Die assembly and granulation device with pressure regulating device
阅读说明:本技术 具有压力调节装置的模具组件和造粒设备 (Die assembly and granulation device with pressure regulating device ) 是由 尼古拉·施内尔巴赫 阿纳托利·巴克拉绍夫 于 2020-03-19 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种用于造粒设备的模具组件,所述模具组件具有压力调节装置,所述压力调节装置包括:基部构件,所述基部构件具有流体入口侧和流体出口侧,流动通道,所述流动通道被形成在基部构件中,以在流体入口侧和流体出口侧之间提供导流连接,以及环形通道部段,所述环形通道部段以导流的方式连接到流动通道并被形成在流体出口侧的区域中。本发明的特征在于用于影响环形通道部段的流动截面的流动截面调节元件,所述调节元件能够相对于环形通道部段和/或流动通道移动。(The invention relates to a die assembly for a granulation installation, having a pressure regulating device comprising: a base member having a fluid inlet side and a fluid outlet side, a flow channel formed in the base member to provide a flow-directing connection between the fluid inlet side and the fluid outlet side, and an annular channel section connected to the flow channel in a flow-directing manner and formed in the region of the fluid outlet side. The invention is characterized by a flow cross section adjusting element for influencing the flow cross section of the annular channel section, which adjusting element can be moved relative to the annular channel section and/or the flow channel.)
1. A die assembly for a pelletizing apparatus, the die assembly having:
a pressure regulating device, the pressure regulating device comprising:
a base member having a fluid inlet side and a fluid outlet side,
a flow channel formed in the base member to provide a flow-directing connection between the fluid inlet side and the fluid outlet side, an
An annular channel section which is connected in a flow-conducting manner to the flow channel and is formed in the region of the fluid outlet side,
characterized by a flow cross section adjusting element for influencing the flow cross section of the annular channel section, which adjusting element is movable relative to the annular channel section and/or the flow channel.
2. The mold assembly of claim 1,
characterized in that the adjusting element is arranged in the annular channel section.
3. The mold assembly of any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the adjusting element has an adjusting ring and a retaining ring, which is connected to the adjusting ring.
4. The mold assembly of claim 3,
characterized in that the adjusting ring is wedge-shaped.
5. The mold arrangement according to any one of claims 3 or 4,
characterized in that the adjusting ring has a pin which extends at least partially into the annular channel section depending on the position of the adjusting ring.
6. The mold assembly of any of the preceding claims,
characterized by at least one actuator operatively connected to the adjustment element for moving the adjustment element relative to the annular channel section, in particular for translational movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the base member.
7. The mold assembly of claim 6,
characterized in that the actuator is formed as a fluid-operated actuator, in particular as a pneumatic actuator or a hydraulic actuator.
8. The mold assembly of claim 7,
characterised in that the fluid operated actuator has a cylinder with at least one pressurised fluid inlet/outlet, wherein the cylinder and the at least one pressurised fluid inlet/outlet are formed in the base member.
9. The mold assembly of any of claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that the actuator has an actuating element which is connected to the retaining ring and which is operatively connected to a translationally movable plunger.
10. The mold assembly of claim 9,
characterized in that the base member has at least one mounting hole for mounting the plunger and for guiding the plunger to the outside of the base member.
11. The mold assembly of any of claims 9 or 10,
characterized in that the plunger has an actuating element, in particular a nut or a gearwheel, which is arranged outside the base member.
12. The mold assembly of claim 11,
characterized by coupling means for coupling the actuating elements of at least two actuators.
13. The mold assembly of claim 12,
characterized in that the coupling device is configured as an internal gear which engages with an actuating element of the plurality of actuating elements, in particular the gearwheel, such that an actuation of the internal gear leads to an actuation of the actuating element.
14. The mold assembly of any of claims 12 to 13,
characterized in that the actuating element or the coupling device has a drive and/or a handle.
15. The mold assembly of claim 1,
characterized in that the adjusting element is formed as a sleeve which at least partially surrounds the base member and is translationally movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the base member, wherein an adjusting section is formed on the adjusting element, which adjusting section is adapted to influence the free flow cross section in the annular channel section.
16. The mold assembly of claim 15, wherein the mold assembly,
characterized in that the adjustment section is wedge-shaped.
17. The mold assembly of claim 15, wherein the mold assembly,
characterized in that the adjustment section is concave.
18. The mold assembly of claim 15, wherein the mold assembly,
characterized in that the adjusting ring is convex.
19. The mold assembly of any of claims 15 or 16,
characterized in that the adjustment section has a pin which extends at least partially into the annular channel section depending on the position of the adjustment section.
20. The mold assembly of claim 1,
characterized in that the adjusting element has a pin which, depending on the position of the adjusting element, extends at least partially into the annular channel section.
21. The mold assembly of claim 1,
characterized in that the flow cross-section adjustment element is formed as a cone which is translationally movable relative to the longitudinal axis of the base member.
22. The mold assembly of claim 21,
characterized in that an actuator for translationally moving the cone is assigned to the cone.
