阅读说明：本技术 一种具有净化功能的水岸线配置方法 (Water shoreline configuration method with purification function ) 是由 汪伟国 周文杰 陈奕宏 邓晨 韩飞飞 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种具有净化功能的水岸线配置方法,包括：1)改造水域岸生态区地形,使其边坡坡度小于45度；2)掌握水域岸生态区水位月周期变化规律,测量常水位、枯水期及同期水位以确定各种水生植物种植时间；3)检测和选择合适的水质、底泥厚度；4)选择植物,以水生植物的水生适应性为依据,选择适应性强、抗逆性强的沉水植物等；本发明基于水域岸生态区水位周期变化规律,对水域岸生态区地形进行改造,通过自然选择配合人工选择种植以最适生的生物的生长辅以人工加强补充的方法逐步构建河道水下、水边生态系统,达到水体自我修复能力的提高以及污染净化能力和物质循环速率的提升,以全面地建设水岸线系统的结构、功能,提升生物多样性。(The invention provides a water shoreline configuration method with a purification function, which comprises the following steps: 1) reforming the topography of the ecological area of the water bank to ensure that the slope gradient of the side slope is less than 45 degrees; 2) mastering the monthly periodic change rule of the water level of the ecological area of the water bank, and measuring the normal water level, the dry water period and the same period water level to determine the planting time of various aquatic plants; 3) detecting and selecting proper water quality and bottom mud thickness; 4) selecting plants, selecting submerged plants with strong adaptability and stress resistance and the like according to the aquatic adaptability of the aquatic plants; according to the invention, based on the water level periodic change rule of the water area bank ecological area, the topography of the water area bank ecological area is reformed, the underwater and water side ecological systems of the river channel are gradually constructed by matching natural selection with artificial selection and planting, and growing of the most suitable organisms and assisting artificial enhancement and supplement, so that the self-repairing capacity of the water body is improved, the pollution purification capacity is improved, the material circulation rate is improved, the structure and the function of the water bank line system are comprehensively constructed, and the biological diversity is improved.)

1. A water shoreline configuration method with purification function is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) reforming the topography of the ecological area of the water bank to ensure that the slope gradient of the side slope is less than 45 degrees;

the water area bank ecological region terrain comprises a breathable seepage-proofing region and an ecological reconstruction region which are arranged on the bottom layer of a riverbed, and slope buffer revetments and/or vertical buffer revetments which are arranged on two bank sides of the riverbed;

the slope buffer revetment comprises a gravel pile laid on the bank foot, a framework arranged on the surface layer of a bank slope and formed by reed straw rhombus staggered weaving, and a first planting substrate layer laid on the framework; the vertical buffering revetment comprises a backfill soil retaining wall arranged on the outer side of a river bank, a normal water level submerged revetment arranged on a soil foundation layer and a stepped revetment arranged on the normal water level submerged revetment;

2) mastering the monthly periodic change rule of the water level of the ecological area of the water bank, and measuring the normal water level, the dry water period and the same period water level to determine the planting time of various aquatic plants;

3) detecting and selecting proper water quality and bottom mud thickness;

4) selecting plants, and selecting submerged plants, floating leaf plants and emergent plants which have strong adaptability, strong stress resistance and fast growth according to the water depth adaptability of the aquatic plants;

5) planting construction: submerged plants: planting when the water level is low, and planting when the distance from the selected planting point to the water surface is less than 30 cm; floating leaf plants: planting when the distance from the selected planting point to the water surface is less than 30 cm; emergent aquatic plants: planting in a dry season, wherein the distance between a planting point and the water surface is 10-15cm, and the distance between the planting point and the water surface at a normal water level is less than 55 cm; floating plants: the planting is not limited by the water level, and the enclosure is used for captive breeding, and the enclosure height is 10-20cm higher than the water surface.

2. The water shoreline installation method with purification function according to claim 1, wherein: the air-permeable and anti-seepage area is formed by paving local clay with the thickness of 12-18 cm; the ecological reconstruction area is formed by laying a mixture which is formed by uniformly mixing 70-75% of bottom mud, 2-4% of turfy soil, 8-10% of coarse sand and 4-8% of fine sand; the structure arrangement has a purifying effect on the water body.

