Radiation line array and design method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 辐射线阵及其设计方法 (Radiation line array and design method thereof ) 是由 罗小平 袁海平 曾峰 于 2020-06-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明实施例提供一种辐射线阵及其设计方法,所述辐射线阵设置于介质基板的正面且与功率分配器的输出端对应连接而由功率分配器馈电,辐射线阵包括位于中部且与所述功率分配器的输出端相连的外接端以及多个呈线性排列且对称地设置于所述外接端两侧的阵元,各阵元的形状和尺寸均相同,每个阵元靠外接端的一侧还连接有阻抗变换段,每个阵元的远离外接端的一侧通过馈线连接至远离外接端一侧相邻接的阵元所连接的阻抗变换段上,邻接所述外接端的阵元所连接的阻抗变换段连接至所述外接端,各个阻抗变换段的面积自辐射线阵的中部对称地向两端逐级递增。本实施例保证阵元的有效辐射面积,同时减小辐射线阵的占用面积,利于产品的小型化。(The embodiment of the invention provides a radiation linear array and a design method thereof, wherein the radiation linear array is arranged on the front surface of a medium substrate and correspondingly connected with the output end of a power distributor and fed by the power distributor, the radiation linear array comprises an external connection end which is positioned in the middle and connected with the output end of the power distributor and a plurality of array elements which are linearly arranged and symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the external connection end, the shapes and the sizes of the array elements are the same, one side of each array element close to the external connection end is also connected with an impedance transformation section, one side of each array element far away from the external connection end is connected to the impedance transformation section connected with the adjacent array element far away from the external connection end through a feeder, the impedance transformation section connected with the array element adjacent to the external connection end is connected to the external connection end, and the area of each impedance transformation section is symmetrically increased from the middle part. The effective radiation area of array element is guaranteed to this embodiment, reduces the area occupied of radiation linear array simultaneously, does benefit to the miniaturization of product.)
1. A radiation linear array is arranged on the front surface of a medium substrate and correspondingly connected with the output end of a power distributor and fed by the power distributor, and is characterized in that the radiation linear array comprises an external end which is positioned in the middle and connected with the output end of the power distributor and a plurality of array elements which are linearly arranged and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the external end, the shapes and the sizes of the array elements are the same, one side of each array element close to the external end is also connected with an impedance transformation section, one side of each array element far away from the external end is connected to the impedance transformation section connected with the adjacent array element far away from one side of the external end through a feeder line, the impedance transformation section connected with the array element adjacent to the external end is connected to the external end, and the area of each impedance transformation section is symmetrically gradually increased from the middle part of the radiation linear array to two ends.
2. The radiating linear array of claim 1 wherein the area of each impedance transformation segment increases in a symmetrical manner from the middle to the distal ends of the radiating linear array in a chebyshev or taylor distribution.
3. The radiating linear array of claim 1 or 2, wherein each impedance transformation segment is a quarter wavelength long.
4. The radiating line array defined in claim 1 wherein each of said feedlines is of equal length.
5. The radiating linear array of claim 1, wherein an even number of the array elements are provided, a balun is provided in the middle of the radiating linear array as the external connection terminal, the tip terminals of the impedance transformation sections connected to the array elements adjacent to the external connection terminal are respectively connected to two output terminals of the balun, and the input terminals of the balun are connected to the output terminals of the power divider.
6. A method for designing a radiating linear array according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
establishing an array element model according to a preset parameter index of a radiation linear array to be designed;
carrying out simulation optimization on the array element model to determine a first size of the array elements, and linearly arranging the array elements;
connecting a feeder line to one side of an array element in an array element model to preliminarily establish a microstrip line equivalent model, and adding an impedance transformation section between the feeder line and the array element of the array element model to establish a linear array antenna transmission line equivalent model;
determining the number of array elements contained in a radiation linear array to be designed, an antenna beam forming method and a micro-strip series feed antenna control current excitation method;
calculating to obtain the current assignment distribution of each array element;
calculating and obtaining a second size of each array element and each impedance transformation section by means of an electromagnetic fax tool;
respectively establishing a radiation linear array model by combining the first size and the second size, carrying out simulation operation, and optimizing and correcting the first size and the second size according to the result of the simulation operation to obtain a third size of the array element and the impedance conversion section; and
and when the working characteristic parameters of the radiation linear array obtained by simulation operation meet the preset parameter index, taking the obtained third size as the final sizing size.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the antenna beamforming method is Chebyshev method or Taylor synthesis method.