23. The mold assembly of claim 17,
characterized in that the actuator is configured as a fluid-operated actuator, particularly preferably as a pneumatic actuator or a hydraulic actuator.
24. The mold assembly of claim 17,
characterized in that the actuator is configured as a mechanical actuator.
25. The mold assembly of claim 24,
characterized in that the mechanical actuator has a set screw engageable with an internal thread arranged in the cone for translationally moving the cone.
26. The mold assembly of claim 24,
characterized in that the mechanical actuator has an adjustment pin operatively connected to a rotating member via a gear, and wherein the rotating member is operatively connected to the cone by a thread.
27. The mold assembly of any of claims 21 to 26,
characterized in that the translationally movable cone is guided and sealed with respect to the base member and/or the mould plate by means of a cone guide.
28. The mold assembly of claim 27,
characterized in that the cone has a trapezoidal section on its side facing the annular channel section for influencing the flow cross section in the annular channel section.
29. The mold assembly of any of claims 21 to 26,
characterized in that the translationally movable cone is sealed with respect to the base member and/or the mould plate by means of a bellows adapted to influence the flow cross section in the annular channel section.
30. The mold assembly of any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the pressure regulating device is coupled to the mould member.
31. The mold assembly of claim 1,
characterized in that the pressure regulating means are formed in the mould member.
32. The mold assembly of claim 31,
characterized in that the flow cross-section adjustment element has a throttle pin, wherein the throttle pin is guided and received in a radially outwardly extending guide in the mould member and extends at least partially into the annular channel section.
33. The mold assembly of claim 31,
characterized in that the flow cross-section adjustment element has at least one slide element with at least one slide hole, wherein the slide element can be brought into a position in which the slide hole is aligned with the mould member flow channel and into a further position in which the slide hole is not aligned or only partially aligned with the mould member flow channel.
34. The mold assembly of claim 33,
characterized in that the slide element is operatively connected to slide rods which are guided and received in radially outwardly extending guides in the mould member.
35. The mold assembly of claim 34, wherein the mold assembly,
characterized in that the sliding element is coupled to a rotationally movable slider adjustment device.
36. The mold assembly of claim 1,
characterized in that the flow cross section adjustment element is formed as a throttle element which can be selectively pivoted into the flow channel.
37. The mold assembly of claim 36,
characterized in that the throttling element is mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis and is held in a pivoted position by means of an adjusting screw.
38. A pelletizing apparatus for producing pellets from a melt stream, the pelletizing apparatus having a die assembly,
characterised in that the mould assembly is constructed according to any one of claims 1 to 37.
39. A method for regulating the pressure of a melt stream, the method comprising at least the steps of:
providing a melt stream at a pressure regulating device;
conducting the melt stream to an annular channel section of the pressure regulating device, and
adjusting the free flow cross section of the annular channel section.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a die assembly for a pelletizing apparatus having a pressure regulating device coupled to a die member, the pressure regulating device comprising: a base member having a fluid inlet side and a fluid outlet side; a flow passage formed in the base member to provide a flow-directing connection between the fluid inlet side and the fluid outlet side; and an annular channel section which is connected to the flow channel in a flow-conducting manner and is formed in the region of the fluid outlet side.
Background
Such mould assemblies are known from the prior art and are used, for example, in pelletizing plants. In most cases, they are used to extrude molten pelletized material, such as thermoplastics, through a die plate into the form of multiple melt strands (meltstrands). In an "underwater pelletization" process, individual melt strands are then divided by a cutting device into strand sections that are cooled to form pellet particles (pelletagrens) as the strand sections come into contact with a coolant, such as water. The underwater pelletizing process allows for a high throughput of pelletized material while requiring less installation space for such devices and producing lower emissions in the form of dust or noise.
In the mold assemblies known from the prior art, the melt is fed into the mold component on the inlet side. The melt is directed by a number of flow channels through the mold member and to the mold plate. The die plate typically has a large number of die holes to provide a high level of productivity and, depending on the melt to be processed, to provide the desired granulation results, i.e. high throughput and/or small granules. A disadvantage of the conventional mold assemblies known from the prior art is that the mold members and the mold plates are designed specifically for a specific throughput and viscosity of the plastic melt. This means that each material or melt must generally be treated with advantageous process parameters (e.g. a specific pressure) to ensure that the melt strand leaves the die plate in the desired manner. In the mould assemblies known in the prior art, the change of material usually involves replacing the entire mould assembly and providing a different mould assembly for each material to be treated or at least for different kinds of materials. This can be a significant capital expenditure if different materials are to be processed, as a large number of mould assemblies need to be provided. Furthermore, changing the mould assembly is often time consuming, with the result that changing the material to be processed is associated with high set-up costs (set-up costs).
The use of pressure regulating devices to allow processing of different materials with different viscosities with a single mould assembly is known from the prior art. For example, DE 202006018456U 1 relates to a die of a plastic strand pelletizing plant (plastic strand pelletizing plant). The die in question has a melt inlet opening for receiving the melt from the extruder and a melt distributor for distributing the melt from the melt inlet opening to a plurality of melt channels having orifices opening towards one end for discharging strands of molten plastic, the die having a plurality of constrictions for the flow of the melt, which are arranged between the melt inlet opening and the orifices and are variable and individually adjustable in cross-section.
