阅读说明：本技术 一种提高苗木移植存活率的生态养护方法 (Ecological maintenance method for improving seedling transplanting survival rate ) 是由 黄杰 杨国明 林思慧 张金平 林秋芬 林莉莉 于 2020-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种提高苗木移植存活率的生态养护方法,包括如下步骤：(1)断根后裁枝减叶；(2)透明薄膜包裹苗木枝干；(3)杀害药剂和定量水浇灌；(4)定期湿度判定和检测,调整浇灌补水的频率；(5)白色愈伤组织分裂情况观察、判断和治疗处理；(6)对苗木新芽生产情况观察,限时拆除透明薄膜。本发明通过透明薄膜的封闭效果,可将水汽和农药较好的密封在有限的空间内供给苗木,减少水分蒸发,确保苗木保湿,进而可减少人工因素、简化养护程序、节省成本投入、缩短判断苗木存活的时间、及时或尽早治疗处理,提高苗木存活率、存活率由原来的90％提高至95％。(The invention provides an ecological maintenance method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation, which comprises the following steps: (1) cutting off the roots and then cutting branches and reducing leaves; (2) the transparent film wraps the seedling branches; (3) irrigating with pesticide and quantitative water; (4) judging and detecting the humidity regularly, and adjusting the frequency of irrigation water supplement; (5) observing, judging and treating the division condition of the white callus; (6) and observing the production condition of the seedling sprout, and removing the transparent film within a limited time. According to the invention, through the sealing effect of the transparent film, water vapor and pesticide can be better sealed in a limited space to be supplied to the nursery stock, so that water evaporation is reduced, the moisture of the nursery stock is ensured, further, the labor factor can be reduced, the maintenance procedure is simplified, the cost investment is saved, the survival time of the nursery stock is shortened, the treatment is timely or early, the survival rate of the nursery stock is improved, and the survival rate is improved to 95% from the original 90%.)

1. An ecological maintenance method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation is characterized in that: the maintenance method comprises the following steps:

(1) pruning, cutting and thinning the branches and leaves after the roots of the seedlings are cut;

(2) the seedling branches are hermetically wrapped by transparent films;

(3) sequentially irrigating and injecting the pesticide with the quantitative concentration and the quantitative water at the branch part coated by the transparent film;

(4) sprinkling irrigation water supplement is carried out every day according to a conventional irrigation mode, and the frequency of irrigation water supplement is adjusted through periodic humidity judgment and detection;

(5) during maintenance, the splitting condition of the white callus of the surface of the branch coated by the transparent film is observed and judged, and the nursery stock which does not grow the white callus is treated in time;

(6) and observing the production condition of the seedling sprout during the maintenance period, and dismantling the transparent film within a limited time.

2. The ecological conservation method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the basic principle of the pruning, cutting and thinning treatment of the branches and leaves after the roots of the nursery stock are cut off is to prune at least more than 98% of the leaves of the whole crown and reserve the rest branches and leaves.

3. The ecological conservation method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the nursery stock branches are hermetically wrapped by transparent films, namely the nursery stock branches and the thick branch parts are hermetically wrapped by the transparent films, and the transparent films are wrapped in three layers in a spiral upward overlapping winding mode: the winding gap of the primary transparent film is 1/2-1 times of the width of the transparent film; the secondary transparent film is wound at the gap of the primary transparent film; the third transparent film is wound and covered above the connecting gap of the first transparent film and the second transparent film; the tree trunk head and the tail coated by the transparent film and the joint of the tree trunk and the tree branches are all tightly bound and sealed through transparent adhesive tape, so that the sealed package is ensured.

4. The ecological conservation method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the pesticide with the quantitative concentration comprises a pesticide for killing the trunk borers and a bactericide for killing trunk epidermal bacteria.

5. The ecological conservation method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation according to claim 4, which comprises the following steps: the insecticide is prepared by mixing Japanese premna herb and water in a proportion of 1: watering after 1000 dilution preparation; the sterilization agent adopts tolbutate methyl and mancozeb 1: 1 mixture, and the mixture is mixed with water in a ratio of 1: and irrigating after 500 dilution preparation, wherein the amount of the thiophanate methyl and the mancozeb required by each seedling is 10-20 g.

6. The ecological conservation method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the quantitative water is supplemented to perform quantitative water irrigation after the pesticide with the quantitative concentration is added until water drops are adhered to the inner surface of the transparent film visible to naked eyes, no water is accumulated in the transparent film, and no water is soaked, and the transparent film is wound and sealed for three times after the pesticide with the quantitative concentration and the quantitative water are irrigated.

