of a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric motor; the power source devices are 1-8 groups, and a plurality of groups of power source devices are symmetrically arranged on the connecting rear disc; a power shaft of the power source device is bolted with the connecting disc; the pulp chamber is fixedly connected with one side of the fixed seat through a connecting arm.

Furthermore, the outer cover is made of a metal material or a hard non-metal material, the outer surface of the front outer cover is fixedly provided with a detection end of an electronic ruler, a telescopic measuring rod of the electronic ruler is fixedly connected with the connecting disc, and the connecting disc drives the telescopic measuring rod to synchronously move back and forth in the axial direction; the detection end of the electronic ruler is electrically connected with a first control end, the first control end is a programmable logic controller with a touch screen or a computer with program software, and the first control end is electrically connected with the power source device.

Furthermore, the stretchable coupler comprises a hollow cylindrical rear coupling sleeve, the motor spindle is fixedly sleeved in one end of the rear coupling sleeve, the stretchable coupler also comprises a hollow cylindrical front coupling sleeve, the other end of the rear coupling sleeve is fixedly sleeved in one end of the front coupling sleeve, and one end of the main rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved in the other end of the front coupling sleeve; a plurality of round holes are formed in the joint of the front coupling shaft sleeve and the rear coupling shaft sleeve, the rear coupling shaft sleeve and the front coupling shaft sleeve respectively occupy a semicircle of the round holes, and a cylindrical bolt is inserted into the round holes; an annular bolt blocking disc is arranged along the outer wall of the rear coupling sleeve, and the bolt blocking disc blocks the opening end of the round hole from the outside; the front coupling sleeve, the bolt blocking disc, the rear coupling sleeve and the cylindrical bolt are all made of metal materials or hard non-metal materials.

Furthermore, an inertia wheel for overcoming the resistance of the grinding disc is connected to the main rotating shaft in series, the hollow aperture of the inertia wheel is the same as the diameter of the main rotating shaft, and the inertia wheel is connected between the outer cover and the stretchable coupling in series; the brake device is characterized by further comprising a brake oil cylinder fixed on the base, a square brake pad is integrally connected to the front end of a first hydraulic rod of the brake oil cylinder, and the brake pad is pushed by a piston of the brake oil cylinder to abut against the rotating inertia wheel, so that a brake effect is achieved; the first hydraulic rod and the inertia wheel are made of one of metal materials or hard non-metal materials.

The uniform feeding device comprises a feeding auger connected with an auger motor, a discharge hole of the feeding auger is connected with a first feed hole of the pulp chamber, a second feed hole is formed in the upper part of the feeding auger, the second feed hole is connected with a feeding funnel, a plurality of identical thumb wheel blades are arranged in a cylindrical accommodating cavity of the feeding funnel, and the accommodating cavity is divided into a plurality of small material cavities by two adjacent thumb wheel blades; the plurality of thumb wheel blades are vertically arranged and are connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a feeding motor fixed at the upper part of the feeding hopper, and the feeding motor controls the thumb wheel blades to horizontally rotate; the diameter of the feeding funnel is 1-3 m, a third feeding port of the feeding funnel is used for manually filling straw materials, and the third feeding port and the second feeding port are not arranged in a vertical opposite mode;

furthermore, the feeding motor and the main motor are respectively connected with a second control end, and the second control end is a programmable logic controller with a touch screen or a computer with program software.

An automatic control method for the grinding disc space of the energy-saving straw decomposition machine comprises the following steps:

1) taking the optimal distance between a movable grinding disc and a fixed grinding disc (hereinafter referred to as two discs) obtained by experiments in advance as a calibration value, inputting the calibration value into the programmable logic controller or program software of a computer, and stably grinding the distance between the two discs under the calibration value, so that the grinding strength, the temperature and the pressure are ensured to be proper, and the obtained grinding quality is highest;