However, a disadvantage of this solution is that the manufacturing and maintenance costs of this arrangement are significantly increased compared to conventional mould assemblies known from the prior art due to its high complexity. Although this device avoids having to provide a large number of mould assemblies in order to handle different materials with different viscosities, the potential cost-effectiveness is not exploited in the best possible way due to the high complexity of the proposed device.
In view of this background, it is an object of the present invention to develop a mould assembly of the initially specified kind in such a way that the disadvantages found in the prior art are eliminated as far as possible. More specifically, a mold assembly will be specified that can be used for a large number of different materials, material throughputs and viscosities, while being cheap, functionally reliable and easy to maintain.
According to the invention, in a mould assembly of the initially specified kind, this object is achieved by a flow cross-section adjusting element for influencing the flow cross-section of the annular channel section, which element is movable relative to the annular channel section and/or the flow channel.
The invention makes use of the finding that the movement of a single component or an assembly with a narrow limit on the number of components thereof can be used to modify the free flow cross section of the respective annular channel section of a die assembly in such a targeted manner that different materials with different throughputs and viscosities can be processed with such a die assembly.
Such a flow cross-section adjusting element can be used in particular for influencing the free flow cross-section in an annular channel section which, for example, supplies a multiplicity of flow channels with melt. Alternatively or additionally, the flow cross-section adjustment element can be moved relative to the flow channel. Thus, a single flow cross-section adjustment element may be used to indirectly affect the melt pressure in the entire mold assembly. Furthermore, the free-flow cross section and the melt pressure are influenced in the immediate vicinity of the die plate, from which the melt strand leaves the die plate. The melt pressure can thus be adjusted very precisely overall, while the device according to the invention has a low component complexity and is easy to maintain. By using the pressure regulating device according to the invention, the cost efficiency can be significantly improved compared to pressure regulating devices known from the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention was developed by arranging the adjusting element in an annular channel section. The melt preferably flows around the regulating element. The adjusting element can now be used to influence the gap between the adjusting element and the annular channel section, and thus the free flow cross section, by moving the adjusting element relative to the annular channel section. This offers the advantage that the free flow cross section and thus the pressure conditions in the melt can be influenced indirectly in a very precisely metered manner. This arrangement also ensures that any adverse effects on the flow of the melt are minimized as much as possible, in particular that strong turbulences are reliably prevented.
According to a preferred embodiment, the adjusting element has an adjusting ring and a retaining ring connected to the adjusting ring. This two-part construction allows the adjusting ring to be easily replaced and adapted to different materials, throughputs or viscosities, for example, as required. The individual components can also be easily replaced in the event of wear. The adjusting ring and the retaining ring can be connected in many different ways, for example by a threaded connection, a heat-resistant adhesive bond or a form-fitting connection.
The invention was developed by making the adjusting ring wedge-shaped. The wedge shape of the adjusting ring has proven to be particularly advantageous for influencing the free flow cross section without the melt flow being adversely affected by, for example, turbulence. According to alternative embodiments, the adjusting ring may have a concave and/or convex section for influencing the flow in a targeted manner, or it may be formed in some other streamlined form.
According to a preferred development of the invention, the adjusting ring has a pin which, depending on the position of the adjusting ring, extends at least partially into the annular channel section. The additional use of such pins (also referred to as pressure adjustment pins) allows the free flow cross section to be additionally limited in certain areas, so that the pressure of the melt can be additionally influenced by such pins. Alternatively or additionally, the pins may be dimensioned in such a way that they extend into flow channels formed in the mould member. This allows the pressure control zone to move closer to the die plate. With such a device, the quality of the melt strand can be positively influenced, depending on the melt throughput used or on the desired material throughput.
It is further preferred that the mould assembly has at least one actuator operatively connected to the adjustment element for moving the adjustment element relative to the annular channel section, in particular for translational movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the base member. In this regard, the mold assembly preferably has three or more such actuators to ensure that the adjusting elements in the region of the annular channel are at as constant a distance as possible from the lateral boundaries of the annular channel along the course of the annular channel. In any case, it must be ensured that the adjusting element is prevented from tilting, which would indirectly lead to uneven removal of the melt from the mould plate.
According to an alternative embodiment, the actuator is formed as a fluid-operated actuator, in particular as a pneumatic actuator or a hydraulic actuator. It has been found that implementing the actuator as a fluid operated actuator is advantageous for applications in which the number of mechanical parts will be reduced and at the same time low wear actuators are used.
The fluid operated actuator preferably has a cylinder with at least one pressurized fluid inlet/outlet, wherein the cylinder and the at least one pressurized fluid inlet/outlet are formed in the base member. Forming the cylinder in the base member allows for a further reduction in the number of components required. Preferably, the piston is arranged in a cylinder, the piston being sealed against the cylinder by a bellows. This ensures a durable tight seal.
The actuator is preferably designed such that it has a stub (stub) which is connected to the retaining ring and which is operatively connected to the translationally movable plunger. The described assembly allows the position of the retaining ring or the adjusting element to be finely adjusted while having a simple design.
