Underwater tunnel, underwater tunnel construction method and water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction

文档序号：1095617 发布日期：2020-09-25 浏览：27次中文

阅读说明：本技术 水下隧道、水下隧道施工方法及水下隧道施工用水盾构机 (Underwater tunnel, underwater tunnel construction method and water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction ) 是由李增军于 2020-03-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了水下隧道、水下隧道施工方法及水下隧道施工用水盾构机,该水下隧道包括设于水下的隧道本体和隧道出入口管道,所述隧道本体包括主承压管道,套设于所述主承压管道外的防水约束先导管道,填充于所述防水约束先导管道与所述主承压管道之间的充填加压层,以及用于将所述防水约束先导管道固定安装于水下地基上的位置锁定结构；所述防水约束先导管道的端口与所述隧道出入口管道衔接且相互贯通,所述主承压管道包括拼装构成所述主承压管道的隧道管片,所述防水约束先导管道内的所述隧道管片衬砌于所述防水约束先导管道内壁。可简化施工过程,降低施工环境条件要求,降低施工风险,有效降低施工成本和施工周期,提高隧道的防水性。(The invention discloses an underwater tunnel, an underwater tunnel construction method and a water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction, wherein the underwater tunnel comprises an underwater tunnel body and tunnel inlet and outlet pipelines, the tunnel body comprises a main pressure-bearing pipeline, a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline sleeved outside the main pressure-bearing pipeline, a filling pressurization layer filled between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the main pressure-bearing pipeline, and a position locking structure for fixedly installing the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline on an underwater foundation; the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is connected with the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline and is communicated with the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline, the main pressure-bearing pipeline comprises tunnel segments which are assembled to form the main pressure-bearing pipeline, and the tunnel segments in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline are lined on the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline. The construction process can be simplified, the requirements on construction environmental conditions are reduced, the construction risk is reduced, the construction cost and the construction period are effectively reduced, and the waterproofness of the tunnel is improved.)

1. An underwater tunnel comprises a tunnel body arranged underwater, and tunnel entrance and exit pipelines used for connecting a port of the tunnel body with an atmosphere space outside the tunnel, and is characterized in that the tunnel body comprises a main pressure-bearing pipeline, a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline sleeved outside the main pressure-bearing pipeline, a filling pressurization layer formed by grouting materials filled between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the main pressure-bearing pipeline to seal a gap between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the main pressure-bearing pipeline, and a position locking structure used for fixedly installing the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline on an underwater foundation;

the ports of the waterproof constraint pilot pipelines are communicated with the tunnel inlet and outlet pipelines, the ports of the waterproof constraint pilot pipelines are connected with the tunnel inlet and outlet pipelines and communicated with each other, the main pressure-bearing pipeline comprises tunnel segments which are assembled to form the main pressure-bearing pipeline, the tunnel segments are prefabricated component structures which can be assembled to form the main pressure-bearing pipeline, and the tunnel segments in the waterproof constraint pilot pipelines are lined on the inner walls of the waterproof constraint pilot pipelines.

2. The underwater tunnel of claim 1, wherein the tunnel entry and exit conduit is provided with an underwater port from which the watertight restraint pilot conduit passes into the tunnel entry and exit conduit and an onshore port to which the watertight restraint pilot conduit plugs the tunnel entry and exit conduit to communicate.

3. The underwater tunnel of claim 1, wherein the port of the waterproof restraint pilot conduit is in watertight communication with the tunnel entrance conduit.

4. The underwater tunnel of claim 1, wherein the waterproof constraining pilot conduit comprises a plurality of sections of pipe sections, the pipe sections being spliced to form the waterproof constraining pilot conduit, the pipe sections being joined to one another.

5. An underwater tunnel according to claim 4, in which the pipe sections are secured watertight.

6. The underwater tunnel of claim 1, wherein the waterproof constraining pilot pipeline is a tensile pipe body capable of bearing grouting pressure, the main pressure-bearing pipeline is a prestressed structure, and the tunnel pipe piece has compressive stress pre-applied by the filling pressure layer.

7. The underwater tunnel of claim 6, wherein the waterproof constraining pilot conduit can withstand hoop stress greater than or equal to 100MPa, and the main pressure-bearing conduit has a compressive strength greater than or equal to 23 MPa.

8. The underwater tunnel of claim 1, wherein the waterproof constraining pilot pipeline is any one or a combination of a polymer composite pipeline, a metal pipeline or a reinforced concrete pipeline; the tunnel segment is any one or combination of multiple reinforced concrete segments or metal segments, the periphery of the tunnel segment is embedded with elastic sealing strips, and the tunnel segments are connected through bolts.

9. The underwater tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the position locking structure comprises a backfill locking unit for fixing the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline, and the backfill locking unit comprises a backfill locking material coated outside the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline.

10. The underwater tunnel of claim 1, wherein the specific gravity of the wall of the waterproof constraining pilot conduit is greater than the specific gravity of the ambient water at its installation site.

11. A water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction, which is used for underwater tunnel construction according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and comprises a shield shell capable of accommodating a tunnel segment assembling device, a grouting hole for connecting the grouting device to the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and grouting a gap between tunnel segments, a shield tail sealing mechanism and a propelling mechanism for driving the water shield machine to advance, wherein the rear end of the shield shell is open and can be connected with a pipeline formed by the tunnel segments which are assembled in place in an inserting manner, the shield shell comprises a shield head, a shield body and a shield tail which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the shield tail sealing mechanism is arranged on the shield tail, the shield tail sealing mechanism comprises a shield tail brush and a grease hole for connecting grease filling and pressurizing equipment, the water shield machine is characterized in that the water shield machine is not provided with a cutter head and a slag discharging mechanism for removing residue soil, and the outer wall of the shield body is matched with the shape of the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, and the shield tail sealing mechanism can tightly connect the assembled tunnel segments in place so as to seal the gap between the shield tail and the tunnel segments inserted into the rear port of the shield tail before grouting, and dry construction conditions are formed in the shield shell and at the rear side of the shield shell.

12. The water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction according to claim 11, wherein the front end and the side wall of the shield shell are both provided with watertight structures, and the shield shell in the working state of the water shield machine constitutes a watertight structure for preventing water from entering the inside of the shield shell and the rear side of the shield shell.

13. The water shield tunneling machine for underwater tunnel construction according to claim 11, wherein a reinforcing structure for transmitting and diffusing a load borne by the shield shell to enhance a bearing capacity of the shield shell is provided in the shield shell.

14. The water shield tunneling machine for underwater tunnel construction according to claim 11, wherein a lubricating structure for reducing a frictional force between the shield body and the water-proof restraining pilot pipe is provided on an outer wall of the shield body.

15. The water shield tunneling machine for underwater tunnel construction according to claim 14, wherein the lubricating structure includes a polytetrafluoroethylene layer coated on an outer wall of the shield body.

16. The water shield tunneling machine according to claim 11, further comprising a dredging mechanism for removing sludge in front of the shield body.

17. The underwater tunnel construction water shield machine of claim 16, wherein the dredging mechanism includes a suction pump installed in the shield shell, the shield is provided with a pipe outlet for penetrating the dredging pipe of the dredging mechanism, the pipe outlet is connected with the dredging pipes in a watertight manner, the dredging pipes are provided with valves, the dredging head of the dredging mechanism is arranged in front of the shield body, and the suction pump is connected with the dredging pipes and the valves.

18. The water shield tunneling machine for underwater tunnel construction according to claim 11, wherein said shield head is provided with a forwardly projecting structure, and a radial dimension of a front end of said shield head is smaller than a radial dimension of a rear end thereof.

19. The underwater tunnel construction water shield tunneling machine of claim 18, wherein the front end surface of the shield head is a semi-spherical surface protruding forward, the shield head includes a plurality of cylindrical surfaces having sequentially increasing radial dimensions, which are sequentially connected from the rear end of the semi-spherical surface to the front end of the shield body, the central line of the semi-spherical surface, the central axes of the plurality of cylindrical surfaces and the central axis of the shield body are arranged in a collinear manner, and the reinforcing structure includes an arch ring connecting two adjacent cylindrical surfaces or adjacent cylindrical surfaces and the shield body, and a rib plate arranged in the cylindrical surface.

20. The water shield tunneling machine for underwater tunnel construction according to claim 19, wherein the cylindrical surface is a cylindrical surface, the outer contour of the arch ring is an arc-surface ring formed by an arc in a plane located at the same position as the central axis of the shield body rotating around the central axis of the shield body in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the arc, the front and rear edges of the arch ring panel are seamlessly connected to the two adjacent cylindrical surfaces, respectively, or the front and rear edges of the arch ring panel are seamlessly connected to the adjacent cylindrical surface and the shield body, respectively; ribbed plates are arranged on the inner side of the cambered annular panel of the arch ring.

21. The underwater tunnel construction water shield tunneling machine of claim 11, wherein the shield tail sealing mechanism includes an inner shield tail brush group mounted on an inner wall of the shield tail and an outer shield tail brush group mounted on an outer wall of the shield tail, the inner shield tail brush group is provided in plural, and the plural inner shield tail brush groups are arranged in an axial direction of the shield tail, each inner shield tail brush group includes plural shield tail brushes arranged in a circumferential direction of the inner wall of the shield tail; outer shield tail brush group establishes to a plurality ofly, and is a plurality of outer shield tail brush group is followed the shield tail axial is arranged, every outer shield tail brush group includes a plurality of edges shield tail outer wall circumference is arranged the shield tail brush.