3. The water shoreline installation method with purification function according to claim 1, wherein: the first planting matrix layer is formed by paving a mixture formed by uniformly mixing bottom mud, soil, turfy soil, coarse sand and planting soil in a volume ratio of (20-25) - (25-30) - (15-30), wherein the bottom mud and the soil are taken from the area of 0-10 cm of the surface layer of the bottom of a water body and the surface layer of the soil, close to a water shoreline +/-20 cm of a local healthy water body, and the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 60%.

4. The water shoreline installation method with purification function according to claim 1, wherein: the first bio-bag is made of polypropylene; the second planting matrix layer comprises dredged sediment, gravel, cement and coarse sand in a volume ratio of (30-40) - (25-30) - (10-20) - (20-25); the normal water level submerges the revetment and is 10-15cm lower than the normal water level.

5. The water shoreline installation method with purification function according to claim 1, wherein: cascaded shore protection is including piling up the at least two-layer mixed gabion layer that sets up from top to bottom, and every upper strata mixed gabion layer all is little than adjacent lower floor's mixed gabion layer width, mixed gabion layer is including setting up and filling the gabion of grading rubble and setting at the gabion of being close to river course one side packing second ecological bag near bank slope one side, second ecological bag intussuseption is filled with the third kind and is planted the basal layer, the upstream face planting on that the third kind was planted the basal layer has the hygrophyte.

6. The water shoreline installation method with purification function according to claim 1, wherein: the proper water quality in the step 3) is as follows: the pH value of the water body is 5.5-8.0, the BOD5 value is not more than 3mg/L, the ratio of the planting water depth requirement to the water body transparency is below 2:1, and the ratio of the growth water depth requirement to the transparency is below 3: 2; suitable soil thicknesses are: the thickness of the bottom mud is required to be more than 14-19 cm, the texture is good, and the fertility is more than moderate.

7. The water shoreline installation method with purification function according to claim 1, wherein: selecting the combination of the eel grass, the goldfish algae, the watermifoil algae and the hydrilla verticillata from the submerged plants in the step 4);

the floating-leaf plant is selected from the group consisting of water lily, Xincai, soft-shelled turtle and semen euryales;

the emergent aquatic plant is selected from the group consisting of reed, cattail, chufa, lotus, cress, wild rice stem, lotus and cattail;

the floating plant is selected from the group consisting of water chestnut, water lily and water spinach.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic plants with a purification function in a wetland park, in particular to a water shoreline configuration method with a purification function.

Background

The ecological area of the water area bank comprises a water level fluctuation zone and a water fluctuation zone, is a special area of land, wherein the land submerged by water periodically exposes out of the water surface due to seasonal water level fluctuation in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and belongs to the field of wetlands. The purification function of the hydro-fluctuation area to pollutants is very obvious. The hydro-fluctuation area plays a vital role in the aspects of protecting water bodies of reservoirs, lakes and rivers and the like. At present to the ecological remediation of waters bank ecological zone, mainly plant the plant in waters bank ecological zone to play the ecological remediation function of waters bank ecological zone, but the discovery has planted a large amount of emergent water, floating plant when the construction, and in a short period, the plant growth vigor is better, and the view effect is better, through a growth cycle after, then show the growth badly, ecological service cycle is short, often needs to plant the phenomenon again. The construction and maintenance cost is increased, and the ecological service function of plants in the ecological zone of the water bank is weakened.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of poor growth vigor and poor sustainability of plants in an ecological zone of a water bank in the prior art, the invention provides a water bank line configuration method with a purification function, which has the advantages of environmental protection and purification function, adaptation to water level change, good growth vigor and strong sustainability.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a water shoreline configuration method with a purification function comprises the following steps:

1) reforming the topography of the ecological area of the water bank to ensure that the slope gradient of the side slope is less than 45 degrees;

the water area bank ecological region terrain comprises a breathable seepage-proofing region and an ecological reconstruction region which are arranged on the bottom layer of a riverbed, and slope buffer revetments and/or vertical buffer revetments which are arranged on two bank sides of the riverbed;

the slope buffer revetment comprises a gravel pile laid on the bank foot, a framework arranged on the surface layer of a bank slope and formed by reed straw rhombus staggered weaving, and a first planting substrate layer laid on the framework; the vertical buffering revetment comprises a backfill soil retaining wall arranged on the outer side of a river bank, a normal water level submerged revetment arranged on a soil foundation layer and a stepped revetment arranged on the normal water level submerged revetment;