It is further preferred that the base member has at least one mounting hole for mounting the plunger and for guiding the plunger to the outside of the base member. The mounting hole preferably has a seal to prevent any melt from leaking out of the housing. It is further preferred that the plunger has an actuating element, in particular a nut or a gearwheel (gearwheel) arranged outside the base member, which preferably matches the external thread of the plunger. Such an actuating element arranged outside the housing allows the adjusting element to be easily actuated and ensures that no melt can leak from the housing. The type of actuating element used can be chosen freely as a whole and will depend in particular on how it is controlled. For example, the actuating element may have means for manual actuation, or a mechanical element such as a nut or a gear.
The invention is further developed by a coupling device for coupling actuating elements of at least two actuators. The coupling device is preferably configured as an annulus gear which engages with an actuating element of the plurality of actuating elements, in particular a gearwheel, such that actuation of the annulus gear leads to actuation of the plurality of actuating elements. This is a principle based on the simultaneous actuation of several actuators of a mould assembly by actuation of a single coupling device. In alternative embodiments, the actuators themselves or a group of actuators that can be coupled in any way can be actuated individually or in groups by means of a motor drive, a pneumatic drive, an electric drive or a linear drive.
According to a preferred embodiment, the actuating element or the coupling device has a drive and/or a handle. An electric motor, a pneumatic drive or a linear drive can be used as drive means. The handle is a particularly inexpensive way of actuation, but requires direct interaction by the operator. Actuating the coupling means by the drive means allows the mould assembly to be automated in terms of the actuation of the adjustment elements.
According to an alternative embodiment, the adjusting element is formed as a sleeve which at least partially surrounds the base member and is translationally movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the base member, wherein an adjusting section adapted to influence the free flow cross section in the annular channel section is formed on the adjusting element. It has also been found that designing the adjustment element as a sleeve or sleeve-shaped member is suitable for influencing the free flow cross section in the annular channel section in a targeted manner. This alternative embodiment comprises a further reduction in the number of components and, since the adjustment element is structurally formed as a sleeve, a large force can be applied to the adjustment section of the adjustment element.
In a preferred embodiment, the sleeve is moved in translation by a bolt inserted into the base member. The sleeve has a mating socket for the bolt, the socket having a recess for insertion of an actuating nut that can be threaded onto the bolt. The actuating nut is limited in both actuating directions of the sleeve, such that any rotation of the nut causes a translational movement of the sleeve in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the base member or in respective opposite directions. Preferably, at least three such actuation bolts are arranged in the base member.
The adjustment section is preferably wedge-shaped. However, in alternative embodiments, the adjustment section may also have a concave or convex section, or a combination of these sections and a straight section. In particular, the shape of the conditioning section may be adapted to the material to be treated, its viscosity and the desired throughput.
According to a preferred embodiment, the adjusting section further has a pin extending at least partially into the annular channel section, depending on the position of the adjusting section. In a further alternative embodiment, the adjusting element also has a pin which, depending on the position of the adjusting element, extends at least partially into the annular channel section. As already mentioned, the pin narrows the free flow cross section further and thus indirectly increases the pressure on the melt in the specific region.
In different embodiments, the pins may have different lengths and shapes. According to a first embodiment, the pins extend substantially into the annular channel section, and in particular in a state in which the pins move in the direction of the mould plate, the pins extend an additional further amount into at least a part of the flow channel of the mould unit. In a further embodiment, a somewhat longer pin is used, which likewise extends into the annular channel section and into the larger part of the flow channel of the mould unit. This allows the pressure conditions in the immediate vicinity of the die plate to be adjusted in a targeted manner depending on the melt to be treated (viscosity, throughput).
In a preferred embodiment, the pins taper towards the die plate. In an alternative embodiment, the pin has two sections, a first section of constant diameter and a second pin section tapering towards the die plate. The pin end facing the die plate is designed as a tip or radius.
According to one embodiment, the pin also has an external thread on the side facing away from the die plate, which external thread matches an internal thread provided in the adjusting section or the adjusting element. The pin can therefore preferably be screwed into the adjusting section or the adjusting element. In an alternative embodiment, the adjustment section and the adjustment element have holes into which pins can be inserted.
In an alternative embodiment, the number of pins arranged at the adjusting section or the adjusting element is variable. By precisely selecting the number of pins to be inserted, the pressure conditions in the annular channel section or the flow channel of the mold unit can be influenced in a targeted manner.
According to an alternative embodiment, the flow cross-section adjustment element is formed as a cone which is translationally movable relative to the longitudinal axis of the base member.
The use of a cone that can be moved translationally has proven to be particularly suitable for fine adjustment of the flow rate and also reduces turbulence in the fluid.
An actuator for translating the moving cone is preferably assigned to the cone.
According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator is configured as a fluid-operated actuator, particularly preferably as a pneumatic actuator or a hydraulic actuator.
According to an alternative embodiment, the actuator is configured as a mechanical actuator. It is preferable to design it in this way whenever there is no pressurized medium in the production environment.