22. The underwater tunnel construction water shield tunneling machine of claim 11, wherein the shield tail brush includes bristles and a tail brush plate, a fixing region of an outer wall of one side of the tail brush plate serves as a bristle mounting surface for mounting the bristles, roots of the bristles are fixedly mounted on the bristle mounting surface, and the bristles are provided in a plurality and densely distributed on the bristle mounting surface;

a grease conveying unit is arranged in the tail brush plate and comprises a plurality of conveying pore passages which are mutually communicated, and a grease inlet and a grease outlet which are communicated with the conveying pore passages, wherein the grease inlet is communicated with a grease output port of the grease pore passages, the grease outlet and the bristles are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the grease inlet is arranged on the outer wall of the tail brush plate outside the bristle mounting surface, and the grease outlet is arranged on the bristle mounting surface;

the brush hair is established to the bar bag body, bar bag internal portion cavity constitutes the grease chamber that can hold the grease, the micropore of permeable grease is densely covered to the outer wall in grease chamber, the brush hair root set up the intercommunication with the brush hair corresponds the setting the grease export with the intercommunicating pore in grease chamber.

23. The underwater tunnel construction water shield machine of claim 22, wherein the shield tail brush further comprises a bristle retaining ring, the bristle retaining ring is fixedly mounted on an outer wall of the tail brush plate, an area of the outer wall of the tail brush plate, which is located in the bristle retaining ring, constitutes the bristle mounting surface, and free ends of the bristles extend out of the bristle retaining ring.

24. The water shield tunneling machine for underwater tunnel construction according to claim 23, wherein the bristle restraining ring is a band-shaped ring formed by abutting two ends of a strip-shaped flat band, the bristles are enclosed in the ring by the bristle restraining ring to form a bristle bundle, and the side edge of the bristle restraining ring near the root of the bristles is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tail brush plate; the strip-shaped bag body is made of an elastic film with micropores, only one bag opening is arranged on the strip-shaped bag body, and the bag opening is arranged at the root part of the bristles to form the communicating hole; the elastic membrane is a fiber membrane with micropores and elasticity, which is formed by mutually interweaving or bonding fibers; the outer wall of the tail brush plate opposite to the brush hair installation surface is used as an assembly surface which is in contact with a shield tail of a shield machine, the assembly surface is matched with the shield tail in shape, and the assembly surface is an arc surface which can be attached to the shield tail; the tail brush plate is an arc-shaped plate, and the outer wall of the tail brush plate where the brush hair installation surface is an arc surface parallel to the assembly surface.

25. A method for constructing an underwater tunnel, which uses the water shield machine according to any one of claims 11 to 24, comprising the steps of:

preparation before construction: the method comprises the steps of tunnel entrance and exit pipeline construction, underwater foundation treatment and leveling;

laying a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline: conveying the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline to a water area above a preset construction position, putting the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline into water by adopting hoisting equipment or pipe laying equipment, and carrying out sinking installation, wherein the inner water body and the outer water body of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline are communicated after the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline enters the water, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is laid at a preset position on an underwater foundation, the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline laid on the foundation is connected with and communicated with the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline, and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is fixed on the underwater foundation by adopting a position locking structure;

assembling construction equipment: the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline at one end of the tunnel body is used as an originating tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline, the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline at the other end is used as a tail end tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline, installing drainage equipment in the terminal tunnel entrance and exit pipeline, erecting the water shield machine at a preset position in the atmospheric environment outside the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline close to the originating tunnel entrance and exit pipeline, and installing in place a grease filling and pressurizing device, the grouting device, a tunnel segment lifting device and the tunnel segment assembling device which are adapted to the water shield machine, wherein the outer wall of a shield body of the water shield machine is adapted to the shape of the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, and the water shield machine is initially erected and installed at a position which can enter the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline along the axis of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and slide towards the outlet and inlet pipelines of the tail end tunnel in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline under the action of the propulsion mechanism;

construction of a main pressure-bearing pipeline and a filling pressure layer: the propulsion mechanism drives the water shield tunneling machine to propel from a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline port close to an entrance pipeline and an exit pipeline of the tunnel at the initiating end to a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline port close to an entrance pipeline and an exit pipeline of the tunnel at the tail end, the tunnel segment assembling device assembles tunnel segments in the shield shell along with the propulsion of the water shield tunneling machine to construct a main pressure-bearing pipeline, the shield tail sealing mechanism is tightly connected with the tunnel segments assembled in place to temporarily seal a gap between the shield tail and the tunnel segments to form a water-resisting structure, then the grouting device is started to inject grouting material into a gap between the tunnel segments and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline through the grouting hole channel, and the grouting material is solidified to form the filling pressure layer between the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline; the shield tail sealing mechanism enables the water shield machine to continuously push and discharge water from the tunnel body in the propelling process by a water isolating structure formed between the shield tail and the assembled tunnel segment in place until the water shield machine is propelled to the tail end tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline to finish drainage of the tunnel body, the tunnel segment assembling device and the grouting device alternately finish assembling of a main pressure bearing pipeline in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and filling of a pressurizing layer construction step by step along with the propelling process of the water shield machine, namely the construction of the tunnel body is finished, and the drainage equipment is opened in the step to timely discharge water in the tail end tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline;

ending: and removing the construction equipment, namely finishing the underwater tunnel construction.

26. The underwater tunnel construction method of claim 25, wherein the propulsion mechanism is a hydraulic ejector, and two ends of the hydraulic ejector are respectively abutted against the shield shell and the assembled tunnel segments;

the construction equipment assembling step includes: a reaction frame for providing pushing counterforce for the pushing mechanism is arranged at a preset distance position outside the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline close to the entrance and exit pipeline of the tunnel at the initiating end; installing an originating bracket of the water shield machine on the ground between the reaction frame and the port of the waterproof constraining pilot pipe, a sliding surface of the originating bracket being disposed coplanar with an extension surface of an inner surface of the waterproof constraining pilot pipe; the water shield machine is hoisted and mounted on the starting bracket, and the grease filling and pressurizing equipment, the grouting device, the tunnel segment hoisting equipment and the tunnel segment assembling device are mounted in the shield shell, wherein the grouting device is connected with the grouting hole, and the grease filling and pressurizing equipment is connected with the grease hole; the sum of the constant weights of the water shield machine and a bearing object thereof is configured to be not less than the weight of water drained from the outer contour of the pipe section of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline within the length range of the water shield machine;

the construction steps of the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the filling pressurized layer comprise: the propulsion mechanism drives the water shield tunneling machine to start to propel forwards from the self-reaction frame and to advance from the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline close to the inlet and outlet pipeline of the originating tunnel to the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline close to the inlet and outlet pipeline of the tail end tunnel, the tunnel segment assembling device assembles tunnel segments in the shield shell along with the propulsion of the water shield tunneling machine to construct a cylindrical pipeline, the tunnel segment assembling device takes the reaction frame as a starting point and a pipeline constructed from the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline as a temporary negative ring pipeline, after the tunnel segment assembling device enters the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline along with the water shield machine, assembling tunnel segments in the shield shell along with the propulsion of the water shield tunneling machine by taking the front end of the temporary negative ring pipeline as a starting point so as to construct a main pressure-bearing pipeline in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline; when the shield tail of the water shield machine passes through the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline to enter the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and does not enter water, adopting a closure to close a gap between the pipe wall at the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the tunnel pipe pieces assembled in place, then starting grease filling and pressurizing equipment to fill grease into the shield tail sealing mechanism and pressurize to a specified pressure value, enabling the shield tail sealing mechanism to be tightly attached to the assembled tunnel segment in place under the action of high-pressure grease so as to form a waterproof structure between the shield tail and the tunnel segment, then starting the grouting device to inject grouting material into a gap between the tunnel segment and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline through the grouting hole, and solidifying the grouting material so as to form the filling pressurization layer between the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline; the shield tail sealing mechanism enables the water shield machine to continuously push and discharge water from the inside of the tunnel body in the propelling process until the water shield machine is propelled to the inlet and outlet pipelines of the tail end tunnel to finish the drainage of the tunnel body, and the tunnel segment assembling device and the grouting device alternately finish the assembling of the main pressure-bearing pipeline in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the construction of filling a pressure layer step by step along with the propelling process of the water shield machine.

The ending step comprises: and dismantling the temporary negative ring pipeline, the reaction frame and the starting bracket, and removing construction equipment, namely completing the construction of the underwater tunnel.

27. A method of constructing an underwater tunnel according to claim 25, wherein the water-tight restraining pilot conduit comprises a plurality of lengths of pipe, the lengths of pipe being spliced to form the water-tight restraining pilot conduit.

28. The underwater tunnel construction method of claim 25, wherein the position locking structure fixes the waterproof constraining pilot pipeline with a backfill locking material; the construction steps of the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the filling pressurized layer further comprise a secondary backfill locking step;

the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline laying step comprises the following steps: putting a part of backfill locking materials into the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline in the laying process of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline to fix the position of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline so that the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline can resist the action of hydrodynamic force in the environment without displacement or damage, and controlling the acting force of the part of backfill locking materials on the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline to be in the range which can be borne by the structural strength of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline;

29. The underwater tunnel construction method of claim 28, wherein the backfill locking material is one or more of crushed stone, concrete or concrete precast elements.

30. The underwater tunnel construction method according to claim 25, wherein the water shield machine according to claim 21 is adopted, the waterproof constraining pilot pipeline is a tensile pipe body capable of bearing grouting pressure, and in the main pressure-bearing pipeline and filling pressurized layer construction step, the grouting process in which the grouting device injects grouting material into a gap between the tunnel segment and the waterproof constraining pilot pipeline through the grouting hole includes: the shield tail sealing mechanism is used for sealing the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the assembled tunnel pipe pieces in place before grouting to temporarily seal a gap between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the tunnel pipe pieces to form a waterproof structure, grouting and propulsion of the water shield machine are synchronously carried out to keep the grouting to be always filled in a gap between the tunnel pipe pieces and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline on the rear side of the shield tail sealing mechanism, the grouting pressure in the grouting process is higher than the environmental pressure at the tunnel construction position, and the pressure difference between the grouting pressure and the environmental pressure is larger than 0.2 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of underwater traffic engineering, in particular to an underwater tunnel, an underwater tunnel construction method and a water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction.