8. The method for designing the radiating line array of claim 6, wherein the method for controlling current excitation of the microstrip series fed antenna is a quarter-wavelength impedance transformation method.
9. The method for designing radiating line arrays as claimed in claim 6, wherein the establishing of the array element model specifically means determining the shape and the preliminary size of each array element included in the radiating line array to be designed.
10. The method of claim 6 wherein the operating characteristic parameters include at least operating frequency, side lobe level, gain, standing wave ratio, and lobe width.
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of microstrip array antennas, in particular to a radiation linear array and a design method thereof.
Background
Microstrip array antennas typically include a radiating line array, each of which includes a plurality of array elements and a feed line connecting the array elements, and a power divider feeding each radiating line array.
The existing radiation linear array is used for realizing effective current weighting assignment of each array element, thereby controlling the side lobe level of the microstrip array antenna, in particular inhibiting the first side lobe level. The first scheme is that a plurality of array elements with the same shape and size are arranged on the same side of a feeder line and are connected with the feeder line, and current weighting assignment is realized by adjusting the size of a matching node at the connection position of each array element and the feeder line, but the scheme increases the size of a radiation linear array and is not beneficial to miniaturization of products; the second is that a plurality of array elements are directly connected in series through a feeder line, and then the current weighting assignment is realized by adjusting the size of each array element, however, the effective radiation area of the array elements is reduced by the scheme, and the gain of the whole antenna is also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide a radiation linear array which is small in size and can effectively improve the effective radiation area.
The technical problem to be further solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a radiating linear array, which can effectively improve the design efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a radiation linear array is arranged on the front face of a medium substrate and correspondingly connected with the output end of a power distributor and fed by the power distributor, the radiation linear array comprises an external connection end which is positioned in the middle and connected with the output end of the power distributor and a plurality of array elements which are linearly arranged and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the external connection end, the shapes and the sizes of the array elements are the same, one side, close to the external connection end, of each array element is also connected with an impedance transformation section, one side, far away from the external connection end, of each array element is connected to the impedance transformation section connected with the adjacent array element on one side, far away from the external connection end, through a feeder line, the impedance transformation section connected with the array element adjacent to the external connection end is connected to the external connection end, and the area of each impedance transformation section is symmetrically increased gradually from.
Furthermore, the area of each impedance transformation section is symmetrically increased gradually from the middle part of the radiation linear array to the two end ends step by step according to a Chebyshev or Taylor distribution mode.
Further, the length of each impedance transformation section is a quarter wavelength.
Further, the lengths of the feeder lines are all equal.
Furthermore, the number of the array elements is even, a balun is arranged in the middle of the radiation linear array and serves as the external connection end, the tail ends of the impedance transformation sections connected with the array elements adjacent to the external connection end are respectively connected to two output ends of the balun, and the input end of the balun is connected to the output end of the power divider.
On the other hand, to solve the above further technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a radiating line array based on any one of the above methods, including the following steps:
establishing an array element model according to a preset parameter index of a radiation linear array to be designed;
carrying out simulation optimization on the array element model to determine a first size of the array elements, and linearly arranging the array elements;
connecting a feeder line to one side of an array element in an array element model to preliminarily establish a microstrip line equivalent model, and adding an impedance transformation section between the feeder line and the array element of the array element model to establish a linear array antenna transmission line equivalent model;
determining the number of array elements contained in a radiation linear array to be designed, an antenna beam forming method and a micro-strip series feed antenna control current excitation method;
calculating to obtain the current assignment distribution of each array element;
calculating and obtaining a second size of each array element and each impedance transformation section by means of an electromagnetic fax tool;
respectively establishing a radiation linear array model by combining the first size and the second size, carrying out simulation operation, and optimizing and correcting the first size and the second size according to the result of the simulation operation to obtain a third size of the array element and the impedance conversion section; and
and when the working characteristic parameters of the radiation linear array obtained by the simulation operation meet the preset parameter index, taking the obtained third size as the final sizing size.