The invention is developed by a mechanical actuator with a set screw engageable with an internal thread arranged in a cone for translational movement of the cone. In this way, the position of the cone can be finely adjusted by the rotational movement of the set screw and using standard components. According to an alternative embodiment, the mechanical actuator has an adjustment pin operatively connected to the rotary member via a gear, and wherein the rotary member is operatively connected to the cone by a thread. This arrangement allows for the transfer of strong restoring forces, and thus the mold assembly can be used for a variety of operating pressures.
The translationally movable cone is preferably guided and sealed with respect to the base member and/or the mould plate by means of a cone guide. This ensures that the cone is uniformly guided and centered with respect to the base member and/or the mould plate.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the cone has a trapezoidal section on its side facing the annular channel section for influencing the flow cross section in the annular channel section. The cone is thus adapted to exert a direct influence on the flow conditions in the region of the annular channel section via the trapezoidal section.
According to a further alternative embodiment, the translationally movable cone is sealed against the base member and/or the mould plate by a bellows, which is adapted to influence the flow cross section in the annular channel section. In the first operating position of the cone, the bellows preferably rests tightly against the outer circumference of the cone, while in the second position of the cone the bellows has a curvature adapted to influence the flow conditions in the annular channel section.
The invention is further developed by coupling a pressure regulating device to the mold member. The pressure regulating device and the mould member thus form a mould unit.
According to an alternative embodiment, the pressure regulating means is formed in the mould member. An advantage here is that a more compact arrangement of the pressure regulating device and the mould member can be achieved.
According to an alternative preferred embodiment, the mould member has a guide assembly for guiding the flow cross-section adjustment element relative to the mould member. By means of the guide assembly, the flow cross-section adjustment element is concentrically aligned and guided relative to the mould member. The guiding assembly preferably comprises a plurality of guiding plates, in particular three such guiding plates, which are arranged concentrically on the die member, which guiding plates guide the flow cross-section adjustment element, in particular at its inner or outer diameter.
According to a further alternative preferred embodiment, the flow cross-section adjustment element has at least one guide element for guiding the flow cross-section adjustment element relative to the mould member, and the mould member has at least one guide groove in which the at least one guide element is movably received. This again provides alignment and guidance of the flow cross-section adjustment element relative to the mould member.
According to a further alternative preferred embodiment, the flow cross-section adjustment element has a throttle pin which is guided and received in a radially outwardly extending guide in the mould member and which extends at least partially into the annular channel section. The throttle pin can preferably be inserted so far into the annular channel section that the latter is almost completely blocked. It is also preferred that the throttle pins can be moved into a further position in which they do not project into the annular channel section and thus exert little or no influence on the free flow cross section in the annular channel section.
Alternatively, it is preferred that the flow cross-section adjustment element has at least one slide element with at least one slide hole, wherein the slide element can be brought into a position in which the slide hole is aligned with the mold member flow channel, and the slide element can be brought into another position in which the slide hole is not aligned with the mold member flow channel or is only partially aligned therewith.
In this alternative embodiment, a slide with an aperture is used to affect flow in the region of the die member flow channel. If the holes in the slide element are aligned with the mold member flow channels, flow through the mold member flow channels is not affected. If the slide elements, and therefore the slide apertures contained therein, are misaligned, this will affect the flow conditions in the mold member flow channel.
In this respect it is preferred that the slide element is operatively connected to slide rods which are guided and received in radially outwardly extending guides in the mould member. This means that the slide bars can be easily accessed and manipulated from outside the mould member.
According to an alternative embodiment, the sliding element is coupled to a rotatably movable slider adjustment device. This allows for slight positional changes of the sliding element.
According to an alternative embodiment, the flow cross-section adjustment element is formed as a throttle element which can be selectively pivoted into the flow channel. The invention is further developed by mounting the throttling element so that the throttling element can pivot about a pivot axis and is held in a pivoted position by an adjusting screw. The use of such pivoting elements, which are usually pressed outwards by fluid pressure and therefore preferably against an adjusting screw, has proven to be particularly suitable for fine adjustment of the flow conditions. Preferably, the throttling element has a wedge-shaped section, a female section or a male section or a combination thereof. The invention has been described above with reference to a mould assembly. In another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a pelletizing apparatus for producing pellets from a melt stream through a die assembly. The present invention achieves the initially specified objects with respect to a granulation apparatus by means of a die assembly formed according to one of the above-mentioned aspects.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of regulating the pressure of a melt flow. The invention achieves the initially specified objects by reference to a method comprising the following steps: providing a melt stream at the pressure regulating device, conducting the melt stream to the annular channel section of the pressure regulating device, and regulating the free flow cross section of the annular channel section. In an alternative embodiment, furthermore, the free-flow cross section of the flow channel of the mould unit is adjusted.