Background

The traditional underwater tunnel generally adopts two structural forms of a shield tunnel and a immersed tunnel. The shield method tunnel adopts a shield machine to tunnel in a submarine soil layer, and adopts grease filling and pressurizing equipment, a grouting device, tunnel segment lifting equipment and a tunnel segment assembling device which are matched with the shield machine to carry out tunnel assembling construction in the tunneling process of the shield machine. The shield method tunnel construction has higher requirements on geological conditions, and the shield tunneling machine is difficult to tunnel due to different hardness of strata or the higher tunneling cost of the shield tunneling machine is caused by high strength of bedrock. The construction of the immersed tunnel has high requirements on water depth conditions, and cannot adapt to larger water depth due to the limitation of water stopping structures among pipe joints and the performance of water stopping materials. The construction period of the two tunnels is longer, the requirement on construction environment conditions is higher, the construction difficulty is higher, higher safety risks exist in the process of tunneling the shield tunneling machine and sinking and butting the immersed tube, and the tunnel can have water leakage in the process of construction and use and has potential safety hazards.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention fundamentally solves the problems of influence of geological conditions and water depth conditions, safety risks and the like of the traditional underwater tunnel, and provides the underwater tunnel, the underwater tunnel construction method and the water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction. This tunnel under water can simplify the work progress, reduces construction environmental condition requirement, reduces the construction risk, effectively reduces construction cost and construction cycle, improves the waterproof nature in tunnel.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

an underwater tunnel comprises a tunnel body arranged underwater, tunnel entrance and exit pipelines used for connecting a port of the tunnel body with an atmospheric space outside the tunnel, wherein the tunnel body comprises a main pressure-bearing pipeline, a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline sleeved outside the main pressure-bearing pipeline and used for isolating water and guiding propelling of a shield, a filling pressurization layer formed by slurry filling materials filled between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the main pressure-bearing pipeline to seal a gap between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the main pressure-bearing pipeline, and a position locking structure used for fixedly installing the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline on an underwater foundation;

Preferably, the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline can be connected in any connection mode which can meet the connection requirements of the underwater pipeline, such as bonding, welding, casting, sleeving, bolting, riveting, tongue-and-groove connection, flange connection and the like, namely the pipeline connection part is sealed and watertight, or the water seepage quantity at the connection part is insufficient, or the normal construction is not influenced under the condition that control measures or elimination measures of conventional underwater pipeline construction are taken.

Preferably, the tunnel entrance pipeline is provided with an underwater port and an onshore port, the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline penetrates into the tunnel entrance pipeline from the underwater port, and the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline is inserted into the tunnel entrance pipeline to be communicated with the onshore port.

Preferably, the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is fixedly connected with the tunnel entrance pipeline in a watertight manner, and the watertight fixation is that the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is fixedly connected with the tunnel entrance pipeline in a watertight manner, and the joint is sealed and watertight.

Preferably, the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline comprises a plurality of sections of pipe joints, the pipe joints are spliced to form the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline, and the pipe joints are mutually connected.

Preferably, the pipe sections spliced to form the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline can be connected in any connection mode which can meet the connection requirements of underwater pipelines, such as bonding, welding, casting, sleeving, bolting, riveting, tongue-and-groove connection, flange connection and the like, namely the pipeline connection part is sealed and watertight, or the water seepage quantity at the connection part is insufficient, or the normal construction is not influenced under the condition of adopting the control measures or elimination measures of the conventional underwater pipeline construction.

Preferably, the pipe sections spliced to form the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline are fixedly connected in a watertight manner, namely the pipe sections of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline are fixedly connected and the joint is sealed and watertight.

Preferably, the waterproof constraining pilot conduit can be provided as a rigid conduit or a conduit with a certain flexibility.

Preferably, the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline is a tensile pipe body capable of bearing grouting pressure, the main pressure-bearing pipeline is of a prestressed structure, and the tunnel segment has compressive stress applied in advance by the filling and pressurizing layer.

Preferably, the circumferential stress that the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline can bear is greater than or equal to 100MPa, and the compressive strength of the main pressure-bearing pipeline is greater than or equal to 23 MPa.

Preferably, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is any one or combination of a plurality of polymer composite material pipelines, metal pipelines or reinforced concrete pipelines; the tunnel segment is any one or combination of multiple reinforced concrete segments or metal segments, the periphery of the tunnel segment is embedded with elastic sealing strips, and the tunnel segments are connected through bolts.

Preferably, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is a glass fiber reinforced plastic pipeline.

Preferably, the radial section of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is circular or elliptical.

Preferably, the position locking structure comprises a backfill locking unit for fixing the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, and the backfill locking unit comprises a backfill locking material coated outside the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline.

Preferably, the specific gravity of the pipe wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is larger than that of the environmental water at the installation position of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline.

The invention also discloses a water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction, which is used for the underwater tunnel construction and comprises a shield shell capable of accommodating a tunnel segment assembling device, a grouting pore passage for connecting the grouting device to a gap between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the tunnel segments for grouting, a shield tail sealing mechanism and a propelling mechanism for driving the water shield machine to advance, wherein the rear end of the shield shell is open and can be connected with a pipeline formed by the tunnel segments which are assembled in place in an inserting manner, the shield shell comprises a shield head, a shield body and a shield tail which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the shield tail sealing mechanism is arranged on the shield tail, the shield tail sealing mechanism comprises a shield tail brush and a grease pore passage for connecting grease filling and pressurizing equipment, the water shield machine is characterized in that a cutter head and a slag discharging mechanism for removing muck are not arranged, the outer wall of the shield body is matched with the shape of the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pipeline, and the shield tail sealing mechanism can tightly connect the assembled tunnel segments in place so as to seal the gap between the shield tail and the tunnel segments inserted into the rear port of the shield tail before grouting, and dry construction conditions are formed in the shield shell and at the rear side of the shield shell.

Preferably, the front end and the side wall of the shield shell are both of a watertight structure, and the shield shell in the working state of the water shield machine forms a waterproof structure for preventing water from entering the shield shell and the rear side of the shield shell. The working state is that the water shield mechanism and the matched equipment (such as a grouting device and grease filling and pressurizing equipment) are assembled, the shield tail sealing mechanism is tightly connected with the tunnel segment in water, the grease hole is connected with the grease filling and pressurizing equipment and is filled with grease, and the grouting hole is connected with the grouting device and is filled with slurry or is in a closed state.

Preferably, a reinforcing structure for transmitting and diffusing the load borne by the shield shell to enhance the bearing capacity of the shield shell is arranged in the shield shell.

Preferably, the reinforcing structure may be any conventional shell support reinforcing structure such as a reinforcing beam, for example, a rib plate.

Preferably, the outer wall of the shield body is provided with a lubricating structure for reducing the friction force between the shield body and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline.

Preferably, the lubricating structure comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene layer coated on the outer wall of the shield body.

Preferably, the dredging device further comprises a dredging mechanism capable of removing sediments in the front of the shield body, the dredging mechanism comprises a dredge pump installed in the shield shell, the shield is firstly provided with a pipeline outlet used for penetrating through a dredging pipeline of the dredging mechanism, the pipeline outlet is in watertight connection with the dredging pipeline, the dredging pipeline is provided with a valve, a dredging head of the dredging mechanism is arranged in the front of the shield body, and the dredging pipeline and the valve are connected with the dredge pump.

Preferably, the shield head is provided with a protruding structure protruding forwards, and the radial dimension of the front end of the shield head is smaller than that of the rear end of the shield head.

Preferably, the front end face of the shield head is a hemispherical surface protruding forwards, the shield head comprises a plurality of cylindrical surfaces, the radial sizes of the cylindrical surfaces are sequentially increased from the rear end of the hemispherical surface to the front end of the shield body, the central lines of the hemispherical surfaces, the central lines of the cylindrical surfaces and the central line of the shield body are arranged in a collinear manner, and the reinforcing structure comprises an arch ring and rib plates, wherein the arch ring is used for connecting two adjacent cylindrical surfaces or two adjacent cylindrical surfaces and the shield body, and the rib plates are arranged in the cylindrical surfaces.

Preferably, the cylindrical surface is a cylindrical surface, the outer contour of the arch ring is an arc ring formed by rotating an arc in a plane at the same position as the central axis of the shield body around the central axis of the shield body along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the arc, the front edge and the rear edge of the arch ring panel are respectively in seamless connection with the two adjacent cylindrical surfaces, or the front edge and the rear edge of the arch ring panel are respectively in seamless connection with the adjacent cylindrical surface and the shield body; ribbed plates are arranged on the inner side of the cambered annular panel of the arch ring.

Besides the structure, the shield tail sealing mechanism can also adopt any one of the existing shield tail brush structure or shield tail sealing mechanism structure.

Preferably, the shield tail brush comprises bristles and a tail brush plate, a fixing area of the outer wall of one side of the tail brush plate is used as a bristle mounting surface for mounting the bristles, the roots of the bristles are fixedly mounted on the bristle mounting surface, and the bristles are arranged in a plurality and densely distributed on the bristle mounting surface;

Preferably, the shield tail brush further comprises a bristle restraining ring, the bristle restraining ring is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the tail brush plate, an area, located in the bristle restraining ring, of the outer wall of the tail brush plate forms the bristle mounting surface, and free ends of the bristles extend out of the bristle restraining ring.

Preferably, the bristle restraining ring is a strip-shaped flat belt with two ends butted to form a belt-shaped ring, the side wall of the bristle restraining ring is perpendicular to the bristle mounting surface, the bristles are enclosed in the ring by the bristle restraining ring to form a bristle bundle, and the side edge of the bristle restraining ring close to the root of the bristles is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the tail brush plate; the strip-shaped bag body is made of an elastic film with micropores, only one bag opening is arranged on the strip-shaped bag body, and the bag opening is arranged at the root part of the bristles to form the communicating hole; the elastic membrane is a fiber membrane with micropores and elasticity, which is formed by mutually interweaving or bonding fibers; the outer wall of the tail brush plate opposite to the brush hair installation surface is used as an assembly surface which is in contact with a shield tail of a shield machine, the assembly surface is matched with the shield tail in shape, and the assembly surface is an arc surface which can be attached to the shield tail; the tail brush plate is an arc-shaped plate, and the outer wall of the tail brush plate where the brush hair installation surface is an arc surface parallel to the assembly surface.