2) zeroing the electronic ruler, adjusting the distance between the two discs to the calibrated value, starting a main motor, grinding straws, simultaneously detecting the displacement of the telescopic measuring rod in real time, inputting the displacement value of the telescopic measuring rod to program software of the programmable logic controller or the computer in real time, and calculating the distance between the two discs in real time by the program software of the programmable logic controller or the computer according to the calibrated value and the displacement value of the telescopic measuring rod;

3) logic judgment, when the distance between the two disks is larger than the calibration value, the programmable logic controller or program software of a computer sends a signal to the power source device, a power shaft of the power source device pushes the second hydraulic rod to advance at a fixed speed, and the distance between the two disks is adjusted to be the calibration value; when the distance between the two disks is smaller than the calibration value, the programmable logic controller or the program software of the computer sends a signal to the power source device, the power shaft of the power source device pulls the second hydraulic rod to retreat at a fixed speed, and the distance between the two disks is adjusted to be the calibration value.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:

1. the distance between the two disks of the straw decomposition machine can be finely regulated and controlled automatically or manually, the two disks are ensured to be in a proper working distance, the distance between the two disks does not fluctuate too much or too little, proper pressure and temperature and proper grinding force between the two disks are ensured, the straw devillicating and brooming quality is high, and the problems that the straw is ground and crushed too much, the fiber is broken too short and the bonding force in the straw pulp is poor due to too small distance between the two disks are avoided.

2. The non-metal movable grinding disc is matched with the non-metal fixed grinding disc, and hard non-metal materials such as silicon carbide, carborundum, resin and the like with good heat insulation performance, rough surface and high hardness are selected, so that the grinding disc can instantly generate and keep high temperature, the shearing force is converted into grinding force, meanwhile, the high-temperature and high-pressure environment is maintained, the broken straw lignin is converted into rubber again from the glass state to form an adhesive between fibers, and the pulping quality is improved.

3. The self characteristics of the straws determine that the internal resistance fluctuation is large in the working process of the millstone. The inertia wheel has huge inertia force, can overcome the internal resistance of the millstone, stabilizes the current, and is very suitable for straw pulping. It can play an important role in improving the quality of straw pulp, reducing energy consumption, prolonging the service life of a motor, reducing cost and improving benefit.

4. The stretchable coupling is simpler in structural design and easier to produce.

5. The straw decomposer can automatically and evenly control the feeding amount, avoids the problems of insufficient grinding and energy consumption caused by excessive grinding materials, and also avoids the problem of reduced grinding quality caused by insufficient pressure and heat in the grinding disc caused by too small grinding materials.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a straw decomposition machine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of the fixing base according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a front sectional view of the stretchable coupler according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the stretchable coupler of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the automatic control of the straw decomposition machine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

wherein, 1-a base; 12-a main motor; 13-a motor spindle; 14-a stretchable coupling; 14-1-front coupling sleeve; 14-2-rear coupling sleeve; 14-3-cylindrical bolt; 14-4-latch catch plate; 14-5-round hole; 14-6-telescopic space; 15-main rotation axis; 16-a fixed seat; 16-1-front housing; 16-2-rear housing; 16-3-connecting the back plate; 16-4-hydraulic cylinder; 16-4-1-second hydraulic rod; 16-5-connecting disc; 16-6-M8 bolt; 16-7-axial plain bearing; 16-8-radial rotary bearing; 16-9-front bearing cap; 16-10-rear bearing cap; 16-11-detection end; 16-12-a retractable measuring rod; 16-13-fracture; 16-14-a first bearing assembly; 16-15-a second bearing assembly; 17-a pulp chamber; 17-1-moving grinding disc; 17-2-fixed grinding disc; 17-3-first feed port; 17-4-a pulp outlet; 18-a frame; 19-a feed flood dragon; 19-1-flood dragon motor; 19-2-second feed port; 111-a flywheel; 112-a brake oil cylinder; 112-1-a first hydraulic lever; 112-2-brake pad; 113-a feed funnel; 113-1-thumb wheel blade; 113-2-small material cavity; 113-3-shaft; 113-4-a feed motor; 113-5-a third feed port; 114-a connecting arm; 2-programmable logic controller.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.