阅读说明：本技术 一种纵弯复合振动模式的超声椭圆振动切削装置 (Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device with longitudinal and bending compound vibration mode ) 是由 董志刚 康仁科 殷森 潘延安 郭东明 于 2021-04-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种纵弯复合振动模式的超声椭圆振动切削装置。由两个纵向振动超声振子组合而成,包括预紧螺栓、纵向振动后盖板、圆环形压电陶瓷、电极片、纵向振动前盖板及刀具等。第一纵向振动超声振子布置在第二纵向超声振子的径向方向,用于激励装置的弯曲超声振动,与第二纵向超声振子所激发的纵向超声振动一并使装置呈现出超声纵弯复合振动模式,从而在安装在装置末端的刀具上输出椭圆振动轨迹。本发明在硬脆难加工材料的高完整性加工中效果显著,能够有效减小切削力及切削热,提高工件的形状精度,显著降低刀具磨损,实现脆性材料的塑性去除。(The invention provides an ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device with a longitudinal and bending compound vibration mode. The ultrasonic vibrator is formed by combining two longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrators, and comprises a pre-tightening bolt, a longitudinal vibration rear cover plate, annular piezoelectric ceramics, an electrode plate, a longitudinal vibration front cover plate, a cutter and the like. The first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in the radial direction of the second longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator and is used for exciting bending ultrasonic vibration of the device, and the bending ultrasonic vibration and the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration excited by the second longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator enable the device to present an ultrasonic longitudinal bending composite vibration mode, so that an elliptic vibration track is output on a cutter arranged at the tail end of the device. The invention has obvious effect in the high integrity processing of hard and brittle materials which are difficult to process, can effectively reduce cutting force and cutting heat, improve the shape precision of workpieces, obviously reduce the abrasion of cutters and realize the plastic removal of brittle materials.)

1. The utility model provides a turning complex vibration mode's oval vibration cutting device of supersound which characterized in that, form by two longitudinal vibration supersound vibrators combination, first vibration supersound vibrator includes first pretension bolt, longitudinal vibration back shroud, first vibration source, longitudinal vibration front shroud, the second vibration supersound vibrator includes second pretension bolt, bending vibration back shroud, second vibration source, bending vibration front shroud and cutter, second pretension bolt is in proper order with bending vibration back shroud, second vibration source fastening on bending vibration front shroud, first pretension bolt is in proper order with longitudinal vibration back shroud, first vibration source, longitudinal vibration front shroud fastening on bending vibration back shroud, the cutter is connected on bending vibration front shroud.

2. The buckling composite ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first vibration source includes a ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic and an electrode piece, and the piezoelectric ceramic is at a peak of longitudinal vibration.

3. The ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device of a buckling composite vibration mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is disposed in a radial direction of the second longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator, and is attached at a peak of the bending vibration of the second longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator with a first pre-tightening bolt for exciting the bending ultrasonic vibration of the device.

4. The ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device of a buckling composite vibration mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the second vibration source includes a ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic and an electrode piece, the total length of the second vibrating ultrasonic vibrator is equal to two wavelengths of the longitudinal vibration and four wavelengths of the bending vibration at the same frequency, and the piezoelectric ceramic is at a peak of the longitudinal vibration for exciting the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration of the device.

5. The ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device of the buckling composite vibration mode according to claim 1, characterized in that both the two longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrators are made of circular ring piezoelectric ceramics of type PZT-4, utilizing d33 working mode of higher working efficiency of the piezoelectric ceramics.

6. The ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting machine of a buckling composite vibration mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the bending vibration excited by the first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator and the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration excited by the second longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator, which are excited by two ultrasonic electric signals having a certain phase difference, bring the machine into an ultrasonic buckling composite vibration mode, thereby outputting an elliptical vibration trajectory on a cutter attached to the tip of the machine.

7. The apparatus for cutting elliptic vibration of compound ultrasound of buckling with vibration mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic power supply is used to adjust the excitation voltage and phase difference of two-phase excitation, respectively, to thereby realize the adjustment of the elliptic vibration trajectory outputted from the apparatus.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic vibration machining, in particular to an ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device with a longitudinal and bending compound vibration mode.