Preferably, the grease pore is seted up in the shield tail, the grease output port in grease pore is established to circular tenon shape drill way, the grease entry be established to with the awl fourth of the twelve earthly branches drill way of circular tenon shape drill way adaptation (the awl fourth of the twelve earthly branches drill way is for having the conical circular fourth of the twelve earthly branches shape through-hole so that with circular tenon drill way is identical).

Preferably, the fixed connection mode between the bristle root and the tail brush plate is any one or combination of more of bonding, welding, fusion welding and mechanical clamping; the fixed connection mode between the bristle restraining ring and the tail brush plate is any one or combination of bonding, welding, fusion welding, riveting, bolt connection and mechanical clamping.

The invention also discloses a construction method of the underwater tunnel, which adopts the water shield machine and comprises the following steps:

preparation before construction: the method comprises the steps of tunnel entrance and exit pipeline construction, underwater foundation treatment and leveling;

laying a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline: conveying the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline to a water area above a preset construction position, putting the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline into water by adopting hoisting equipment or pipe laying equipment, and carrying out sinking installation, wherein the inner water body and the outer water body of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline are communicated after the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline enters the water, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is laid at a preset position on an underwater foundation, the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline laid on the foundation is mutually connected and communicated with the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline, and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is fixed on the underwater foundation by adopting the position locking structure;

construction of a main pressure-bearing pipeline and a filling pressure layer: the propulsion mechanism drives the water shield tunneling machine to propel from a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline port close to an entrance pipeline of the tunnel at the initiating end to a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline port close to an entrance pipeline of the tunnel at the tail end, the tunnel segment assembling device performs assembling of tunnel segments in the shield shell along with the propulsion of the water shield tunneling machine to construct a main pressure-bearing pipeline, the shield tail sealing mechanism can tightly connect the assembled tunnel segments in place before grouting to temporarily seal a gap between the shield tail and the tunnel segments to form a water-resisting structure, then the grouting device is started to inject grouting material into the gap between the tunnel segments and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline through the grouting hole, and the grouting material is solidified to form a filling pressurization layer between the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline; the shield tail sealing mechanism enables the water shield machine to continuously push and discharge water from the tunnel body in the propelling process by a water isolating structure formed between the shield tail and the assembled tunnel segment in place until the water shield machine is propelled to the tail end tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline to finish drainage of the tunnel body, the tunnel segment assembling device and the grouting device alternately finish assembling of a main pressure bearing pipeline in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and filling of a pressurizing layer construction step by step along with the propelling process of the water shield machine, namely the construction of the tunnel body is finished, and the drainage equipment is opened in the step to timely discharge water in the tail end tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline;

ending: and removing the construction equipment, namely finishing the underwater tunnel construction.

Preferably, the propulsion mechanism is a hydraulic ejection device, and two ends of the hydraulic ejection device are respectively abutted against the shield shell and the assembled tunnel segment in place;

the construction equipment assembling step includes: installing a reaction frame for providing the pushing counterforce of the pushing mechanism at a preset distance outside the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline close to the tunnel entrance and exit pipeline of the initiating end (the specific installation method of the reaction frame is that an anti-slide pile is arranged and a concrete bearing platform is poured at the pile head, and the reaction frame for providing the pushing counterforce of the pushing mechanism is installed on the concrete bearing platform; installing an originating bracket of the water shield machine on the ground between the reaction frame and the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline (the specific installation method of the originating bracket is that, on the ground between the reaction frame and the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, gravels are laid according to the position and the trend of the inner wall surface of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, cushion concrete is laid on the gravels, the originating bracket is installed on the upper surface of the cushion concrete), and the sliding surface of the originating bracket and the extension surface of the inner surface of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline are arranged in a coplanar manner; the water shield machine is hoisted and mounted on the starting bracket, and the grease filling and pressurizing equipment, the grouting device, the tunnel segment hoisting equipment and the tunnel segment assembling device are mounted in the shield shell, wherein the grouting device is connected with the grouting hole, and the grease filling and pressurizing equipment is connected with the grease hole; the sum of the constant weights of the water shield machine and a bearing object thereof is configured to be not less than the weight of water drained from the outer contour of the pipe section of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline within the length range of the water shield machine;

the construction steps of the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the filling pressurized layer comprise: the propulsion mechanism drives the water shield tunneling machine to start to propel forwards from a self-reaction frame and advance from a waterproof restraint pilot pipeline port close to an originating tunnel entrance pipeline to a waterproof restraint pilot pipeline port close to a terminal tunnel entrance pipeline, the tunnel segment assembling device assembles tunnel segments in the shield shell along with propulsion of the water shield tunneling machine to construct a cylindrical pipeline, the tunnel segment assembling device takes the reaction frame as a starting point to a pipeline constructed by the port of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline as a temporary negative ring pipeline (the temporary negative ring pipeline is a temporary pipeline assembled by the tunnel segments and positioned outside the port of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline), and the tunnel segment assembling device assembles the tunnel segments in the shield shell along with propulsion of the water shield tunneling machine to form the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline after entering the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline along with the water shield tunneling machine by taking the front end of the temporary negative ring pipeline as a starting point Constructing a main pressure-bearing pipeline in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline; when the shield tail of the water shield machine passes through the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline to enter the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and does not enter water, adopting a closure to close a gap between the pipe wall at the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the tunnel pipe piece, then starting grease filling and pressurizing equipment to fill grease into the shield tail sealing mechanism and pressurize to a specified pressure value, enabling the shield tail sealing mechanism to cling to the tunnel segment under the action of high-pressure grease at a preset pressure so as to form a waterproof structure between the shield tail and the tunnel segment, then starting the grouting device to inject grouting material into a gap between the tunnel segment and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline through the grouting hole, and solidifying the grouting material so as to form the filling pressurization layer between the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline; the shield tail sealing mechanism enables the water shield machine to continuously push and discharge water from the inside of the tunnel body in the propelling process until the water shield machine is propelled to the inlet and outlet pipelines of the tail end tunnel to finish the drainage of the pipelines in the tunnel body, and along with the propelling process of the water shield machine, the tunnel segment assembling device and the grouting device alternately finish the assembling of the main pressure-bearing pipelines in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the construction of filling a pressure layer step by step.

Preferably, the closure can adopt any structural component capable of temporarily sealing the pipe wall at the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the gap between the tunnel segments, for example, an annular steel plate can be used as the closure, one side of the steel plate is embedded in the concrete of the tunnel segments through anchor bars, and the other side of the steel plate is adhered to the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline through glue.

Preferably, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline comprises a plurality of sections of pipe joints, and the pipe joints are spliced to form the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline; in the step of laying the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, the pipe joints are laid, fixed and spliced section by section from the originating tunnel inlet-outlet pipeline and the tail end tunnel inlet-outlet pipeline respectively until the pipe joints at two ends are spliced to the junction, and the pipe joints at the junction are connected to finish the splicing, laying and fixing of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline.

The waterproof restraint pilot pipeline comprises a plurality of sections of pipe sections, and besides the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline is laid in the mode, the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline also can be laid, fixed and spliced section by section from the starting end tunnel entrance and exit pipeline to the tail end tunnel entrance and exit pipeline, so that the laying of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline is completed.

Preferably, the position locking structure adopts backfill locking materials to fix the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline; the construction steps of the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the filling pressurized layer further comprise a secondary backfill locking step;

the secondary backfill locking step comprises the following steps: and establishing a measuring system to measure the position of the shield tail sealing mechanism of the water shield machine in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, and timely putting the residual backfill locking material into the section which passes through the shield tail sealing mechanism and completes grouting to further embed and fix the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, so that the buoyancy on the pipeline generated after the water in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is pushed and emptied is overcome, and meanwhile, the tunnel body structure is further embedded and fixed, and the tunnel body structure is favorable for ensuring that the tunnel body structure reaches the stability standard in the operation period.

In the backfill locking step, except for the method, when the strength of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is allowed, the backfill locking material can be continuously put in and installed without distinguishing the backfill locking step and the secondary backfill locking step in the waterproof pilot pipeline laying step.

Preferably, the backfill locking material is one or more of gravel, concrete or concrete prefabricated parts. When the concrete or the concrete prefabricated member is used as the backfill locking material for fixing, ballasting and stabilizing the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, the backfill locking material can be put in and installed for construction in sequence as described above, the concrete can be divided into blocks by utilizing the self-bearing capacity of the concrete, the construction can be partially started before the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is laid, and the construction can be completely finished before the grease and the grouting material are filled.

Preferably, the shield tail sealing mechanism comprises a plurality of inner shield tail brush groups and an outer shield tail brush group, the inner shield tail brush groups are arranged on the inner wall of the shield tail, the inner shield tail brush groups are arranged along the axial direction of the shield tail, and each inner shield tail brush group comprises a plurality of shield tail brushes arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the shield tail; the outer shield tail brush group is established to a plurality of, and is a plurality of outer shield tail brush group is followed the shield tail axial is arranged, every outer shield tail brush group includes a plurality of edges the shield tail brush that the shield tail outer wall circumference was arranged, waterproof restraint guide's pipeline is established to the tensile body that can undertake grouting pressure, in main pressure-bearing pipeline and the construction step of filling the pressurized layer, the slip casting process that the slip casting device passed through the slip casting pore to the tunnel section of jurisdiction with the gap between the waterproof restraint guide's pipeline pours into the slip casting material includes: the shield tail sealing mechanism is tightly connected with the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the assembled tunnel pipe piece in place before grouting to temporarily seal a gap between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the tunnel pipe piece to form a water-proof structure, grease filling and pressurizing equipment is started to inject grease into the shield tail sealing mechanism and pressurize to a specified pressure value, the shield tail sealing mechanism is tightly attached to the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the tunnel pipe piece under the action of high-pressure grease at a preset pressure so as to form the water-proof structure between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline and the tunnel pipe piece, then the grouting device is started to inject grouting material into a gap between the tunnel pipe piece and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline through the grouting hole, and the grouting material and the propulsion of the water shield machine are synchronously carried out to keep the grouting material to be always filled in the tunnel pipe piece on the rear side of the shield tail sealing mechanism and the waterproof constraint pilot pipe And the grouting material pouring pressure in the grouting process is higher than the environmental pressure at the tunnel construction position, and the pressure difference between the grouting material pouring pressure and the environmental pressure is more than 0.2MPa, so that the designed and appointed pre-stress is formed in the pipe wall of the main pressure-bearing pipeline.

