阅读说明：本技术 一种减免排水竖井井喷的井盖结构及其响应方法 (Well cover structure for reducing and avoiding drainage shaft blowout and response method thereof ) 是由 王芳芳 吴时强 吴修锋 戴江玉 高昂 杨倩倩 张宇 黄标 王小东 崔鹏飞 徐鹏 于 2020-05-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种减免排水竖井井喷的井盖结构及其响应方法,竖井连通地面大气与地下管道,井盖组件设置于竖井顶部,所述井盖组件为一端带有平板的锥体,使用时所述平板水平放置,与地面平齐。所述井盖组件包括井盖空腔、井盖空腔底面平板的中心处的中孔、锥体表面的多个通气孔以及安装组件,安装组件包含开启孔、限位措施和井盖支座。所述限位措施限制井盖自动打开最大角度；所述井盖通过井盖支座固定于地面,井盖支铰固定于所述井盖支座上,井盖外缘设置井盖肋板,所述井盖肋板设置“S”型肋板轨道,所述井盖支铰在肋板轨道内滑动。该结构预设多级减免竖井井喷功能和应急措施,自动应对和减免突发井喷事故,安全可靠,使用方法便捷安全可靠。(The invention relates to a well lid structure of a drainage-free vertical well blowout and a response method thereof. The well lid subassembly includes well lid cavity, the dull and stereotyped mesopore of center department in well lid cavity bottom surface, a plurality of air vents and the installation component on cone surface, and the installation component contains opening hole, spacing measure and well lid support. The limiting measures limit the maximum automatic opening angle of the well cover; the well lid is fixed in ground through the well lid support, and the well lid hinge is fixed in on the well lid support, the well lid outer fringe sets up the well lid floor, the well lid floor sets up "S" type floor track, the well lid hinge slides in the floor track. The structure presets a multi-stage reduction and avoidance shaft blowout function and emergency measures, automatically deals with and reduces an emergency blowout accident, and is safe and reliable, and the using method is convenient, safe and reliable.)

1. The utility model provides a well lid structure of drainage shaft blowout is exempted from to subtract, characterized by includes: the underground pipeline system comprises a vertical shaft and a well lid assembly, wherein the vertical shaft is used for communicating ground atmosphere with an underground pipeline; the well lid assembly comprises a well lid structure and an installation assembly thereof.

2. The manhole cover structure of the reduction and exemption drainage shaft blowout according to claim 1, wherein: the well lid structure is an inverted cone with a cavity, the bottom surface of the inverted cone is a flat plate, when the well lid structure is used, the flat plate of the well lid structure is horizontally placed and is flush with the ground, and the top end of the cone faces downwards; the shape of the cavity of the well cover cavity is an inverted cone, the shape of the central section of the cavity of the well cover cavity is an inverted isosceles triangle, the base angle of the isosceles triangle is less than 60 degrees, and the base angle is set to be 30-50 degrees; the well lid structure includes well lid cavity, well lid back taper and flat board, open at the flat board center has the mesopore to and a plurality of air vents on cone surface, mesopore and air vent intercommunication well lid cavity and atmosphere.

3. The manhole cover structure of the reduction and exemption drainage shaft blowout according to claim 2, wherein: the diameter of mesopore is greater than the air vent, the diameter of mesopore is 1/10~1/20 of well lid diameter, the mesopore sets up the top cap, the top cap can be opened automatically under certain pressure.

4. The manhole cover structure of the reduction and exemption drainage shaft blowout according to claim 2, wherein: a plurality of air vents are formed in the side wall of the inverted cone cavity of the well lid, the opening axis direction of the air vents is perpendicular to the wall surface, the air vents are vertically formed in the top point of the cone of the well lid cavity, and the air vents are communicated with the interior of the well lid cavity and the vertical shaft.

5. The manhole cover structure of the reduction and avoidance drainage shaft blowout of claim 4, wherein: the total area of the side wall vent holes of the well lid cavity is slightly larger than the total area of the flat plate opening air holes.

6. The manhole cover structure of the reduction and exemption drainage shaft blowout according to claim 1, wherein: the installation component comprises an opening hole, a well lid support and a limiting measure, wherein the limiting measure comprises a limiting soft rope, a soft rope hook and a soft rope support.