Background

Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting is a cutting method in which a two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration is applied to a tool to make the tool exhibit an "elliptical motion trajectory", and has been proposed by the japanese scholars, engi and senbang. Compared with one-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting, the cutting process has the characteristics of friction force reversal, variable angle cutting and more thorough complete separation of cutter and tool, so that the cutting method has the advantages of prolonging the service life of the cutter, improving the surface finish and shape precision, improving the cutting stability, inhibiting burrs and regenerative chatter vibration and the like, and has wide application in ultraprecise cutting of difficult-to-machine materials.

In order to realize the complete separation type cutting in the ultrasonic elliptic vibration cutting, the advantages of the ultrasonic elliptic vibration cutting technology are exerted to the maximum extent, the vibration speed of the cutter is larger than the relative cutting speed, and the vibration speed of the cutter is in direct proportion to the vibration frequency of the cutter and the amplitude of the cutting speed direction.

The existing ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device is mostly formed by coupling two vibration modes of longitudinal vibration, torsional vibration, bending vibration and radial vibration, the bending vibration is mostly excited by semicircular annular piezoelectric, the manufacturing process and the assembly precision are not high, the electro-acoustic conversion rate of piezoelectric ceramics is low, the device is seriously heated, and the application of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting technology is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to obtain a high-integrity surface of a hard and brittle material workpiece, the invention provides the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device with the longitudinal and bending composite vibration mode, which can output elliptical tracks of different shapes and has higher output power. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:

an ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device with a longitudinal bending compound vibration mode is formed by combining two longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrators, and comprises a pre-tightening bolt, a longitudinal vibration rear cover plate, annular piezoelectric ceramics, an electrode plate, a longitudinal vibration front cover plate, a cutter and the like. The first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in the radial direction of the second longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator and is used for exciting bending ultrasonic vibration of the device, and the bending ultrasonic vibration and the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration excited by the second longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator enable the device to present an ultrasonic longitudinal bending composite vibration mode, so that an elliptic vibration track is output on a cutter arranged at the tail end of the device.

Furthermore, the first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator consists of a pre-tightening bolt, a longitudinal vibration rear cover plate, annular piezoelectric ceramics, an electrode plate and a front cover plate, wherein the longitudinal vibration rear cover plate, the annular piezoelectric ceramics, the electrode plate and the front cover plate are sleeved on the pre-tightening bolt, and the piezoelectric ceramics are positioned at the wave crest of longitudinal vibration.

Further, the first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in a radial direction of the second longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator, and is connected at a peak of the bending vibration of the second longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator with a pre-tightening bolt for exciting the bending ultrasonic vibration of the apparatus.

Furthermore, the second longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator consists of a pre-tightening bolt, a bending vibration rear cover plate sleeved on the pre-tightening bolt, annular piezoelectric ceramics, an electrode plate, a bending vibration front cover plate with a flange, a set screw and a cutter, the total length of the second longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is equal to two wavelengths of longitudinal vibration and four wavelengths of bending vibration under the same frequency, and the piezoelectric ceramics are located at the wave crest of the longitudinal vibration and used for exciting the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration of the device.

Furthermore, the two longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrators are both made of annular piezoelectric ceramics with the model of PZT-4, and the d33 working mode with higher working efficiency of the piezoelectric ceramics is utilized.

Further, through the excitation of two ultrasonic electric signals with a certain phase difference, the bending vibration excited by the first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator and the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration excited by the second longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator enable the device to be in an ultrasonic longitudinal-bending composite vibration mode, and therefore an elliptical vibration track is output on a cutter arranged at the tail end of the device.

Furthermore, an ultrasonic power supply is utilized to respectively adjust the excitation voltage and the phase difference of the two-phase excitation, so that the adjustment of the elliptical vibration track output by the device is realized.

The invention has the following advantages:

the device utilizes an elliptical vibration track formed by first-order longitudinal vibration and fourth-order bending vibration based on the working mode of ultrasonic longitudinal-bending composite vibration, and can adjust the output elliptical track by utilizing an ultrasonic power supply according to different cutting occasions; the device adopts a mode of exciting bending vibration by the longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator, thereby effectively improving the electro-acoustic conversion rate of the piezoelectric ceramic and reducing the heating rate of the device; the device utilizes the d33 working mode of the piezoelectric ceramics, can effectively improve the output amplitude and frequency of the device, thereby improving the efficiency of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting processing, and exerting the advantages of remarkably reducing the abrasion of a cutter, inhibiting the processing vibration, reducing pits and microcracks on the processing surface and reducing the roughness of the surface of a workpiece to the utmost extent.