Preferably, the maximum hoop stress that the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline can bear is greater than or equal to 100MPa, the compressive strength of the main pressure-bearing pipeline is greater than or equal to 23MPa, the grouting pressure for constructing the filling pressurization layer can be higher than the environmental pressure, and the differential pressure is more than 0-2.5 MPa or even can be selected within the allowable bearing capacity range of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline or the main pressure-bearing pipeline, so that the compressive stress can be applied to the interior of the main pressure-bearing pipeline.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention fundamentally solves the problems of influence, safety risk and the like of geological and water depth conditions faced by the traditional underwater tunnel, provides the underwater tunnel, the underwater tunnel construction method and the water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a tunnel construction state according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a water shield mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a water shield mechanism with a dredging mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel body of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the starting state of the construction of the water shield machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a shield tail brush of the water shield machine of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a tail brush plate of the shield tail brush of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the brush bristle structure of the tail brush of the present invention;

in the above figures: 1-waterproof constraint pilot pipeline, 2-main pressure-bearing pipeline, 21-tunnel segment, 3-filling pressure layer, 4-shield shell, 41-shield head, 411-hemispherical surface, 412-cylindrical surface, 413-arch ring, 42-shield body, 421-lubricating structure, 43-shield tail, 431-shield tail inner wall, 432-shield tail outer wall, 5-grouting device, 51-grouting channel, 6-grease filling pressure device, 61-grease channel, 7-hydraulic pushing device, 8-shield tail sealing mechanism, 81-inner shield tail brush set, 82-outer shield tail brush set, 83-shield tail brush, 831-tail brush plate, 8311-assembly surface, 832-brush hair, 8321-communication hole, 8322-micropore, 833-constraint ring, 834-grease outlet, 835-grease inlet, 836-conveying channel, 9-position locking structure, 91-primary backfill locking material, 92-secondary backfill locking material, 10-dredging mechanism, 101-dredging pipeline, 102-dredging head, 103-dredge pump, 1 '-tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline, 2' -reaction frame, 3 '-originating bracket and 4' -temporary negative ring pipeline.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an underwater tunnel includes a tunnel body disposed under water, and a tunnel entrance/exit pipeline 1' for connecting a port of the tunnel body with an atmospheric space outside the tunnel, the tunnel body includes a main pressure-bearing pipeline 2, a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 sleeved outside the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 for isolating water and guiding a shield, a filling pressurization layer 3 formed by a grouting material filled between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 to seal a gap therebetween, and a position locking structure 9 for fixedly mounting the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 on an underwater foundation;

the ports of the waterproof constraint pilot pipelines 1 are communicated with the tunnel inlet and outlet pipelines 1 ', the ports of the waterproof constraint pilot pipelines 1 are connected with the tunnel inlet and outlet pipelines 1' and are communicated with each other, the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 comprises tunnel pipe pieces 21 which are assembled to form the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2, the tunnel pipe pieces 21 are prefabricated part structures which can be assembled to form the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 at will, and the tunnel pipe pieces 21 in the waterproof constraint pilot pipelines 1 are lined on the inner walls of the waterproof constraint pilot pipelines 1. (the tunnel entrance and exit pipeline 1' includes a land port opened in a land area above the water surface or a dry construction area in a cofferdam)

Specifically, the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline 1' can be connected in any connection mode which can meet the connection requirements of underwater pipelines, such as bonding, welding, casting, sleeving, bolting, riveting, tongue-and-groove connection, flange connection and the like, namely the pipeline connection is sealed and watertight, or the water seepage quantity at the connection part is insufficient, or the normal construction is not influenced under the condition of adopting the control measures or elimination measures of the conventional underwater pipeline construction.

Specifically, the port of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 is fixedly connected with the tunnel entrance and exit pipeline 1 'in a watertight manner, and the watertight fixation is that the port of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 is fixedly connected with the tunnel entrance and exit pipeline 1' and the joint is sealed and watertight.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the water shield machine for the underwater tunnel construction comprises a shield shell 4 capable of accommodating a tunnel segment assembling device, a grouting hole 51 for connecting a grouting device 5 to the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and grouting gaps between the tunnel segments 21, a shield tail sealing mechanism 8, and a propelling mechanism for driving the water shield machine to advance, wherein the rear end of the shield shell 4 is open and can be connected with a pipeline formed by the assembled tunnel segments 21, the shield shell 4 comprises a shield head 41, a shield body 42 and a shield tail 43 which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 is arranged on the shield tail 43, the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 comprises a shield tail brush 83 and a grease hole 61 for connecting a grease filling and pressurizing device 6, and is characterized in that the water shield machine is not provided with a cutter head and a slag discharging mechanism for removing dregs, and the outer wall of the shield body 42 is matched with the shape of the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, and can slide along the axis of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 under the action of the propulsion mechanism, the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 can tightly seal the assembled tunnel segment 21 in place so as to seal the gap between the shield tail 43 and the tunnel segment 21 inserted into the rear port of the shield tail 43 before grouting, and dry construction conditions are formed in the shield shell 4 and at the rear side of the shield shell 4.

The dry construction condition is that the quantity of water existing in a relatively closed environment or the existing mode of the water is not enough to influence the construction environment condition of normal construction operation of the grease filling and pressurizing equipment 6, the grouting device 5, the tunnel segment lifting equipment, the tunnel segment assembling device and other equipment in the environment, the shield shell 4 with an opening at the rear end forms a water blocking structure which prevents water in front of the shield shell 4 from flowing into the rear of the shield shell 4 in a large quantity through the shield shell 4 in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, so that a water isolating structure can be formed by sealing a gap between pipelines formed by assembling the shield tail 43 and the tunnel segments 21 inserted with the shield tail 43 through a shield tail sealing mechanism 8, and dry construction conditions are formed in the shield shell 4 and at the rear side of the shield shell 4.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the underwater tunnel construction method adopts the water shield machine, and the construction method includes the following steps:

preparation before construction: the method comprises the steps of tunnel entrance and exit pipeline 1' construction, underwater foundation treatment (the foundation can be grooved or not grooved according to the actual construction requirement, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is arranged on the foundation in the groove body during grooving and is directly arranged on the foundation during non-grooving), and leveling;

laying a waterproof constraint pilot pipeline: the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is conveyed to a water area above a preset construction position, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is placed into water by adopting hoisting equipment or pipe laying equipment and is installed in a sinking mode, the inner water body and the outer water body of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 are communicated after the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 enters the water, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is laid at a preset position on an underwater foundation, a port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 laid on the foundation is connected with and communicated with a tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline 1', and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is fixed on the underwater foundation by adopting a position locking structure 9;

assembling construction equipment: taking the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline 1 'at one end of the tunnel body as an originating tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline, taking the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline 1' at the other end as a tail-end tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline, installing drainage equipment in the terminal tunnel entrance and exit pipeline, erecting the water shield machine at a preset position in the atmospheric environment outside the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 close to the originating tunnel entrance and exit pipeline, and installing the grease filling and pressurizing equipment 6, the grouting device 5, the tunnel segment lifting equipment and the tunnel segment assembling device which are matched with the water shield machine in place, the outer wall of the shield body 42 of the water shield machine is matched with the shape of the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, and the water shield machine is initially erected and installed at a position which can enter the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 along the axis of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 under the action of the propulsion mechanism and slide towards the outlet and inlet pipelines of the terminal tunnel in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1;

construction of a main pressure-bearing pipeline and a filling pressure layer: the propulsion mechanism drives the water shield machine to propel from the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 close to the inlet and outlet pipeline of the originating tunnel to the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 close to the inlet and outlet pipeline of the tail end tunnel, the tunnel segment assembling device assembles tunnel segments 21 in the shield shell 4 along with the propulsion of the water shield machine to construct a main pressure-bearing pipeline 2, the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 can be used for sealing the assembled tunnel segment 21 before grouting to temporarily close the gap between the shield tail 43 and the tunnel segment 21 to form a water-proof structure, then starting the grouting device 5 to inject grouting material into the gap between the tunnel segment 21 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 through the grouting hole 51, and solidifying the grouting material to form the filling pressurization layer 3 between the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1; the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 forms a waterproof structure between the shield tail 43 and the assembled tunnel segment 21 in place, so that the water shield machine continuously pushes and discharges water from the tunnel body in the propulsion process until the water shield machine propels to the terminal tunnel entrance and exit pipeline to finish the drainage of the tunnel body, along with the propulsion process of the water shield machine, the tunnel segment assembling device and the grouting device 5 alternately finish the assembling of the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the filling and pressurizing layer 3 construction step by step, namely the tunnel body construction is finished, and the drainage equipment is opened in the step to discharge the water in the terminal tunnel entrance and exit pipeline in time;

ending: and removing the construction equipment, namely finishing the underwater tunnel construction.