7. The well lid is fixed in ground through the well lid support, and the well lid hinge is fixed in on the well lid support, the well lid outer fringe sets up the well lid floor from central radiation, and the well lid floor of connecting the well lid support sets up "S" type floor track, the floor track is located on the well lid hinge, and slides along "S" type floor track.

8. The manhole cover structure of the reduction and avoidance drainage shaft blowout of claim 6, wherein: the limiting soft rope is arranged at the bottom of a well lid rib plate at the other end of the well lid support, the limiting soft rope is temporarily fixed on the soft rope support through a movable hook, and the maximum opening range of the limiting well lid is 15-45 degrees when the length of the soft rope is fully expanded; the opening hole is formed in the upper side of the flat plate of the well lid structure corresponding to the soft rope support.

9. A method of responding to a manhole cover structure for reducing or eliminating water drainage shaft blowouts as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

s1, designing a first-stage water-gas separation: when the height of the blowout is lower than the bottom of the well cover, the pressure difference between the inside of the vertical well and the ground atmosphere is communicated through the vent hole of the well cover, and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vertical well is balanced;

s2, designing a second-stage water-gas separation: when the height of the blowout contacts the well lid and the impact force is not enough to balance the weight of the well lid, the sprayed water-gas mixture collides with the well lid, part of the water-gas mixture falls back to the underground pipeline, the other part of the water-gas mixture enters the cavity of the well lid through the vent hole, liquid after gas-liquid separation also falls back to the underground pipeline through the vent hole, and redundant gas is discharged or sucked according to the pressure of the ground gas, which is the first-stage water-gas separation; if the water-gas mixture still has a large amount of energy after entering the cavity of the well lid, the water-gas mixture continues to be sprayed to the top plate of the well lid or the cavity is full, at the moment, the water-gas mixture in the cavity of the well lid is separated through the side face of the cone of the cavity and also overflows to the ground through the vent holes of the top plate of the well lid, and when water impact or air pressure is greater than the critical pressure for opening the middle hole top cover, the middle hole top cover is opened, so that a water overflow channel;

s3, designing third-stage water-gas separation: when the blowout intensity is big enough, when the injection impact force washes away the well lid, because spacing rope effect, certain angle is opened to the well lid, greatly increased and sprayed mixture passageway area, the inside and outside cavity of intercommunication shaft, on the basis of second stage aqueous vapor separation, a large amount of gas spills over, cuts down instantaneous pressure extreme value to exempt from the blowout intensity.

10. A method of responding to a manhole cover structure for reducing or eliminating drainage shaft blowouts according to claim 8, wherein the steps of opening and closing the manhole cover comprise: when the well lid is opened, the well lid handle is lifted until the well lid is separated from the ground by a certain angle, the limiting soft rope hook is removed, the well lid is continuously lifted to a position vertical to the ground, and in the process, the well lid support hinge slides from one end to the other end of the rib plate track under the action of self weight of the well lid, is clamped in the support and is fixed; when the well lid is closed, the well lid is lifted, and the well lid support hinge slides along with the rib plate rail, which is opposite to the opening process.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal engineering and hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a well cover structure for reducing and avoiding water drainage shaft blowout and a response method thereof.

Background

The pipeline water flow is widely existed in the life and production of people, such as urban sewer pipe network, hydropower station water delivery (water taking) building and the like, and the pipelines are usually horizontally arranged under the action of the gravity of the water flow. For drainage (gas) or as access passages, vertical passages, also called "shafts", are often provided in horizontal pipes.