Based on the reasons, the ultrasonic vibration processing method can be widely popularized in the technical field of ultrasonic vibration processing.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a main structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a body structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is a first pre-tightening bolt, 2 is a longitudinal vibration rear cover plate, 3A is a first circular ring piezoelectric ceramic, 4A is a first electrode plate, 3B is a second circular ring piezoelectric ceramic, 4B is a second electrode plate, 5 is a longitudinal vibration front cover plate, 6 is a second pre-tightening bolt, 7 is a bending vibration rear cover plate, 8A is a third circular ring piezoelectric ceramic, 9A is a third electrode plate, 8B is a fourth circular ring piezoelectric ceramic, 9B is a fourth electrode plate, 10 is a bending vibration front cover plate, 11 is a flange, 12 is a diamond cutter, and 13 is a set screw.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting apparatus of the present invention has a longitudinal bending compound vibration mode and is formed by combining two longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrators.

As shown in fig. 1, the first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is formed by fastening a longitudinal vibration rear cover plate 2, a first annular piezoelectric ceramic 3A, a second annular piezoelectric ceramic 3B, a first electrode plate 4A, a second electrode plate 4B and a longitudinal vibration front cover plate 5 by a first pre-tightening bolt 1 in sequence along the axial direction, the total length of the first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is equal to one wavelength of longitudinal vibration, and the piezoelectric ceramic is located at a peak of the longitudinal vibration and used for exciting bending ultrasonic vibration of the device. In this embodiment, a pre-tightening force of 90N is applied to perform the heat-insulating aging treatment.

As shown in fig. 2, the second longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is formed by fastening a bending vibration rear cover plate 7, a third annular piezoelectric ceramic 8A, a fourth annular piezoelectric ceramic 8B, a third electrode plate 9A, a fourth electrode plate 9B, and a bending vibration front cover plate 10 with a flange 11 in order along the axial direction by a second pre-tightening bolt 6, and the total length of the second longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is equal to two wavelengths of longitudinal vibration and four wavelengths of bending vibration under the same frequency, the piezoelectric ceramic is located at a peak of the longitudinal vibration and is used for exciting the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration of the device, and the flange 11 is located at a superposed node of the longitudinal vibration and the bending vibration. The first pre-tightening bolt fastens the first vibrating ultrasonic vibrator to the bending vibration rear cover plate 7.

As shown in fig. 2, before assembly, a first pre-tightening bolt 1 in the first longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator, a longitudinal vibration rear cover plate 2, annular piezoelectric ceramics 3A and 3B, electrode pieces 4A and 4B, and a front cover plate 5, and a second pre-tightening bolt 6 in the second longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator cleans a bending vibration rear cover plate 7, annular piezoelectric ceramics 8A and 8B, electrode pieces 9A and 9B, a bending vibration front cover plate 10 with a flange 11, and the like with absolute ethyl alcohol.

As shown in fig. 2, before assembly, the parts of the first pre-tightening bolt 1, which are in contact with the longitudinal vibration rear cover plate 2, the annular piezoelectric ceramics 3A and 3B and the electrode plates 4A and 4B, should be wound with an insulating tape; similarly, the insulating tape should be wound around the portions of the second pre-tightening bolt 6 in contact with the bending vibration back cover plate 7, the circular ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramics 8A and 8B, and the electrode pieces 9A and 9B. Epoxy resin glue should be smeared between each ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic and the electrode slice.

As shown in fig. 2, a cutter 12 is fixed to the front end of the front cover plate 10 by a set screw 13.

As shown in FIG. 2, the two longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrators are both made of annular piezoelectric ceramics with the type of PZT-4, and the d33 working mode with higher working efficiency of the piezoelectric ceramics is utilized.

Two ultrasonic electric signals with a certain phase difference are respectively input by an ultrasonic power supply to excite two longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrators, so that the device presents a longitudinal bending composite vibration mode, and an elliptical vibration track is output on a cutter 12 arranged at the tail end of the device. The excitation voltage and the phase difference of the two-phase excitation are respectively adjusted, so that the adjustment of the elliptical vibration track output by the cutter 12 is realized.

The front cover plate 10 of the second longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrator is a stepped longitudinal bending composite amplitude transformer, so that the amplification of the ultrasonic vibration generated by the two longitudinal vibration ultrasonic vibrators can be realized, the output amplitude of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device is improved, and the processing efficiency of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting can be effectively improved.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.