Above-mentioned tunnel under water adopts neotype tunnel structure, compares with traditional shield structure method tunnel, outside this pressure-bearing waterproof system of "tunnel segment adds slip casting material", has increased this permanent waterproof layer of waterproof restraint guide's pipeline 1 has improved tunnel's waterproof performance under water. Because the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is a product produced in a factory, the reliability of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline is completely controlled, the construction quality can be effectively improved, and the construction difficulty is reduced. The underwater tunnel of the embodiment takes the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 as a main pressure-bearing structure, and the arrangement of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 mainly plays a role in water isolation and construction guidance of the water shield machine. At waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 laying process, the inside and outside water of pipeline communicates, so this application does not have higher requirement to the ability of bearing external pressure of waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1. Compare in immersed tube tunnel construction, the degree of difficulty and the environmental condition requirement that the waterproof construction of laying the pipeline of construction that is used for waterproof restraint guide pipeline 1 that this application adopted all are lower with lay the construction, and pipeline transport and installation cost are lower, and the operation is simpler, and compares with immersed tube tunnel structure, the restriction of water stopping structure and the withstand voltage characteristic of stagnant water material between traditional immersed tube festival has been overcome in the performance of the waterproof function of waterproof restraint guide pipeline 1 pipe wall, makes the depth of water that earlier pipe tunnel can adapt to under water increase by a wide margin. Because the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is a product produced in a factory, the material selection range is greatly increased, and conditions are created for breaking through the service life of the existing reinforced concrete immersed tube tunnel 120.

In order to realize the construction of the tunnel, the structure of the conventional shield machine is improved, and a water shield machine is designed. The shield equipment of this application need not to carry out ground tunnelling and row sediment in the work progress, and this water shield constructs the machine and does not set up the blade disc and clears away the slag discharging mechanism of dregs, and its main function is through the water shield construct the propulsion process discharge water in the tunnel body that the water shield constructs the machine and marchs and pass through in the waterproof restraint guide pipeline 1 of 42 shape adaptations rather than shield body (its theory of action is similar to piston structure), and its efficiency of construction and construction safety are far higher than conventional shield tunnel construction. When the water shield machine is in a working state, the shield head 41 and the shield body 42 are in contact with water, the shield tail 43 is butted with a tubular space formed by the assembled tunnel segments 21 in place, and the assembled tunnel segments 21 in place are tightly connected through the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 to form a water-proof structure. The shield shell 4 is arranged in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and driven by the propelling mechanism to step along the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1. The shield tail sealing mechanism 8 in a working state is tightly connected with the tunnel pipe pieces 21 assembled in place in the shield tail 43 to form a water-isolating structure between the two. The shield tail sealing mechanism 8 is tightly connected with the tunnel segment 21 and can slide relatively, so that a gap between the shield tail 43 and the tunnel segment 21 is temporarily closed before grouting, and construction conditions are provided for constructing the filling pressurization layer 3 by grouting. Simultaneously, the water-resisting structure can be used for pushing and ejecting the water in front of the shield shell 4 through the shield shell 4 in the propelling process of the water shield machine so as to discharge the water in front of the shield shell 4 from the inner pushing and ejecting of the tunnel body, thereby realizing the drainage of the tunnel body behind the shield shell 4. In the process that the water shield machine is propelled in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, along with the propelling process of the water shield machine, the tunnel segment assembling device and the grouting device 5 alternately complete the assembling of the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the filling of the pressurized layer 3 step by step, namely the construction of the tunnel body is completed. Compared with the conventional shield tunnel construction and immersed tube tunnel construction, the underwater tunnel construction method fundamentally solves the problems of influence, safety risk and the like of the geology and water depth conditions of the traditional underwater tunnel, can simplify the construction process, reduce the requirements of construction environment conditions, reduce the construction risk, effectively reduce the construction cost and the construction period, and improve the waterproofness of the tunnel.

The construction method of the underwater tunnel avoids the troubles caused by geological conditions with different hardness to the construction of the traditional shield method, avoids the safety risks and the complex technical problems of floating transportation, mooring and sinking butt joint of large immersed tube pipe sections weighing tens of thousands of tons on water, and overcomes the problem of long prefabrication period of the reinforced concrete immersed tube.

The utility model provides a grease filling pressurization equipment 6 grouting device 5, tunnel segment handling equipment and tunnel segment assembly device, shield tail sealing mechanism 8 all can adopt current device and the structure that uses with the shield constructs quick-witted adaptation, and the sealing process of shield tail sealing mechanism 8, grouting process, tunnel segment 21 assemble the construction process of constructing main pressure-bearing pipeline 2, shield constructs quick-witted propulsion process and all can refer to conventional shield tunnel's construction method in its construction process.

Specifically, the front end and the side wall of the shield shell 4 are both set to be waterproof structures, and the shield shell 4 in the working state of the water shield mechanism forms a water-resisting structure for preventing water from entering the shield shell 4 and the rear side of the shield shell 4. The working state is that the assembly of the water shield machine and supporting equipment (such as the grouting device 5 and the grease filling and pressurizing equipment 6) is completed, the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 is tightly connected with the tunnel segment 21 and the grease hole channel 61 and is connected with the grease filling and pressurizing equipment 6 and is full of grease when entering water, and the grouting hole channel 51 is connected with the grouting device 5 and is full of grout or is in a closed state. The front end and the side wall of the shield shell 4 are of watertight structures, so that the drainage effect of the water shield machine in the propelling process can be further ensured, and the dry construction conditions of the grease filling and pressurizing equipment 6, the grouting device 5, the tunnel segment lifting equipment, the tunnel segment assembling device and other equipment are ensured.

Specifically, the tunnel entrance and exit pipeline 1 ' is provided with an underwater port and a land port, the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 penetrates into the tunnel entrance and exit pipeline 1 ' from the underwater port, and the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 is inserted into the tunnel entrance and exit pipeline 1 ' to be communicated with the land port.

Specifically, waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 includes the multistage tube coupling, the tube coupling concatenation constitutes waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1, link up each other between the tube coupling. The waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 is of a segmented structure, so that the pipeline can be conveniently prefabricated, the pipeline transportation and installation can be completed by adopting a conventional transport ship and hoisting equipment, the transportation, installation and operation of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 can be more convenient, and the construction cost is reduced.

Specifically, the pipe sections spliced to form the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline can be connected in any connection mode which can meet the connection requirements of underwater pipelines, such as bonding, welding, casting, sleeving, bolting, riveting, tongue-and-groove connection, flange connection and the like, namely the pipeline connection part is sealed and watertight, or the water seepage quantity at the connection part is insufficient, or the normal construction is not influenced under the condition that the control measures or the elimination measures of the conventional underwater pipeline construction are adopted.

Specifically, the pipe sections spliced to form the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline are fixedly connected in a watertight manner, namely the pipe sections of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 are fixedly connected and the joint is sealed and watertight.

Specifically, the waterproof constraining pilot pipeline 1 can be set as a rigid pipeline or a pipeline with certain flexibility.

Specifically, the tunnel entrance pipeline 1' may be a tubular prefabricated member or a pipeline structure opened in a tunnel entrance building.

Specifically, the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 is a tensile pipe body capable of bearing grouting pressure, the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 is of a prestressed structure, and the tunnel segment 21 has compressive stress pre-applied by the filling and pressurizing layer 3. The waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is of a pipeline structure capable of bearing grouting pressure, and can bear larger grouting pressure in the construction process, so that the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 has prestress, and the prestress can be greater than the prestress applied by the environment pressure (including water and soil pressure) at the position of a tunnel, and further more structural stress and durability requirements are met.

Specifically, the maximum hoop stress that the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 can bear is greater than or equal to 100MPa, and the compressive strength of the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 is greater than or equal to 23 MPa. The grouting pressure for constructing the filling pressurization layer 3 can be higher than the environmental pressure, and the differential pressure is more than 0 to 2.5MPa or even can be selected within the allowable bearing capacity range of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 or the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2, so that the compressive prestress can be applied inside the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2.

Specifically, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is any one or combination of a plurality of polymer composite material pipelines, metal pipelines or reinforced concrete pipelines; the tunnel segment 21 is any one or combination of reinforced concrete segments or metal segments.

Specifically, the periphery of tunnel section of jurisdiction 21 is inlayed and is pasted the elasticity sealing strip, adopt bolted connection between the tunnel section of jurisdiction 21. The periphery of the tunnel segment 21 is embedded with an elastic sealing strip as a protection material of the tunnel segment 21 so that the tunnel segment is prevented from being damaged in the carrying and assembling processes, and the elastic sealing strip is used as a sealing material so that the splicing seam of the tunnel segment 21 is tight and waterproof after the assembling is finished. The adjacent tunnel segments 21 are connected and tightened by bolts, so that the assembled tunnel segments 21 form an integral cylindrical structure, the later assembled tunnel segments 21 are attached to the tunnel segments 21 which are assembled in advance and positioned by grouting, and the space position of the later assembled tunnel segments 21 is determined, so that the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 formed by assembling the tunnel segments 21 can continuously extend along the set direction along with the assembling progress; in addition, the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 formed by assembling the tunnel segments 21 can bear the external load transmitted through the wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the filling pressurization layer 3 by virtue of the arch ring effect of the main pressure-bearing pipeline. The tunnel segment 21 is fixedly connected with the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 into a whole through the filling pressurization layer 3 filled in a gap between the tunnel segment and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, and a stress and waterproof structure of the underwater pilot tunnel is formed together.

Specifically, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is a glass fiber reinforced plastic pipeline. The glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe with the smooth inner wall has better tensile property as the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, and can ensure that the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 smoothly slides through the whole waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 under the condition of being tightly attached to the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 at a certain pressure without generating excessive abrasion.

Specifically, the radial section of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is circular or elliptical.

Specifically, the position locking structure 9 includes a backfill locking unit for fixing the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1, and the backfill locking unit includes a backfill locking material coated outside the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1.

Specifically, the specific gravity of the pipe wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is greater than that of the environmental water at the installation position of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline.

Specifically, a reinforcing structure for transmitting and diffusing the load borne by the shield shell 4 to enhance the pressure bearing capacity of the shield shell 4 is arranged in the shield shell 4. The reinforcing structure may be any existing shell support reinforcing structure such as a reinforcing beam, for example, a rib plate.