In urban municipal pipe network, have a large amount of shafts as access way, the shaft communicates secret drainage pipe network and earth's surface atmosphere, also has functions such as catchmenting, drainage, steam extraction, and these shafts are sealed by the well lid under the normal conditions, open during the maintenance. Generally speaking, the flow state of water flow of a municipal drainage pipe network system is designed to be non-pressure flow with free water surface, when short-term heavy rain is experienced, the flow of the drainage pipe network is increased sharply, partial flow in the pipe is changed from gravity flow to pressure flow, a large-volume intercepting air bag is easily formed at the junction of slope change or branch pipes, the intercepting air bag moves along with the water flow in the pipe network, the air pressure is released through a vertical shaft, the severe fluctuation of the water flow pressure in a main pipe line at the vertical shaft, water and air mixing and fluctuation enhancement are caused, when the air pressure is large, a well cover is flushed away, the water and air mixture are sprayed upwards along the pipe, a water column. The height of the well jet can reach dozens of meters to twenty meters above the ground, the duration is from the magnitude of seconds to the magnitude of tens of seconds, and the duration of the series of well jets is as long as several minutes. The blowout can not only generate larger instantaneous pressure to induce the problems of pipeline vibration and even structural failure, but also lift the well cover of the vertical shaft to damage the safety of pedestrians and vehicles; for rain and sewage combined drainage pipelines, local flood caused by blowout causes problems of environmental pollution and the like. Particularly, in recent years, the extremely severe weather is frequent, the short-time heavy rainfall disaster of cities is easily formed, and the frequency of the well blowout accidents of the drainage vertical shafts of the urban sewer pipelines is also increased. Therefore, measures are required to reduce or avoid the occurrence of the shaft blowout phenomenon and ensure public safety.

At present, few researches on the method for reducing and avoiding the blowout of the vertical shaft of the urban pipe network are carried out at home and abroad. Summarizing, the current proposed abatement measures are mainly the following: (1) the pipe diameter of the vertical shaft is increased, and researches show that the instantaneous extreme pressure when blowout occurs can be reduced by increasing the pipe diameter of the vertical shaft (to the same size as the main pipeline); (2) the water vapor is provided with a buffer structure below the well cover, such as rubber balls or baffle plates and other water vapor which are elastically supported.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a well lid structure for reducing and avoiding water drainage shaft blowout, and further provides a design method of the well lid structure, which is used for limiting and breaking the fundamental condition of shaft blowout occurrence, avoiding the blowout phenomenon to the maximum extent, and adopting technical measures to inhibit and reduce and avoid water jet flow formed when the blowout occurs after the blowout can not be avoided, so as to achieve the purpose of water-gas separation and ensure that the blowout accident does not occur.

The technical scheme is as follows: a well lid structure of a drainage-free vertical well blowout is disclosed, which comprises a vertical well for communicating the ground atmosphere with an underground pipeline, and a well lid component arranged at the top of the vertical well; the well lid assembly comprises a well lid structure and an installation assembly thereof.

In further embodiment, the back taper body of well lid structure for having the cavity, back taper body bottom surface has dull and stereotyped cone for one end for a flat board subassembly, during the use the dull and stereotyped level of well lid structure is placed, and with ground parallel and level, the cone top is down. The well lid structure manufacturing material is cast iron, plastics, concrete or synthetic material, and gravity is G. The shape of the central section of the cavity of the well lid cavity is an inverted isosceles triangle, the base angle of the isosceles triangle is less than 60 degrees and is set to be 30-50 degrees, and the well lid can be freely opened without touching the wall surface of the vertical shaft; a plurality of vent holes and temporary access holes are formed in the periphery of the cavity of the well lid and communicated with the bottom surface and the inside of the vertical shaft. The well lid subassembly includes the well lid cavity, sets up the mesopore of dull and stereotyped center department in well lid cavity bottom surface, and winds a plurality of air vents that the mesopore array was arranged. The air holes can converge, and the aperture is set to be 1 cm-5 cm; the mesopore is located the cone bottom plate center, and the hole top sets up a top cap, and this top cap one end hinge is propped up, and the other end card is gone into in the draw-in groove, can open automatically when well lid cavity internal pressure is great.

In a further embodiment, the diameter of the middle hole is larger than that of the vent hole, and the diameter of the middle hole is 1/10-1/20 of the diameter of the well cover.

In a further embodiment, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the side surface of the well lid cavity, the opening axis direction of each vent hole is perpendicular to the wall surface, and the vent holes are communicated with the well lid cavity and the interior of the vertical shaft; and the vertex of the cone of the cavity of the well lid is vertically provided with a hole.