With regard to the advantages of such a granulation apparatus or such a method, reference is made to the statements above, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Drawings
Further features and advantages of the invention result from the appended claims and the following description, in which embodiments are described in more detail with reference to the schematic drawings. In the drawings, there is shown in the drawings,
figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a granulation apparatus according to the present invention, comprising a die assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the inventive mold assembly shown in FIG. 1 including a mold unit and a pressure regulating device;
FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device shown in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4, 5 show cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the inventive mold assembly shown in FIG. 1 in different operating states;
FIGS. 6, 7 show cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the inventive die assembly shown in FIG. 1 with pins for affecting the free-flow cross-section under different operating conditions;
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a mold assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the inventive mold assembly illustrated in FIG. 8;
FIGS. 10, 11 show cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the inventive mold assembly shown in FIG. 8 in different operating states;
FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the free inventive die assembly illustrated in FIG. 8 with the pins for affecting the free-flow cross-section;
FIGS. 13, 14 show cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the inventive die assembly shown in FIG. 8 with pins for affecting the cross-section in different operating conditions;
FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a third embodiment of a mold assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the inventive mold assembly illustrated in FIG. 15;
FIGS. 17, 18 show cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the inventive mold assembly shown in FIG. 15 in different operating states;
FIGS. 19, 20 show cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the inventive die assembly shown in FIG. 15 with an alternative embodiment of a pin for affecting the free-flow cross-section under different operating conditions;
FIG. 21 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device illustrated in FIG. 1 with an alternative embodiment of a mold unit;
FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a pressure regulating device having a mold unit in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 23 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device illustrated in FIG. 22;
FIG. 24 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device illustrated in FIGS. 22-23, with the inventive pressure regulating device in an alternative operating position;
FIG. 25 illustrates an embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device having a concave regulating section based on FIG. 1;
FIG. 26 illustrates an embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device having a female regulating section as shown in FIG. 25, with the inventive pressure regulating device in an alternative operating position;
FIG. 27 shows another alternative embodiment of a pressure regulating device having a male regulating section based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 28 illustrates the embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device illustrated in FIG. 27 with the inventive pressure regulating device in an alternative operating position;
FIG. 29 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a pressure regulating device according to the present invention and a mould unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 30 illustrates an embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device and mold unit according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 29, with the inventive pressure regulating device and mold unit in an alternative operating position;
FIG. 31 shows a cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a pressure regulating device according to the present invention and a mould unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 32 shows the embodiment shown in FIG. 31 in an alternate operating position;
FIG. 33 shows a cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a pressure regulating device and a mold unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 34 shows the embodiment shown in FIG. 33 in an alternate operating position;
FIG. 35 shows a cross-sectional view of a further alternative embodiment of a pressure regulating device according to the invention and a mould unit according to the invention;
FIG. 36 shows the embodiment shown in FIG. 35 in an alternate operating position;
FIG. 37 shows a cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a pressure adjustment device and an alternative mold unit according to the present invention;
figure 38 shows the embodiment shown in figure 37, in an alternative operating position;
figure 39 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a mould unit according to the invention, in which a pressure regulating device is integrated;
figures 40, 41 show partial cross-sectional views of an inventive mould unit with a pressure regulating device, wherein the inventive mould unit is in different operating positions;
fig. 42 shows a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of a pressure regulating device according to the invention integrated in a mould unit;
figures 43, 44 show the inventive die unit and the pressure regulating device as shown in figure 42, wherein the inventive die unit and the pressure regulating device are in different operating positions;
fig. 45 shows another cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device integrated in a mould unit as shown in fig. 42 to 44;
fig. 46 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a pressure regulating device according to the present invention, wherein the pressure regulating device has a mould unit;
figures 47, 48 show cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device shown in figure 46, wherein the inventive pressure regulating device is in different operating positions;
fig. 49, 50 show partial views of the embodiment shown in fig. 46 to 48 in different operating positions;
FIGS. 51, 52 show cross-sectional views of alternative embodiments of pressure regulating devices according to the present invention in different operating positions;
FIG. 53 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a mold unit according to the present invention with a pressure adjustment device integrated therein;
FIGS. 54, 55, 56 illustrate the embodiment of the inventive pressure regulating device illustrated in FIG. 53 in different cross-sectional views and operating positions;
FIG. 57 shows a cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a pressure regulating device according to the present invention, arranged with a mold unit; and
fig. 58 shows by way of example a block diagram of a controller for operating a pressure regulating device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a pelletizing device 2, which is here and preferably constructed as an underwater pelletizing device; however, embodiments according to the present invention may also be used in other granulation apparatuses or methods. The granulator device 2 has a drive 6 which supplies drive power to an underwater granulator 14. The granulation installation 2 also has a protective cover 16.