Specifically, the outer wall of the shield body 42 is provided with a lubricating structure 421 for reducing the friction between the shield body 42 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, so that the propulsion resistance of the water shield machine is reduced, the equipment abrasion of the water shield machine is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Specifically, the lubricating structure 421 includes a polytetrafluoroethylene layer coated on the outer wall of the shield body 42.

Specifically, the water shield machine further comprises a dredging mechanism 10 which can remove the sludge in front of the shield body 42. The dredging mechanism 10 can remove silt deposited in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, and the silt is prevented from influencing the normal propulsion of the water shield machine in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and influencing the construction effect.

Specifically, desilting mechanism 10 including install in dredge pump 103 in the shield shell 4, the shield head 41 is equipped with and is used for wearing to establish the pipeline export of the desilting pipeline 101 of desilting mechanism 10, the pipeline export with watertight connection (promptly) between desilting pipeline 101 the desilting pipeline 101 with the pipeline exit linkage is sealed waterproof, the valve is installed to desilting pipeline 101, the desilting head 102 of desilting mechanism 10 is located shield body 42 the place ahead, and passes through desilting pipeline 101 and valve are connected dredge pump 103.

Specifically, the shield head 41 is provided with a forward-protruding structure, and the radial dimension of the front end of the shield head 41 is smaller than that of the rear end thereof. The shield head 41 with the structure can increase the inner space of the shield shell to arrange a reinforcing structure and matched construction equipment, and simultaneously, the arching effect of the shield head material is exerted to improve the stress performance of the structure.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the front end surface of the shield head 41 is a semi-spherical surface 411 protruding forward, the shield head 41 includes a plurality of cylindrical surfaces 412 whose radial sizes are sequentially increased and which are sequentially connected from the rear end of the semi-spherical surface 411 to the front end of the shield body 42, the central line of the semi-spherical surface 411, the central axes of the plurality of cylindrical surfaces 412 and the central axis of the shield body 42 are arranged in a collinear manner, and the reinforcing structure includes an arch 413 connecting two adjacent cylindrical surfaces 412 or adjacent cylindrical surfaces 412 and the shield body 42, and a rib plate arranged in the cylindrical surface 412.

Specifically, the cylindrical surface 412 is a cylindrical surface, the outer contour of the arch ring 413 is an arc ring formed by rotating around the central axis of the shield body 42 along the direction perpendicular to the plane of the arc in the same plane as the central axis of the shield body 42, the front and rear edges of the panel of the arch ring 413 are respectively connected with two adjacent cylindrical surfaces 412 in a seamless manner, or the front and rear edges of the panel of the arch ring 413 are respectively connected with the adjacent cylindrical surface 412 and the shield body 42 in a seamless manner; ribbed plates are arranged on the inner side of the cambered annular panel of the arch ring 413.

Specifically, the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 includes a plurality of inner shield tail brush groups 81 mounted on the shield tail inner wall 431 and a plurality of outer shield tail brush groups 82 mounted on the shield tail outer wall 432, the plurality of inner shield tail brush groups 81 are arranged along the shield tail 43 in the axial direction, and each inner shield tail brush group 81 includes a plurality of shield tail brushes 83 circumferentially arranged along the shield tail inner wall 431; outer shield tail brush group 82 sets up to a plurality of, and is a plurality of outer shield tail brush group 82 follows the shield tail 43 axial is arranged, every outer shield tail brush group 82 includes a plurality of edges shield tail outer wall 432 circumference is arranged shield tail brush 83. The inner wall and the outer wall of the shield tail are both provided with a sealing structure formed by shield tail brushes 83, a shield tail sealing mechanism 8 on the inner wall 431 of the shield tail can be tightly connected with the assembled tunnel pipe pieces 21 in place and form a water-proof structure with the tunnel pipe pieces 21, and a shield tail sealing mechanism 8 on the outer wall 432 of the shield tail can be tightly connected with the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and form a water-proof structure with the inner wall of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1.

Specifically, in the shield machine using the shield tail sealing mechanism 8, the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 in a working state, the assembled tunnel segment 21 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 are tightly connected and can slide relatively at the same time, so that a gap between the assembled tunnel segment 21 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is temporarily sealed before grouting, a filling pressurization layer 3 is constructed for grouting, and a prestress is applied to the tunnel segment 21 through the filling pressurization layer 3, so as to provide construction conditions, in the construction method, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is a tensile pipe body capable of bearing grouting pressure, in the construction steps of the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the filling pressurization layer, the grouting process of the grouting device 5 for injecting grouting slurry into the gap between the tunnel segment 21 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 through the grouting hole 51 comprises: the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 is used for tightly connecting the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the assembled tunnel pipe piece 21 in place before grouting to temporarily seal a gap between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the tunnel pipe piece 21 to form a waterproof structure, grease filling and pressurizing equipment 6 is started to fill grease into the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 and pressurize to a specified pressure value, so that the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 is tightly attached to the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the tunnel pipe piece 21 under the action of high-pressure grease under a preset pressure to form the waterproof structure between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the tunnel pipe piece 21, then the grouting device 5 is started to fill grouting material into a gap between the tunnel pipe piece 21 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 through the grouting hole 51, and the grouting material and the water shield machine are synchronously pushed to keep the grouting material filled in the rear side of the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 all the time The tunnel pipe piece 21 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, the grouting material perfusion pressure in the grouting process is higher than the environmental pressure at the tunnel construction position, and the pressure difference between the grouting material perfusion pressure and the environmental pressure is greater than 0.2MPa, so that the designed and appointed pre-stress is formed in the wall of the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2.

Specifically, the maximum hoop stress that the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 can bear is greater than or equal to 100MPa, the compressive strength of the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 is greater than or equal to 23MPa, the grouting pressure for constructing the filling pressurization layer 3 can be higher than the environmental pressure, and the differential pressure is more than 0-2.5 MPa and even can be selected within the allowable bearing capacity range of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 or the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2, so that the compressive stress can be applied to the wall of the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2.

The shield tail sealing mechanism 8 can adopt any one of the existing shield tail brush structure or shield tail sealing mechanism structure besides the structure.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the shield tail brush 83 includes bristles 832 and a tail brush plate 831, a fixing region of an outer wall of one side of the tail brush plate 831 serves as a bristle mounting surface for mounting the bristles 832, roots of the bristles 832 are fixedly mounted on the bristle mounting surface, and the bristles 832 are provided in a plurality and densely distributed on the bristle mounting surface;

a grease conveying unit is arranged in the tail brush plate 831 and comprises a plurality of conveying pore channels 836 which are mutually communicated, a grease inlet 835 and a grease outlet 834 which are communicated with the conveying pore channels 836, the grease inlet 835 is communicated with a grease output port of the grease pore channel 61, the grease outlet 834 and the bristles 832 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the grease inlet 835 is arranged on the outer wall of the tail brush plate 831 except for the bristle mounting surface, and the grease outlet 834 is arranged on the bristle mounting surface;

the brush hair 832 is set to be a strip-shaped bag body, a cavity inside the strip-shaped bag body forms a grease cavity capable of containing grease, micropores 8322 which can penetrate the grease are densely distributed on the outer wall of the grease cavity, and the root of the brush hair 832 is provided with a communicating hole 8321 which is communicated with the grease outlet 834 and the grease cavity correspondingly arranged on the brush hair 832. When the shield tail brush 83 works, grease is injected into a grease cavity of the bristles 832 from the grease inlet 835 by a grease output end of the grease injection pressurizing device 6, the bristles 832 are filled with the grease along with the injection of the grease, the grease in the grease cavity is extruded out of the bristles 832 from the micropores 8322 on the bristles 832, the grease outside the bristles 832 and the bristles 832 are matched to form a shield tail sealing structure 8, the bristles 832 are filled with the grease and are mutually extruded, the pressure of the sealing grease can be further improved, and the sealing effect of the shield tail brush 83 is enhanced.

Specifically, the shield tail brush 83 further includes a bristle restraining ring 833, the bristle restraining ring 833 is fixedly mounted on an outer wall of the tail brush plate 831, an area of the outer wall of the tail brush plate 831, which is located in the bristle restraining ring 833, forms the bristle mounting surface, and a free end of the bristle 832 extends out of the bristle restraining ring 833. The arrangement of the bristle confinement rings 833 can confine the range of motion of the bristles 832 during the process of filling the bristles 832 with grease, thereby further increasing the sealing grease pressure and further enhancing the sealing effect of the shield tail brush 83.

Specifically, the bristle restraining ring 833 is a ribbon-shaped ring formed by butting two ends of a long-strip-shaped flat belt, the side wall of the bristle restraining ring 833 is perpendicular to the bristle mounting surface, the bristle restraining ring 833 encloses the bristles 832 in a ring to form a bristle bundle, and the side edge of the bristle restraining ring 833, which is close to the root of the bristles 832, is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the tail brush plate 831; the strip-shaped bag body is made of an elastic film with micropores 8322, only one bag opening is arranged on the strip-shaped bag body, and the bag opening is arranged at the root of the bristles 832 to form the communicating hole 8321; the elastic membrane is a fiber membrane which is provided with micropores 8322 and has elasticity and is formed by interweaving or bonding fibers together; the outer wall of the tail brush plate 831 opposite to the brush hair installation surface is used as an assembly surface 8311 which is in contact with a shield tail 43 of the shield tunneling machine, the assembly surface 8311 is matched with the shield tail 43 in shape, and the assembly surface 8311 is an arc surface which can be attached to the shield tail 43; the tail brush plate 831 is an arc-shaped plate, and the outer wall of the tail brush plate 831 where the brush hair installation surface is located is an arc surface parallel to the assembly surface 8311.

Specifically, grease pore 61 is seted up shield tail 43, grease pore 61's grease output port is established to circular tenon shape drill way, grease entry 835 be established to with the awl fourth of the twelve earthly branches drill way of circular tenon shape drill way adaptation (the awl fourth of the twelve earthly branches drill way is for having the tapered circular fourth of the twelve earthly branches shape through-hole so that with circular tenon shape drill way is identical).