In a further embodiment, the total area of the side vent holes of the well lid cavity is slightly larger than the total area of the floor plate vent holes thereof.

In a further embodiment, the well lid is fixed in ground through the well lid support, and the well lid hinge is fixed in on the well lid support, the well lid outer fringe sets up the well lid floor, the well lid floor sets up "S" type floor track, the well lid hinge slides in "S" type floor track. When the well lid is vertical to the ground, the well lid hinge moves to the other side of the rib plate track, and at the moment, the well lid is fixed on one side of the vertical shaft; otherwise, when the well lid is closed, the well lid is lifted, and then the well lid hinge slides along with the rib plate rail.

In a further embodiment, the upper side of the well cover is provided with an opening hole; the bottom of a manhole cover rib plate at the other end of the support hinge is provided with a limiting soft rope, the limiting soft rope is fixed on the soft rope support through a movable hook, the maximum opening range of the limiting manhole cover is 15-45 degrees when the length of the soft rope is completely opened, and if the limiting manhole cover needs to be completely opened, the limiting manhole cover can be opened only by releasing the soft rope hook.

In a further embodiment, the well lid assembly comprises a well lid base, reinforcing ribs symmetrically welded on two side walls of the well lid base, and two turning plates rotatably arranged inside the well lid base; the two reinforcing ribs respectively form a driving part for connecting the driving connecting rod and a driven part for connecting the turning plate; the turning plate comprises a rotating shaft and a semicircular plate body, the two semicircular plate bodies completely cover the interior of the well lid base when closed, and a plurality of reinforcing plates which are mutually symmetrical to the axis of the rotating shaft by 90 degrees are arranged between the rotating shaft and the plate bodies; the driving connecting rod comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod which are respectively connected with the rotating shafts of the two turning plates in an interference fit manner, and a third connecting rod hinged between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, and the length ratio of the first connecting rod to the second connecting rod to the third connecting rod is 1: 1: 2.

a design principle of a well lid structure of a drainage shaft blowout is reduced or avoided, and response to the following three scenes is included:

s1, designing a first-stage water-gas separation: when the height of the blowout is lower than the bottom of the well cover, the pressure difference between the ground atmosphere and the pressure in the shaft at the moment is communicated with the balance pressure difference through the vent hole of the well cover;

s2, designing a second-stage water-gas separation: when the height of the blowout contacts the well lid and the impact force is not enough to balance the weight of the well lid, the sprayed water-gas mixture collides with the well lid, part of the water-gas mixture falls back to the underground pipeline, the other part of the water-gas mixture enters the cavity of the well lid through the vent hole, liquid after gas-liquid separation also falls back to the underground pipeline through the vent hole, and redundant gas is discharged or sucked according to the pressure of the ground gas, which is the first-stage water-gas separation; if the water-gas mixture still has a large amount of energy after entering the cavity of the well lid, the water-gas mixture continues to be sprayed to the top plate of the well lid or the cavity is full, at the moment, the water-gas mixture in the cavity of the well lid is separated through the side face of the cone of the cavity and overflows to the ground through the vent holes of the top plate of the well lid, and when water impact or air pressure is greater than the critical pressure for opening the middle hole top cover, the middle hole top cover is;

s3, designing third-stage water-gas separation: when the blowout intensity is big enough, when the injection impact force is used for punching the well lid, the well lid is opened at a smaller angle due to the action of the limiting soft rope, the area of the injection mixture channel is greatly increased, and a large amount of gas overflows on the basis of the water-gas separation of the second stage, so that the blowout intensity is reduced.

In a further embodiment, the opening and closing of the manhole cover comprises the following steps: when the well lid is opened, the well lid handle is lifted until the well lid is separated from the ground, the limiting soft rope hook is removed, the well lid is continuously lifted until the well lid is vertical to the ground, and in the process, the well lid support hinge slides from one end of the rib plate track to the other end under the action of self weight of the well lid, is clamped in the support and is fixed; when the well lid is closed, the well lid is lifted, and the well lid support hinge slides along with the rib plate rail, which is opposite to the opening process.