7. The ecological conservation method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the regular humidity judgment and detection are carried out according to different conditions of seasons, sunshine and rainwater, the content of water drops on the surface of the transparent film is observed in an observation period of every 3-7 days, and the irrigation frequency and the irrigation quantity can be reduced according to the distribution condition of the water drops on the surface of the transparent film.

8. The ecological conservation method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the white callus division condition of the surface of the branch coated by the transparent film is judged by observing whether the surface of the branch coated by the transparent film grows white callus within 20-30 days of nursery stock maintenance, and if no or no obvious white callus exists, a nutrient solution bottle is required to be hung on the nursery stock in time.

9. The ecological conservation method for improving the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (6), the limited-time dismantling of the transparent film is to observe the growth condition of the terminal buds of the branches of the nursery stock within the period of 35-55 days of maintenance, and to dismantle the transparent film immediately when the buds grow; during the maintenance period of 2 months, the nursery stock has no new buds growing and white callus is split, damaged and discolored, the nursery stock is sun-proof treated to avoid direct sun exposure, the transparent film is removed, the original transparent film is coated with geotechnical cloth, the nursery stock is irrigated to the state that the outer geotechnical cloth is completely wet, and the nursery stock is irrigated periodically and is maintained by nutrient solution hanging bottles.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling transplantation, in particular to an ecological maintenance method for improving the survival rate of seedling transplantation.

Background

The existing seedling transplanting or transplanting is to uniformly plant the seedling planted in the seedling field on a construction site after the root of the seedling is cut, but because the seedling can not absorb nutrients from the outside through the root system until the seedling is transplanted to root after the root is cut from the seedling field, the survival rate of the seedling can be ensured only by carrying out maintenance treatment to ensure the root system to be developed. However, the planting field is not easy to be managed uniformly, so that the manual maintenance wastes time and labor and increases the cost, and the survival rate of the nursery stock is low. Therefore, the nursery stock can be transported to an intermediate maintenance nursery garden close to a construction site after the root of the nursery stock is cut off, and then transported to the construction site for planting after the nursery stock is uniformly maintained to root, so that the survival rate can be improved.

In order to ensure the survival and growth of the nursery stock in the nursery stock transplantation, the most important measures are to reduce the water evaporation and nutrient loss of the nursery stock and the prevention and control of insect damage, particularly the insect damage problem, and if the nursery stock is not properly and effectively treated, the nursery stock lethality rate is extremely high. The main harm of the insect pests is stem borer, which is a plant whose trunk is bored by larvae and many of which are weak in tree vigor or nearly dead, and is called as the heart-abdomen disease of the tree. Common garden borers include longicorn, bark beetle, gibbsiella, weevil, bark moth, penetrating moth, stem borer, branchia wasp, stem bee, etc.

Trunk borers have the following hazards: 1. concealing in a harmful way: except the naked life in the adult period, other insect states are hidden in phloem and xylem; the damage of pests is not easy to be found at the initial stage, and once obvious harmful symptoms appear, the control opportunity is lost. 2. Insect population stabilization: most of branch pests live in plant tissues, are slightly influenced by environmental conditions, have few natural enemies and have relatively stable population density. 3. Serious harm is: branches and trunks damage insects to the phloem, xylem and the like, nutrient and moisture are transferred by a transmission and conduction system to be affected, so that the tree vigor is weak or dead, and once the tree is damaged, the plants are difficult to recover vitality. The traditional treatment of the pests eating stem mainly comprises the following treatment modes: 1. agricultural prevention and control and insect source reduction: strict quarantine to prevent the propagation of worm eggs of trunk borers along with the nursery stock; the tree body is strengthened, and the self resistance of the tree is improved; 2. physical control, reduction of invasion: prevention and treatment are carried out by adopting the modes of trapping, catching, blocking, coating, wrapping, hooking and the like; 3. chemical control, control by various chemical products, rapidly eliminate insect pests: the chemical control has the highest effect and efficiency compared with agricultural control and physical control, can be controlled by various modes such as trunk pesticide spraying, moth-hole plugging, punching pesticide injection, poison stick fumigating, pesticide liquid drying, pesticide tray pesticide filling and the like, but the mode needs to invest more manual factors, searches for wormholes to control according to the experience of technical personnel, has poor control comprehensiveness, adopts spraying medicaments which are easy to disperse and lose in a space of a maintenance place to influence the pharmacodynamics, needs to be controlled for a plurality of times, has extremely poor control effect on worm eggs which are not easy to discover, and can not improve or obviously improve the survival rate of nursery stock transplantation, so that a section is designed to reduce the manual factors, simplify the maintenance procedure and save the cost investment aiming at the prior technical problems, but has the advantages of uniformly and effectively controlling the trunk nursery stock pests, the worm eggs, bacteria and the like, the invention aims to provide a maintenance method for improving the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ecological maintenance method for improving the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, which can promote maintenance, effectively ensure the moisture preservation of the seedlings, effectively treat and kill borers, ova and bacteria thereof, reduce artificial factors, simplify maintenance procedures, save cost investment, shorten the survival time of the seedlings, treat and treat the seedlings timely or as early as possible and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