Further, the antenna beamforming method is a chebyshev method or a taylor synthesis method.
Furthermore, the current excitation method for controlling the microstrip series feed antenna is a quarter-wavelength impedance transformation method.
Further, the establishing of the array element model specifically refers to determining the shape and the preliminary size of each array element included in the to-be-designed radiation linear array.
Further, the operating characteristic parameters include at least an operating frequency, a side lobe level, a gain, a standing wave ratio, and a lobe width.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: in the embodiment of the invention, one side of each array element close to the external connection end is also connected with an impedance transformation section, one side of each array element far away from the external connection end is connected to the impedance transformation section connected with the adjacent array element far away from the external connection end through a feeder line, the area of each impedance transformation section is symmetrically increased from the middle part of the radiation linear array to the two ends step by step, the impedance is adjusted by changing the area of each impedance transformation section, the current assignment weighting of each array element is realized, the shape and the size of the array elements are the same, and the effective radiation area of the array elements is ensured; and the array elements are linearly arranged and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the external connection end, so that the occupied area of the radiation linear array is reduced, and the miniaturization of a product is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternative embodiment of a radiating line array according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a radiation pattern at a frequency of 24.125GHz for an alternative embodiment of the radiating linear arrays of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of an alternative embodiment of the method for designing a radiating line array according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It is to be understood that the following illustrative embodiments and description are only intended to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and features of the embodiments and examples of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, an alternative embodiment of the present invention provides a radiating linear array 1, which is disposed on the front surface of a
In the embodiment of the invention, one side of each array element 12 close to the external connection end 10 is also connected with an impedance transformation section 14, one side of each array element 12 far away from the external connection end 10 is connected to the impedance transformation section 14 connected with the adjacent array element 12 far away from the external connection end 10 through a feeder 16, the area of each impedance transformation section 14 is gradually increased from the middle of the radiation linear array 1 to two ends symmetrically, the impedance is adjusted by changing the area of each impedance transformation section 14, the current assignment of each array element 12 is realized, the shape and the size of the array elements 12 are the same, and the effective radiation area of the array elements 12 is ensured; the array elements 12 are linearly arranged and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the outer connection end 10, so that the occupied area of the radiation linear array 1 is reduced, and the miniaturization of products is facilitated.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the area of each impedance transformation section 14 is increased from the middle of the radiating linear array 1 to the two distal ends symmetrically in a chebyshev or taylor distribution manner. In the embodiment, the areas of the impedance transformation sections 14 are symmetrically increased from the middle of the radiation linear array 1 to the two end ends step by step in a chebyshev or taylor distribution mode, so that the lower sidelobe level of the radiation linear array 1 can be effectively realized, and the antenna directional diagram with the ultralow sidelobe level is obtained.
In yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention, each impedance transformation segment 14 is a quarter wavelength in length. In the embodiment of the invention, the lengths of the impedance transformation sections 14 are all quarter wavelengths, and the current assignment weighting of the array elements 12 is realized only by adjusting the widths of the impedance transformation sections 14, so that the structure is simpler, and the design is more convenient.
In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the lengths of the feed lines 16 are all equal. In this embodiment, the lengths of the feeders 16 are set to be equal, the structure of the whole radiating linear array 1 is simple, and the feeders 16 having the same length and narrow width are only needed to feed the array elements 10.
In yet another optional embodiment of the present invention, an even number of the array elements 12 are provided, a balun is provided in the middle of the radiation linear array 1 as the external connection terminal 10, the tip ends of the impedance transformation sections 14 connected to the array elements 12 adjacent to the external connection terminal 10 are respectively connected to two output ends of the balun 10, and the input end of the balun 10 is connected to the output end of the power divider 5. In the embodiment of the invention, an even number of array elements 12 are adopted, so that the tail ends of two impedance transformation sections 14 positioned in the middle of the radiation linear array 1 are connected through the balun 10, the phase difference of 180 degrees is realized, the phase is balanced, and the input end of the balun 10 is connected to the output end of the power distributor 5, so that the radiation linear array 1 is effectively fed. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the radiation line array 1 includes eight array elements 12 in total, and a radiation pattern obtained after simulation of the radiation line array 1 is shown in fig. 2.