2) mastering the monthly periodic change rule of the water level of the ecological area of the water bank, and measuring the normal water level, the dry water period and the same period water level to determine the planting time of various aquatic plants;

3) detecting and selecting proper water quality and bottom mud thickness;

4) selecting plants, and selecting submerged plants, floating leaf plants and emergent plants which have strong adaptability, strong stress resistance and fast growth according to the water depth adaptability of the aquatic plants;

5) planting construction: submerged plants: planting when the water level is low, and planting when the distance from the selected planting point to the water surface is less than 30 cm; floating leaf plants: planting when the distance from the selected planting point to the water surface is less than 30 cm; emergent aquatic plants: planting in a dry season, wherein the distance between a planting point and the water surface is 10-15cm, and the distance between the planting point and the water surface at a normal water level is less than 55 cm; floating plants: the planting is not limited by the water level, and the enclosure is used for captive breeding, and the enclosure height is 10-20cm higher than the water surface.

Preferably, the air-permeable and anti-seepage area is formed by paving local clay with the thickness of 12-18 cm; the ecological reconstruction area is formed by laying a mixture which is formed by uniformly mixing 70-75% of bottom mud, 2-4% of turfy soil, 8-10% of coarse sand and 4-8% of fine sand; the structure arrangement has a purifying effect on the water body.

Preferably, the first planting matrix layer is formed by paving a mixture formed by uniformly mixing bottom mud, soil, turfy soil, coarse sand and planting soil according to the volume ratio of (20-25): 25-30): 15-30, wherein the bottom mud and the soil are taken from the area of 0-10 cm of the bottom surface layer and the soil surface layer of the water body of local healthy water body close to the water shoreline +/-20 cm, and the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 60%.

Preferably, the first bio-bag is made of polypropylene; the second planting matrix layer comprises dredged sediment, gravel, cement and coarse sand in a volume ratio of (30-40) - (25-30) - (10-20) - (20-25); the normal water level submerges the revetment and is 10-15cm lower than the normal water level.

As preferred, cascaded shore protection is including piling up the at least two-layer mixed gabion layer that sets up from top to bottom, and every upper strata mixed gabion layer all is little than adjacent lower floor mixed gabion layer width, mixed gabion layer is including setting up and filling the gabion of grading rubble and setting the gabion of filling the ecological bag of second in the side of being close to river course near bank slope one side, the ecological bag of second intussuseption is filled with third kind plant substrate layer, the upstream face planting on of third kind plant substrate layer has the hydrophyte.

Preferably, the suitable water quality in step 3) is: the pH value of the water body is between 5.5 and 8.0, the BOD5 value is not more than 3mg/L, the salt content of the water body is less than 1.5 per thousand, the ratio of the planting water depth requirement to the water body transparency is below 2:1, and the ratio of the growth water depth requirement to the water body transparency is below 3: 2; suitable soil thicknesses are: the thickness of the bottom mud is required to be more than 14-19 cm, the texture is good, and the fertility is more than moderate. Such water quality and bottom sediment are suitable for the growth of aquatic plants.

The method for sowing dormant propagules of submerged plants is to sow water before the germination period, such as curly pondweed in 10-11 months and hydrilla verticillata in 3-4 months. The water depth is within 10cm during sowing, the seeds need to be accelerated to germinate until white spots are exposed before sowing, and the mixed fine soil is used for sowing. The submerged plant transplanting method and the cutting method are carried out in the growing period, the root system is directly planted in the bottom mud by the transplanting method, the planting depth is 5 cm-10 cm, the cutting method is used for directly cutting the cutting slips in the growing period, 2-3 knots are inserted into the bottom mud, and the cutting and the compaction are carried out after the cutting.

The floating-leaf plants are planted at the air temperature of about 25 ℃, and the direct planting method of the floating-leaf plants is to directly plant roots, rhizomes and the like in bottom mud of a water body, wherein the thickness of the bottom mud is not less than 30 cm; the floating-leaf plant container planting method is that root system, rhizome, etc. are planted in a container, and the container is immersed in water and fixed; the container seedling planting method for floating-leaf plant is to take off the seedling from the pot and plant it into the bottom mud of water body.