The liquid plastic melt is fed to the
The drive device 6 is used to drive a cutting device which is provided for separating the molten strand into strand sections. The assembly comprising the drive means 6, underwater pelletizer 14 and die
Fig. 2 shows the
In fig. 3, the
Fig. 4 to 5 show sectional views of the mold assembly shown in fig. 2. As already mentioned, the
The
Fig. 5 shows the operating state of the
The structure of the
Fig. 6 shows a state in which the sleeve 44 (including the pin 74) is in a position moved away from the
An alternative embodiment of the
For example, fig. 9 shows a pressure regulating device 126 mounted on the
Movement of the
As already mentioned, the pressure regulating device 126 preferably has a plurality of
Fig. 10 and 11 illustrate different operating states of the
Fig. 12 shows the die assembly of fig. 8-11, but with the
When the plurality of
Another embodiment of a
The structure of the
Here, rotation of the
Fig. 19 and 20 show an alternative embodiment regarding the construction of the
Fig. 21 shows a final embodiment of the
Fig. 22 shows a mold unit 428 and a
The functional principle is illustrated with reference to fig. 23 and 24. As can be seen in fig. 23, the pressurized fluid inlet and
As shown in fig. 23, the
Fig. 24 shows an operating state of the pressure-regulating
Fig. 25 and 26 show an alternative embodiment of the
Fig. 27 and 28 show another alternative embodiment of the
Fig. 29 and 30 show another alternative embodiment of a
A
An alternative embodiment of a mold unit 528a is shown in fig. 31 and 32, which likewise implements the basic principle of the axially adjustable guide cone 558 a. Bellows 594 is arranged between axially adjustable guide cone 558a and die unit 538 a. If the axially adjustable guide cone is in an extended state, as shown in fig. 31, where the axially adjustable guide cone 558a has been moved to the right in the plane of the figure, the bellows 594 is placed against the transition region between the axially adjustable guide cone 558a and the die unit 538 a. This means that the free flow cross section of the
However, in the state shown in fig. 32, compared to fig. 31, the axially adjustable guide cone 558a is in a retracted state, i.e. it is moved to the right in the plane of the drawing. If the axially adjustable guide cone 558a is in the corresponding state, the bellows 594 is compressed, which causes it to arch into the region of the annular channel section. This in turn leads to a reduction in the free flow cross section in the region of the
By translationally moving the guide cone 558a relative to the
An alternative mechanical adjustment means for axially adjusting the guide cone 658 is shown in fig. 33 and 34. The guide cone 658 is initially guided in an axially adjustable manner within the mold member 638. In the region of its longitudinal axis, the mold member 638 has holes into which the fixing screws 696 are inserted. The set screws 696 may be actuated from outside the apparatus, in particular from the mold plate 640 side. A nut 698 is fitted over the set screw 696. The axially adjustable guide cone 658 further has a hole arranged in the region of its longitudinal axis, which hole has an internal thread in which an external thread applied to the fixing screw 696 can engage. The rotatability of the axially adjustable guide cone 658 is inhibited by the centering pin 654, so that any rotation of the set screw 696 causes the axially adjustable guide cone to move translationally in the axial direction depending on the direction of rotation. The flow cross-section between the guide cone 658 and the base member 630 is affected by the axial position of the guide cone 658.
Fig. 35 and 36 show a further embodiment, in which the mechanical axial adjustment of the
Fig. 37 and 38 show a further alternative embodiment of a guide cone 858 that is flow adjustable in the axial direction. Axially adjustable guide cone 858 is axially movably mounted in mold member 838 and is axially adjustable by a fluid that may be introduced into first pressure chamber 880 and second pressure chamber 882. Axial adjustment of guide cone 858 results in a change in the flow path between base member 830 and axially adjustable guide cone 858. The free flow cross section in the annular channel section 850 is not changed by the axial adjustment of the guide cone 858.
Fig. 39 shows a mold unit 928 with
Another alternative embodiment of a
The manner in which the
In the state shown in fig. 44, the
Another alternative embodiment is shown in fig. 46-50. Referring now to fig. 46, the
Fig. 47 and 48 show cross-sectional views of the
A
However, in the state shown in fig. 48, the
Fig. 51 and 52 show an alternative embodiment of a
However, in the state shown in fig. 52, the
Another alternative embodiment of the
The structure of the
The adjustment element 1384 has an
If the mold member flow channels 1360 are aligned with the trim disk holes 1386, there is no significant restriction or restriction to fluid flow through the mold member flow channels 1360. However, if the tuning disc 1382 is rotated by the
This is shown in fig. 55 and 56. In the state shown in fig. 55, the trim disk holes 1386 are aligned with the mold member flow channels 1360 and thus have no restriction or significant restriction to fluid flow through the mold member flow channels 1360.
However, in the state shown in fig. 56, the trim disk holes 1386 are no longer aligned with the mold component flow channels 1360, and thus the cross-section of flow through the mold component flow channels 1360 is confined within the region of the tuning disks 1382.
An alternative embodiment of a die assembly 1428 is shown in FIG. 57. Die unit 1428 has an adjustment disk 1482 that is movably mounted relative to die member 1438. The conditioner disk 1482 has conditioner disk apertures 1490 that may be positioned in alignment with respect to the mold member flow channels 1460 so that there is no effective restriction to fluid flow through the mold member flow channels 1460, or as shown in fig. 57, these may be brought into a non-aligned position with respect to the flow channels so as to restrict fluid flow through the mold member flow channels 1460. The adjusting disk 1482 has a threaded section 1484 for controlling the adjusting disk 1482. The adjusting element 1486 arranged in the die member 1438 has a worm 1488 in the region of one of its ends. The worm 1488 is matched to the threaded section 1484 in such a way that rotating the adjusting element 1486 with the worm 1488 will cause the adjusting disk 1482 to rotate. Adjustment element 1486 is guided in such a way that one of its ends can be actuated from outside of mold member 1438.