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a radiating line array, including the following steps:
s1: establishing an array element model according to a preset parameter index of a radiation linear array to be designed;
s2: carrying out simulation optimization on the array element model to determine a first size of the array elements 12, and linearly arranging the array elements 12;
s3: connecting a feeder 16 to one side of an array element 12 in an array element model to initially establish a microstrip line equivalent model, and adding an impedance transformation section 14 between the feeder 16 of the array element model and the array element 12 to establish a linear array antenna transmission line equivalent model;
s4: determining the number of array elements 12 contained in a radiation linear array to be designed, an antenna beam forming method and a micro-strip series-fed antenna control current excitation method;
s5: calculating to obtain the current assignment distribution of each array element 12;
s6: obtaining a second size of each array element 12 and the impedance transformation section 14 by calculation through an electromagnetic fax tool;
s7: respectively establishing a radiation linear array model by combining the first size and the second size, carrying out simulation operation, and optimizing and correcting the first size and the second size according to the result of the simulation operation to obtain a third size of the array element 12 and the impedance conversion section 14; and
s8: and when the working characteristic parameters of the radiation linear array obtained by simulation operation meet the preset parameter index, taking the obtained third size as the final sizing size.
The embodiment of the invention establishes an array element model according to the preset parameter index of the radiation linear array to be designed through the method, determines the first size of the array element 12 through simulation optimization of the array element model, adds a feeder 16 on one side of the array element 12 of the array element model to initially establish a microstrip line equivalent model, adds an impedance transformation section 14 between the feeder 16 and the array element 12 of the array element model to determine a linear array antenna transmission line equivalent model, gradually establishes a basic model of the radiation linear array 1, determines the number of the array elements 12 contained in the radiation linear array 1 to be designed, an antenna beam shaping method and a microstrip series antenna control current excitation method, calculates and obtains the current assignment distribution of each array element 12, calculates and obtains the second size of each array element 12 and the impedance transformation section 14 by means of an electromagnetic fax tool, and respectively establishes the radiation linear array model by combining the first size and the second size, and performing simulation operation, optimizing the first size and the second size, obtaining a third size of the array element 12 and the impedance transformation section 14, and finally taking the obtained third size as a final sizing size when working characteristic parameters of the radiation linear array obtained by the simulation operation meet a preset parameter index. In addition, it is understood that the implementation of the above method is performed in simulation software (e.g., MATLAB).
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the antenna beamforming method is chebyshev method or taylor synthesis method. In this embodiment, a chebyshev method or a taylor synthesis method is adopted as an antenna beam forming method, which can effectively realize a lower sidelobe level of the radiation linear array 1, thereby obtaining an antenna directional pattern with an ultra-low sidelobe level.
In yet another optional embodiment of the present invention, the current excitation method for the microstrip series antenna is a quarter-wavelength impedance transformation method. In the embodiment of the invention, a quarter-wavelength impedance transformation method is adopted as a method for controlling current excitation of the microstrip series-fed antenna, the length of each impedance change section 14 is a quarter wavelength, and current assignment weighting of each array element 12 is realized only by adjusting the width of the impedance change section 14, so that the structure is simpler, and the design is more convenient.
In another optional embodiment of the present invention, the establishing of the array element model specifically refers to determining the shape and the preliminary size of each array element 12 included in the to-be-designed radiation line array. In the embodiment, the shape and the initial size of each array element 12 are determined primarily, so that the design thought is more clear, and the design efficiency can be effectively improved.
In yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the operating characteristic parameters include at least operating frequency, sidelobe level, gain, standing wave ratio, and lobe width. In the embodiment, when the radiation linear array 1 is specifically designed, the above working characteristic parameters are considered, the design purpose is stronger, the design efficiency is higher, and the preset working requirement can be met after the design is finished.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.