The method for directly planting emergent aquatic plants, the method for planting containers or the method for planting container seedlings is the same as that of the floating-leaf plants.

The height of the floating plant fence is determined according to the size of the plant body, the surface mobility of the water body, the height of the wind and the waves and the like, so that the floating plants can be prevented from disordered drifting and spreading.

The invention relates to a water shoreline configuration method with a purification function, which is characterized in that the landform of an ecological area of a water bank is reformed based on the water level periodic change rule of the ecological area of the water bank, and the configuration of a riverbed and the riverbank is realized, so that the conventional effects of water bank seepage prevention, flood discharge and the like are realized, the native bottom mud and biological resources in the native bottom mud are fully utilized, a method which takes proper elimination and natural succession as main parts and manual assistance as auxiliary parts is applied, the underwater and water side ecological systems of a riverway are gradually constructed by matching natural selection with artificial selection planting and taking the growth of the most suitable living organisms and a method of artificially reinforcing and supplementing, the self-repairing capability of a water body and the improvement of the pollution purification capability and the material circulation rate are realized, the structure and the function of the water shoreline system are comprehensively constructed, and the biological diversity is.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.

The invention provides a concrete embodiment of a water shoreline configuration method with a purification function, which comprises the following steps:

1) reforming the topography of the ecological area of the water bank to ensure that the slope gradient of the side slope is less than 45 degrees; the water area bank ecological region terrain comprises a breathable seepage-proofing region and an ecological reconstruction region which are arranged on the bottom layer of a riverbed, and slope buffer revetments and/or vertical buffer revetments which are arranged on two bank sides of the riverbed; the slope buffer revetment comprises a gravel pile laid on the bank foot, a framework arranged on the surface layer of a bank slope and formed by reed straw rhombus staggered weaving, and a first planting substrate layer laid on the framework; the vertical buffering revetment comprises a backfill soil retaining wall arranged on the outer side of a river bank, a normal water level submerged revetment arranged on a soil foundation layer and a stepped revetment arranged on the normal water level submerged revetment;

2) mastering the water level periodic change rule of an ecological area of a water area bank, and measuring a high water level, a normal water level and a low water period water level to determine aquatic plant planting varieties;

3) detecting and selecting proper water quality and bottom mud thickness; the pH value of the water body is 6.0, the CODMn of the water body is 10, the salt content of the water body is 2.0 thousandth, the ratio of the planting water depth to the transparency is 0.8:1, and the ratio of the growth water depth to the transparency is 1.5: 1; the thickness of the bottom mud is 25, the texture is soft, and the fertility is more than moderate;

4) selecting plants, and selecting submerged plants, floating leaf plants and emergent plants which have strong adaptability, strong stress resistance and fast growth according to the aquatic adaptability of the aquatic plants;

the submerged plant is selected from herba Swertiae Dilutae, Goldfish algae, Foliumet Setaria and hydrilla verticillata; wherein the tape grass has more than 12 buds/clumps, the Goldfish algae has more than 14 buds/clumps, the Foliuwei algae has more than 12 buds/clumps and the hydrilla verticillata has more than 10 buds/clumps;

the floating-leaf plant is selected from the group consisting of water lily, Xincai, soft-shelled turtle and semen euryales; the stem length of water lily is 10-15cm, stem length of Xincai is 10-12cm, the bud/cluster of water turtle is 6 and the bud/cluster of gordon euryale seed is 8;

the emergent aquatic plant is selected from the group consisting of reed, cattail, chufa, lotus, cress, wild rice stem, lotus and cattail; wherein, 6 buds/clumps of reed rhizome, 8 buds/clumps of cattail, 7 buds/clumps of chufa, 10 buds/clumps of lotus, 10 buds/clumps of cress, 8 buds/clumps of wild rice flower, 3 lotus rhizome with terminal buds and 8 buds/clumps of cattail;

the floating plants are selected from the combination of water chestnut, water lily and gynura bicolor; among them, water chestnut 7 buds/clumps, water lily 8 buds/clumps, and gynura segetum 9 buds/clumps.