Has the advantages that:

1. the well lid structure can inhibit the necessary conditions for forming the vertical well blowout to a great extent, avoids the well blowout phenomenon to the greatest extent, and after the well blowout can not be avoided, the driving pressure extreme value of the vertical well blowout is formed through multistage water-gas separation and pressure release of a large channel in a flattening manner, so that the well blowout strength is weakened or the well blowout is inhibited: particularly, the well lid structure is provided with the multi-level channels to communicate the underground pipeline with the ground atmosphere, the non-constant air pressure in the vertical shaft and the underground pipeline is balanced, on one hand, the air pressure in the pipeline is balanced in advance, the driving pressure difference extreme value of a blowout phenomenon is formed in a flattening mode, the possibility of blowout formation is reduced, on the other hand, after the blowout is formed, the water-air mixture is separated in a grading mode in the largest capacity, meanwhile, the well lid is prevented from flying up or being opened completely, and safety is guaranteed; the well lid of the vertical well of the existing urban sewer pipe is directly sealed by a solid well lid, most of the well lids are independent bodies (unfixed), the air pressure in the vertical well and the underground pipeline is unstable, the fluctuation is large, the possibility of well blowout is large, and the well lid flying damage is easy to occur when the well blowout strength is large.

2. The well lid structure provided by the invention is provided with multi-stage water-gas separation measures, so that the well lid structure can automatically cope with well blowout phenomena with different strengths in a grading manner, once the well blowout phenomena are formed, gas in a water-gas mixture is efficiently separated, a separator is released by multiple channels, the impact pressure of a water jet column on the well lid is relieved and flattened, the formed well blowout strength can be effectively inhibited and weakened, meanwhile, the non-constant air pressure and the atmospheric pressure difference in an underground pipeline are reduced, and the deterioration circulation of unfavorable flow states is inhibited.

3. The well lid structure is based on a lever balance principle, the dead weight of the well lid is reasonably designed, the starting condition of the third-stage water-gas separation facility is artificially set, and the injection mixture is released by a large channel when high-strength blowout occurs, so that the damage is avoided to the greatest extent, and the well lid structure can be customized for the blowout phenomenon under different scenes.

4. The S-shaped rib plate rail provided by the well lid structure can temporarily fix the well lid when the well lid is completely opened, and the well lid is loosened and automatically released to close the well lid after being lifted and pulled, so that normal maintenance operation is facilitated.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the installation of a manhole cover structure for reducing and avoiding vertical shaft blowout.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the installation of the manhole cover structure for reducing and avoiding the blowout of the vertical shaft.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a schematic diagram of a well cover structure and a method of installation according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a top view of a schematic diagram of a well cover structure and installation method according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the structure and operation of the well cover according to one embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the well cover according to the second embodiment.

The figures are numbered: ground 1, underground pipeline 2, shaft 3, well lid 4, hold back gasbag 5, well lid cavity 6, well lid base 7, well lid support 8, well lid hinge 9, well lid floor 10, floor track 11, air vent 12, mesopore 13, well lid handle 14, spacing soft rope 15, soft rope support 16, cushion 17, well lid base 18, drive division 19, driven division 20, turn over board 21, axis of rotation 22, reinforcing plate 23, first connecting rod 24, second connecting rod 25, third connecting rod 26.

Detailed Description

The water level and flow change in the underground pipeline system can form a large number of intercepting air bags in the pipeline, the intercepting air bags are easy to erupt through a vertical shaft when moving through the vertical shaft, huge pressure fluctuation and pressure difference are formed in water flow of a bottom plate of the vertical shaft, mixed water flow is sprayed out of the vertical shaft under the action of the pressure difference to form a blowout phenomenon, and therefore pressure difference driving is one of necessary conditions for blowout. If a conventional well lid is installed, the phenomenon that the well lid flies by jacking often occurs, and the consequences are not imaginable.

Therefore, the well lid structure for reducing and avoiding the well blowout of the drainage vertical shaft is designed, the well blowout phenomenon of the drainage vertical shaft of the urban sewer pipe in the strong rainfall period can be reduced and avoided, the method is simple to install and easy to construct, does not influence the overhaul and maintenance of the vertical shaft, can be used for transferring the application of other drainage vertical shafts, and is wider in application range.