An ecological maintenance method for improving the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, which comprises the following steps:

(1) pruning, cutting and thinning the branches and leaves after the roots of the seedlings are cut;

(2) the seedling branches are hermetically wrapped by transparent films;

(3) sequentially irrigating and injecting the pesticide with the quantitative concentration and the quantitative water at the branch part coated by the transparent film;

(4) sprinkling irrigation water supplement is carried out every day according to a conventional irrigation mode, and the frequency of irrigation water supplement is adjusted through periodic humidity judgment and detection;

(5) during maintenance, the splitting condition of the white callus of the surface of the branch coated by the transparent film is observed and judged, and the nursery stock which does not grow the white callus is treated in time;

(6) and observing the production condition of the seedling sprout during the maintenance period, and dismantling the transparent film within a limited time.

In the step (1), the basic principle of the pruning, cutting and thinning treatment of the branches and leaves after the roots of the nursery stock are cut off is to prune at least more than 98% of the leaves of the whole crown and reserve the rest branches and leaves.

In the step (2), the nursery stock branches are hermetically wrapped by transparent films, namely the nursery stock branches and the thick branch parts are hermetically wrapped by the transparent films, and the transparent films are wrapped in three layers in a spiral upward overlapping winding mode: the winding gap of the primary transparent film is 1/2-1 times of the width of the transparent film; the secondary transparent film is wound at the gap of the primary transparent film; the third transparent film is wound and covered above the connecting gap of the first transparent film and the second transparent film; the tree trunk head and the tail coated by the transparent film and the joint of the tree trunk and the tree branches are all tightly bound and sealed through transparent adhesive tape, so that the sealed package is ensured.

In the step (3), the pesticide with the quantitative concentration comprises a pesticide for killing the trunk borers and a bactericide for killing trunk epidermal bacteria.

The insecticide is prepared by mixing Japanese premna herb and water in a proportion of 1: watering after 1000 dilution preparation; the sterilization agent adopts tolbutate methyl and mancozeb 1: 1 mixture, and the mixture is mixed with water in a ratio of 1: and irrigating after 500 dilution preparation, wherein the amount of the thiophanate methyl and the mancozeb required by each seedling is 10-20 g.

In the step (3), the quantitative water is supplemented to perform quantitative water irrigation after the pesticide with the quantitative concentration is added until water drops are adhered to the inner surface of the transparent film visible to naked eyes, no water is accumulated in the transparent film, and no water is soaked, and the transparent film is wound and sealed for three times after the pesticide with the quantitative concentration and the quantitative water are irrigated.

In the step (4), the regular humidity judgment and detection are carried out according to different conditions of seasons, sunshine and rainwater, the content of water drops on the surface of the transparent film is observed in an observation period of every 3-7 days, and the irrigation frequency and the irrigation quantity can be reduced according to the distribution condition of the water drops on the surface of the transparent film.

In the step (5), the white callus division condition of the surface of the branch coated by the transparent film is judged by observing whether the surface of the branch coated by the transparent film grows white callus within 20-30 days of nursery stock maintenance, and if no or no obvious white callus exists, a nutrient solution bottle is required to be hung on the nursery stock in time.

In the step (6), the limited-time dismantling of the transparent film is to observe the growth condition of the terminal buds of the branches of the nursery stock within the period of 35-55 days of maintenance, and to dismantle the transparent film immediately when the buds grow; during the maintenance period of 2 months, the nursery stock has no new buds growing and white callus is split, damaged and discolored, the nursery stock is sun-proof treated to avoid direct sun exposure, the transparent film is removed, the original transparent film is coated with geotechnical cloth, the nursery stock is irrigated to the state that the outer geotechnical cloth is completely wet, and the nursery stock is irrigated periodically and is maintained by nutrient solution hanging bottles.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the technical scheme, water vapor and pesticides can be sealed well in a limited space to supply nursery stocks through the sealing effect of the transparent film, water evaporation and pesticide loss in the transparent film are reduced, the moisturizing and pesticide effects of the nursery stocks are ensured, further, manual factors can be reduced, maintenance procedures are simplified, cost investment is saved, the survival time of the nursery stocks is shortened, timely or early treatment is achieved, moth-eaten dry insects, worm eggs and bacteria are effectively treated, the treatment period is shortened, the survival rate of the nursery stocks is improved, and the survival rate is improved to 95% from the original 90%.