5) Planting construction: submerged plants: planting when the water level is low, and selecting a planting point with the distance less than 20cm from the water surface for planting; the planting density of the tape grass is 15 clusters/m 2, the goldfish algae is 9-16 clusters/m 2, the hydrilla verticillata is 14-20 clusters/m 2, the watermifoil is 12-15 clusters/m 2, the tape grass is planted by using a dormant propagule sowing mode, and the hydrilla verticillata and the watermifoil are planted by using a transplanting method.

Floating leaf plants: selecting a planting point with a distance less than 30cm from the water surface for planting;

emergent aquatic plants: planting in spring dry season, wherein the distance between a planting point and the water surface is 15-20cm, and the distance between the planting point and the water surface at a normal water level is less than 45 cm;

floating plants: the planting is not limited by the water level, and the enclosure is used for captive breeding, and the enclosure height is 20-25cm higher than the water surface.

Maintenance and management of aquatic plants in the ecological area of the water bank:

and (4) fertilizing, wherein the new plants are not generally fertilized. If the growth is weak, the fertilizer can be applied properly according to the situation. Topdressing of root: selecting nutrient elements required by plants, wrapping the corresponding fertilizer in non-woven fabrics, and embedding the fertilizer around the roots.

And (4) pruning withered and yellow plants, withered and dead plants and lodging plants in time during daily maintenance operation, and properly pruning over dense plants. Pruning and shearing withered branches and leaves from winter solstice to spring before sprouting. And (4) replanting, namely replanting the defective plants in time according to landscape needs.

And (4) protective measures, namely arranging a surrounding net under the condition of not influencing the landscape, and placing the floating-leaf plants to drift and escape.

The technology is simple to operate, mainly grasps the water level change rule, plants are planted in the low water level period according to the growth characteristics of the plants, the vigorous growth period of the plants is before the normal water level, and the growth rhythm of the plants is ahead of the water level change rule. According to the present technique, plants are allowed to grow at a relatively suitable water level. The ecological function of the plant is effectively exerted.

Wherein the air-permeable and anti-seepage area is formed by paving local clay with the thickness of 12-18 cm; the ecological reconstruction area is formed by laying a mixture which is formed by uniformly mixing 70-75% of bottom mud, 2-4% of turfy soil, 8-10% of coarse sand and 4-8% of fine sand; the structure arrangement has a purifying effect on the water body.

The first planting matrix layer is formed by paving a mixture formed by uniformly mixing bottom mud, soil, turfy soil, coarse sand and planting soil in a volume ratio of (20-25) - (25-30) - (15-30), wherein the bottom mud and the soil are taken from the area of 0-10 cm of the surface layer of the bottom of a water body and the surface layer of the soil, close to a water shoreline +/-20 cm of a local healthy water body, and the water content of the bottom mud is less than or equal to 60%.

The first bio-bag is made of polypropylene; the second planting matrix layer comprises dredged sediment, gravel, cement and coarse sand in a volume ratio of (30-40) - (25-30) - (10-20) - (20-25); the normal water level submerges the revetment and is 10-15cm lower than the normal water level.

Cascaded shore protection is including piling up the at least two-layer mixed gabion layer that sets up from top to bottom, and every upper strata mixed gabion layer all is little than adjacent lower floor's mixed gabion layer width, mixed gabion layer is including setting up and filling the gabion of grading rubble and setting at the gabion of being close to river course one side packing second ecological bag near bank slope one side, second ecological bag intussuseption is filled with the third kind and is planted the basal layer, the upstream face planting on that the third kind was planted the basal layer has the hygrophyte.

The invention relates to a water shoreline configuration method with a purification function, which is characterized in that the landform of an ecological area of a water bank is reformed based on the water level periodic change rule of the ecological area of the water bank, and the configuration of a riverbed and the riverbank is realized, so that the conventional effects of water bank seepage prevention, flood discharge and the like are realized, the native bottom mud and biological resources in the native bottom mud are fully utilized, a method which takes proper elimination and natural succession as main parts and manual assistance as auxiliary parts is applied, the underwater and water side ecological systems of a riverway are gradually constructed by matching natural selection with artificial selection planting and taking the growth of the most suitable living organisms and a method of artificially reinforcing and supplementing, the self-repairing capability of a water body and the improvement of the pollution purification capability and the material circulation rate are realized, the structure and the function of the water shoreline system are comprehensively constructed, and the biological diversity is.

In summary, the present invention is only a preferred embodiment, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the content of the claims should be considered as the technical scope of the invention.