Specifically, the fixed connection mode between the root of the bristle 832 and the tail brush plate 831 is any one or combination of bonding, welding, fusion welding and mechanical clamping; the fixed connection mode between the bristle restraining ring 833 and the tail brush plate 831 is any one or combination of bonding, welding, fusion, riveting, bolt connection and mechanical clamping.

Specifically, the propulsion mechanism is a hydraulic ejection device 7, and two ends of the hydraulic ejection device 7 are respectively abutted against the shield shell 4 and the assembled tunnel segment 21;

the construction equipment assembling step includes: installing a reaction frame 2 'for providing the pushing counterforce of the pushing mechanism at a preset distance outside the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 close to the tunnel entrance and exit pipeline of the initiating end (the specific installation method of the reaction frame 2' is that an anti-slide pile is arranged and a concrete bearing platform is poured at the pile head, a reaction frame 2 'for providing the pushing counterforce of the driving mechanism is installed on the concrete bearing platform, the strength, the size, the driving depth, the driving position, the installation position, the structure and the section size and the structural strength of the anti-slide pile are designed according to the requirement of providing the required counterforce, and the counterforce provided by the reaction frame 2' is balanced with the transmitted jacking force); installing an originating bracket 3 'of the water shield machine on the ground between the reaction frame 2' and the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 (the specific installation method of the originating bracket 3 'is that on the ground between the reaction frame 2' and the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, broken stones are laid according to the position and the trend of the inner wall surface of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, cushion concrete is laid on the broken stones, and the originating bracket 3 'is installed on the upper surface of the cushion concrete), and the sliding surface of the originating bracket 3' is arranged in a coplanar manner with the extension surface of the inner surface of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1; hanging and installing the water shield machine on the starting bracket 3', and installing the grease filling and pressurizing device 6, the grouting device 5, the tunnel segment lifting device and the tunnel segment assembling device in the shield shell 4, wherein the grouting device 5 is connected with the grouting hole 51, and the grease filling and pressurizing device 6 is connected with the grease hole 61; the sum of the constant weights of the water shield machine and the load thereof is configured to be not less than the weight of water drained from the outer contour of the pipe section of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 within the length range of the water shield machine;

the construction steps of the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the filling pressurized layer comprise: the hydraulic jacking device 7 drives the water shield tunneling machine to start to advance from the reaction frame 2 ' and advance from the port of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 close to the entrance pipeline of the tunnel at the initiating end to the port of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 close to the entrance pipeline of the tunnel at the tail end, the tunnel segment assembling device performs splicing of tunnel segments 21 in the shield shell 4 along with the advance of the water shield tunneling machine to construct a cylindrical pipeline, the tunnel segment assembling device takes the reaction frame 2 ' as a starting point to the port of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 to construct a temporary negative circular pipeline 4 ' (the temporary negative circular pipeline 4 ' is a temporary pipeline assembled by tunnel segments 21 and positioned outside the port of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 and is in a construction state of constructing the temporary negative circular pipeline 4 ' as shown in figure 5), and after entering the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 along with the water shield tunneling machine, assembling tunnel segments 21 in the shield shell 4 along with the propulsion of the water shield tunneling machine by taking the front end of the temporary negative ring pipeline 4' as a starting point so as to construct a main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1; when the shield tail 43 of the water shield machine crosses the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and enters the interior of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and does not enter water, a closure is adopted to close a gap between the pipe wall at the port of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the tunnel pipe piece 21, then the grease filling and pressurizing device 6 is started to fill grease into the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 and pressurize to a specified pressure value, enabling the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 to be tightly attached to the tunnel pipe piece 21 under the action of high-pressure grease with preset pressure so as to form a waterproof structure between the shield tail 43 and the tunnel pipe piece 21, then starting the grouting device 5 to inject grouting material into a gap between the tunnel pipe piece 21 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 through the grouting hole 51, and solidifying the grouting material so as to form the filling pressurization layer 3 between the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 and the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1; the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 enables the water shield machine to continuously push and discharge the water in front of the shield shell 4 in the propelling process from the inside of the tunnel body until the water shield machine propels to the tail end tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline to finish the drainage of the tunnel body, and along with the propelling process of the water shield machine, the tunnel segment assembling device and the grouting device 5 alternately finish the assembling and filling pressurization layer construction of the main pressure bearing pipeline in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 step by step.

The ending step comprises: and (3) dismantling the temporary negative ring pipeline 4 ', the reaction frame 2 ' and the starting bracket 3 ', and removing construction equipment, namely completing the construction of the underwater tunnel.

The construction process of the temporary negative ring pipeline 4 'and the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2 assembled by the tunnel segments 21 is similar to the conventional shield tunnel construction process, the assembling of the tunnel segments 21 starts from the reaction frame, and a ring of the tunnel segments 21 assembled in the first sequence is abutted to the reaction frame 2'. The assembling of the tunnel segment 21 and the local withdrawing and supporting of the hydraulic thrustor 7 are performed alternately, the local hydraulic thrustor 7 is withdrawn first, the local tunnel segment 21 is assembled, and then the supporting of the local previously withdrawn hydraulic thrustor 7 is abutted to the newly assembled tunnel segment 21, so that the whole ring assembly is alternately completed, the outer wall of the assembled tunnel segment 21 is smooth, and the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 can smoothly slide through the whole integrated cylindrical structure (the temporary negative ring pipeline 4' and the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2) formed by assembling the tunnel segment 21 under the condition of being tightly attached to the outer wall at a certain pressure without generating excessive wear.

In the assembling process of the main pressure-bearing pipeline 2, after the whole ring of the tunnel segments 21 are assembled, the hydraulic pushing device 7 is operated to push the water shield machine forwards along the axial direction of the water-proof constraint pilot pipeline 1. The gap between the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 and the tunnel segment 21 is sealed by the shield tail sealing mechanism 8, a sealer and the filling pressurizing layer 3 formed by the grouting material injected in advance in the construction process, so that water in front of the shield shell 4 is isolated in the construction process to prevent the water from permeating into the tunnel body behind the shield shell 4, and the water drainage of the tunnel body is realized along with the propulsion of the water shield machine in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1.

Specifically, the closure is located waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 port department pipe wall with between the tunnel segment 21, be used for sealing waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 with gap between the tunnel segment 21, the closure can adopt arbitrary waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1's that can seal temporarily port department pipe wall with the structural component in gap between the tunnel segment 21, for example, available annular steel sheet is as the closure, and one side of steel sheet is through the anchor bar pre-buried in tunnel segment 21 concrete, and the another side is glued on waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 with glue.

Specifically, the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 comprises a plurality of sections of pipe joints, and the pipe joints are spliced to form the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1; in the step of laying the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, the pipe joints are laid, fixed and spliced section by section from the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline at the starting end and the tunnel inlet and outlet pipeline at the tail end respectively until the pipe joints at the two ends are spliced to the junction, the pipe joints at the junction are connected, and the splicing, the laying and the fixing of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 are completed. The method of simultaneously constructing two ends and splicing pipe sections is adopted to lay the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, so that the construction period can be shortened, and the construction efficiency can be improved.

The waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 comprises a plurality of sections of pipe sections, the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 can be paved in the mode, and the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 can be paved, fixed and spliced section by section from the starting end tunnel entrance and exit pipeline to the tail end tunnel entrance and exit pipeline, so that the paving of the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline 1 is completed.

The waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 can adopt an integral structure besides a segmented structure, and integral laying and installation are realized.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the position locking structure 9 adopts a backfill locking material to fix the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1; the construction steps of the main pressure-bearing pipeline and the filling pressurized layer further comprise a secondary backfill locking step;

the waterproof restraint pilot pipeline laying step comprises the following steps: putting a part of backfill locking material into the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 in the laying process of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 to fix the position of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 so as to resist the action of hydrodynamic force in the environment without displacement or damage, controlling the acting force of the part of backfill locking material on the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 to be in the range capable of bearing the structural strength of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, and taking the backfill locking material which is put into the step as a primary backfill locking material 91;

the secondary backfill locking step comprises the following steps: and establishing a measuring system to measure the position of the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 of the water shield machine in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, and timely putting the residual backfill locking material into the section which passes through the shield tail sealing mechanism 8 and completes grouting to further embed and fix the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, so as to overcome the buoyancy on the pipeline generated after the water in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is pushed and emptied, and meanwhile, further embedding and fixing the tunnel body structure is also favorable for ensuring that the tunnel body structure reaches the stability standard of the operation period, and the backfill locking material which is dumped and filled in the step is used as a secondary backfill locking material 92.

After the grouting of the filling pressurized layer 3 is completed, the secondary backfill locking material 92 in the range of the corresponding construction section can be put in, so that the putting in construction of the secondary backfill locking material 92 is advanced by one step. And (3) timely putting and installing secondary backfill locking materials 92 in sections which pass through the shield tail sealing device 8 and complete grouting so as to overcome the upper buoyancy generated after water in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is pushed and emptied, and meanwhile, further burying, pressing and fixing the tunnel body to enable the tunnel body to reach the operation period stability standard.

In the backfill locking step, except for the method, when the strength of the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is allowed, the backfill locking material can be continuously put in and installed without distinguishing the backfill locking step and the secondary backfill locking step in the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline laying step.

Specifically, the backfill locking material is one or more of gravel, concrete or concrete prefabricated components. When concrete or a concrete prefabricated member is used as a backfill locking material for fixing, ballasting and stabilizing the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1, the backfill locking material can be put in and installed for construction in sequence as described above, the concrete can be divided into blocks by utilizing the self-bearing capacity of the concrete, the construction is partially started before the waterproof constraint pilot pipeline 1 is laid, and the construction can be completely finished before grease and grouting material are filled.

Specifically, the grouting material is cement mortar which is prepared from cement, sand, water, fly ash, a pumping agent and a retarder according to a proportion.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art can apply the above modifications or variations to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.

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Underwater tunnel, underwater tunnel construction method and water shield machine for underwater tunnel construction

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