(2) The invention combines the sprinkling irrigation of the pesticide and the coating of the transparent film, so that the pesticide is better controlled in a closed space, the loss of the pesticide is reduced, the concentration is ensured, and the seedling is provided with the functions of killing insects and sterilizing. The pesticide can be repeatedly changed along with the physical state of the water in the transparent film to achieve the micro-steaming effect on the nursery stock, the water is absorbed by the trunk veins, and the effective components of the pesticide are always kept on the surface of the trunk and are slowly absorbed and not damaged. The pesticide effect is gradually and durably acted on the nursery stock, so that the trunk borers and bacteria on the trunk can be prevented and treated, and the trunk borer eggs are killed. The method of the invention improves the utilization rate of the pesticide, ensures that the pesticide effect of the pesticide is kept in the closed space formed by the transparent film for a long time and acts on the nursery stock for a long time, thereby achieving the effects of improving the comprehensiveness and the durability of pest control, enhancing the pest control effect, reducing the pest control period and the cost, and further improving the survival rate of the nursery stock.

(3) The transparent film is spirally and upwardly overlapped and wound to coat the nursery stock tree trunk by three layers, the transparent film is wound from bottom to top, the gap of the primary transparent film is 1/2-1 times of the width of the transparent film, and the secondary transparent film is wound at the gap of the primary transparent film, so that the intermittent wrapping can promote the sprinkling irrigation of pesticide and water and the implementation; and the third transparent film is wound and covered above the connecting gap between the first transparent film and the second transparent film, so that the coating sealing effect is ensured, the water vapor can be effectively prevented from evaporating and flowing upwards from the gap, and the sealing and moisturizing effect is ensured. And when the water consumption of the photosynthesis of the nursery stock is reduced by cutting branches and reducing leaves, the remaining main trunk part of the nursery stock is sealed to further reduce evaporation, so that the water supply and demand relationship of the nursery stock is relieved, the nursery stock tends to a state of balanced supply and demand, the survival rate of the nursery stock is further ensured, the frequency of manual irrigation and the number of irrigation are reduced, the manual factors are reduced, and the maintenance procedure is simplified.

(4) The invention adopts the transparent film to coat the pesticide, which not only can improve the sterilization and disinsection effects and ensure the moisture preservation effect of the nursery stock, but also can accelerate the splitting speed of the white callus through pest control and moisture preservation, and the growth condition of the callus at the root of the nursery stock can be judged according to the growth condition and the growth quantity of the callus on the epidermis of the trunk of the nursery stock, thereby shortening the judgment time of the survival condition of the nursery stock, timely taking treatment measures on the nursery stock without the growing callus and further improving the survival rate of nursery stock maintenance. The root system of the nursery stock is healed or regenerated after the nursery stock sprouts within 35-55 days, so that the nursery stock has the capability of absorbing nutrients from the outside, the breathing photosynthesis of the nursery stock can be promoted by removing the transparent film in time, the balance of supply and demand is ensured, and the influence on survival caused by the rottenness of the surface skin due to excessive dampness of the nursery stock is prevented. The method is characterized in that the seedling skin is easy to soak and rot due to excessive moisture when the seedling does not sprout and the transparent film is not detached within 2 months, the transparent film is detached and then sun-proof treatment is timely performed on the seedling, the transparent film is detached and the original transparent film is coated with the geotextile, the trunk of the seedling is irrigated until the outer geotextile is completely wet, and the seedling is irrigated at regular intervals and is watered with a nutrient solution hanging bottle, so that the seedling is ensured not to be exposed to the sun and be moisturized, the seedling skin has a proper buffer period to be repaired, and the seedling skin is prevented from being peeled and.

Detailed Description

Specific examples are given below to further illustrate the present invention.

Control group trials 1-3: 300 kernels and flour, 300 cinnamomum camphora, 200 Chinese tallow trees and 200 autumn maples which are of the same variety and come from the same seedling field and have the same health degree are selected and cured by a conventional curing method.

Maintenance treatment as a control group: (1) the conventional method for treating the stem borers is adopted, and the pesticides with the same concentration and the same quantity as those in the embodiment are used for treating the borers and bacteria; (2) during the maintenance period and in the early maintenance period of the examples, 4 watering times per day were carried out, and the control group experiment continued for 4 watering times per day. And (3) recording the maintenance condition of the seedlings tested in each control group after the same maintenance time is carried out, as shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 statistical table for the condition of nursery stock maintained conventionally