Fig. 58 shows a control block diagram 1500 for controlling the pressure regulating device 1510. The arrangement has a pressure sensor 1502 in signal communication with a controller 1506. Based on the value of the pressure measured by pressure sensor 1502, controller 1506 actuates actuator 1508, which in turn actuates pressure adjustment device 1510 based on the value of the pressure measured by pressure sensor 1502. By the controller 1506, the pressure in the plastic melt strand 1504 in the area of the mold plate 1540 can be influenced in a desired manner and by the technical means mentioned and described in the examples.
List of reference numerals
2 granulation device
4 mould assembly
6 drive device
8 casing
10 sliding mounting
12 process water outlet
14 granulator
16 protective cover
18 bottom plate
20 mechanical bottom plate
22 spacer element
24 process water inlet
26 pressure regulating device
28 mould unit
30 base member
31 housing section
32 fluid inlet side
34 actuator
36 actuating nut
38. 38a mould member
38b
40 mould plate
42 die hole
44 sleeve
46 flow channel
48 fluid discharge side
50 annular channel section
52 adjusting section
52a concave adjustment section
52b convex adjustment section
54 centering pin
56-cone fastening screw
58 guide vertebra
60 mold member flow channel
62 bolt
64. 66 fastening nut
68 Flat gasket
70 first abutment shoulder
72 second abutment shoulder
74 Pin
104 mould assembly
126 pressure regulating device
130 base member
146 flow channel
150 annular channel section
174 pin
176 actuating element
178 plunger
180 actuating element (gearwheel)
182 handle
184 retaining ring
186 adjusting ring
188 coupling device
190 hat ring
204 mold assembly
226 pressure regulating device
230 base member
236 actuated nut/screw
246 flow channel
250 annular channel segment
274 pin
292 mounting ring
294 connecting ring
296 projecting pins
304 mold assembly
328 die unit
338 mold member
340 die plate
356 cone fastening screw
358 guide vertebra
398 heating ring
426 pressure regulating device
428 mould unit
430 base member
432 fluid inlet side
438A mould member
440 die plate
446 flow passage
450 annular channel section
454 centering pin
456 cone fastening screw
458 guide vertebra
460 mold member flow channel
474 pin
484 pressurized fluid inlet/outlet
486 pressurized fluid inlet/outlet
488 first housing ring
490 second housing ring
492 corrugated pipe
494 piston
496 cylinder chamber
528. 528a mould unit
530 base member
538. 538a mould member
540 mould plate
550 annular channel section
558. 558a axially adjustable guide cone
560 mold member flow channel
580 first pressure chamber
582 a second pressure chamber
584 distributor section
586 sealing ring
588 pressurized fluid inlet/outlet
590 pressure chamber ring
592 Cone guide
594 corrugated pipe
596 trapezoidal section
630 base member
638 mould component
640 mould plate
650 annular channel segment 654 centring pin
658 axially adjustable guide cone
660 mold member flow channel
694 fixing screw receiver
696 fixing screw
698 nut
730 base component
738 mould component
740 mould plate
758 axially adjustable guide cone
760 mold member flow channel
778 lead cone internal thread
780 external thread
782 gear segment
784 receiver
786 ball bearing
788 locking ring
796 adjusting pin
798 rotating member
830 base member
838 mould component
840 mould plate
850 annular channel segment
858 axial adjustable guide cone
860 mold member flow passage
880 first pressure chamber
882 second pressure chamber
884 distributor segment
886 sealing ring
888 pressurized fluid inlet/outlet
890 pressure chamber ring
928 mould unit
938 mould components
940 mould plate
958 guide vertebra
960 mold member flow channel
996 throttle pin
1028 die unit
1038 die member
1040 die plate
1050 annular channel section
1058 guide vertebra
1060 die member flow passage
1082 slide Chamber
1084 slide hole
1096 slide bar
1098 sliding element
1126 pressure regulating device
1128 mould unit
1130 base member
1138 mold member
1140 mould plate
1146 flow channel
1150 annular channel segment
1154 centring pin
1156 taper fastening screw
1158 guide vertebrae
1160 mold member flow channel
1194 the pivoting axis
1196 adjusting screw
1198 throttling element
1228 mould unit
1238 mould member
1260 mold member flow channel
1284 slider hole
1296 slider adjusting device
1298 sliding element
1328 die unit
1338 mould component
1340 mould plate
1342 die orifice
1350 annular channel segment
1354 centering pin
1358 guide vertebra
1360 mold member flow passage
1380 adjusting head
1382 regulating disk
1384 adjusting element
1386 adjusting disk hole
1428 die unit
1438 die component
1460 mold member flow channel
1482 adjusting disk
1484 threaded section
1486 adjusting element
1488 Worm
1490 adjusting disk hole
1500 control block diagram
1502 pressure sensor
1504 hot melt adhesive flow
1506 controller
1508 actuator
1510 pressure regulating device
1540 mould plate
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