阅读说明：本技术 一种垃圾与生物质气化-燃气锅炉系统与技术方法和能源利用系统与技术方法 (Garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system and technical method and energy utilization system and technical method ) 是由 陈晓辉 于 2019-03-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及垃圾与生物质气化-燃气锅炉系统及技术方法,具体是一种由气化剂发生与布气系统、密闭物料破碎干燥输送与布料系统、燃气空间、燃气栅与布气系统、燃烧空间、鼓风与布气系统、灰渣空间、密闭出渣系统和热能交换等功能空间和设备系统构成的垃圾与生物质气化-燃气锅炉系统,及利用中高温乏氧气化剂使物料在锅炉内实现高效气化反应产生热燃气,并完成燃气清洁高效燃烧,实现热能释放和交换的技术方法。其独特性包括,气化剂发生与布气系统产生和提供物料气化所需的中高温乏氧气化剂,并与密闭物料破碎干燥输送与布料系统共同提供物料与气化剂充分接触而发生气化反应所需的空间结构和流体力学条件,使物料在锅炉内完成高效气化和热燃气直接燃烧。(The invention relates to a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system and a technical method, in particular to a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system which is composed of a gasification agent generation and gas distribution system, a closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system, a gas space, a gas grid and gas distribution system, a combustion space, a blast and gas distribution system, an ash residue space, a closed slag tapping system, a heat energy exchange and other functional spaces and equipment systems, and a technical method for realizing efficient gasification reaction of materials in a boiler to generate hot gas by using a medium-high temperature hypoxic oxidant, completing clean and efficient combustion of the gas and realizing release and exchange of heat energy. The uniqueness of the system comprises that a gasification agent generation and gas distribution system generates and provides a medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant required by material gasification, and the gasification agent generation and gas distribution system and a closed material crushing, drying, conveying and material distribution system jointly provide a space structure and a hydromechanics condition required by the material and the gasification agent to be in full contact to generate gasification reaction, so that the material is subjected to efficient gasification and direct combustion of hot gas in a boiler.)

1. A high-efficiency garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system utilizes a medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant to realize high-efficiency gas combustion of materials in a boiler, and then completes heat energy release and exchange in a gas combustion mode; the peripheral equipment and the configuration are the same as or similar to the existing main types and scales of coal-fired boilers, and the working temperature range and the function of the heat energy absorption and exchange equipment or the steam-water system are also the same as or similar to the existing equipment. The method is characterized in that:

the hearth or the combustion system of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system consists of the following functional areas and equipment systems: the system comprises a gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1), a closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2), a gas space (3), a gas grid and gas distribution system (4), a combustion space (5), a blast and gas distribution system (6), an ash residue space (7), a closed slag tapping system (8) and a heat energy exchange system.

The gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) consists of a gasification agent generation device, a conveying pipeline and a gas distribution device, can effectively control the generation temperature, pressure, flow and component proportion, and generates a medium-high temperature hypoxic oxidant with the main components of carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and nitrogen (N2, and the content of the hypoxic oxidant is determined by the content of the nitrogen in the oxidant). Under the action of pressure difference, the medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant enters the boiler through the pipeline and the gas distribution device, is directly contacted with the materials from the closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) and generates a gas gasification reaction, and continuously generates hot combustion gas for combustion.

The closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) consists of a closed automatic feeding device and a material conveying device, is combined with the gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) to provide a required spatial structure and hydromechanical conditions for the contact and the gassification reaction of materials and medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant, realizes the continuous or intermittent conveying of the materials into a boiler through a material conveying bearing body under the air-tight condition, and directly contacts the medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant from the gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) in a specific material conveying and distribution mode including a fixed bed, a chain grate, a circulating fluidized bed or a combination thereof to generate the gassification reaction, and continuously generates hot combustion gas for combustion.

The gas space (3) collects and buffers hot gas generated in the gasification process, so that the hot gas passes through a gas grid and a gas distribution system (4) with the functions of dust suppression, heat storage and gas distribution. The hot gas enters a combustion space (5) through a gas grid and a gas distribution system (4), is fully mixed with air from a blast and gas distribution system (6) and is combusted to produce radiant heat and high-temperature tail gas which can be converted into steam.

After ash generated after the gasification of the materials is collected in the ash space (7), the ash is discharged out of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system in a continuous or intermittent mode through a closed slag discharging system (8) under the condition of being isolated from air.

The heat exchange or steam-water system of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system mainly comprises the following radiation heat exchanger, an economizer, a superheater, an air preheater and the like, and realizes the heat exchange to generate steam and the heat energy recycling.

According to the requirements of steam load, power generation load or other industrial application loads, the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system realizes material and heat energy balance of the boiler and a heat energy system and efficient conversion and utilization of energy by adjusting feeding amount, and cooperatively adjusting the temperature, flow, component proportion and the like of a gasification agent and the blast volume of hot gas combustion air.

2. The refuse and biomass gasification-gas fired boiler system according to claim 1 wherein: the system comprises a gasification agent generating and distributing system (1), a medium-high temperature spent oxygen agent generating device and a gasification agent distributing device, wherein the medium-high temperature spent oxygen agent generating device can generate and control medium-high temperature spent oxygen flue gas effectively according to the operation requirement and the gasification process requirement of a boiler system by utilizing internal or external energy sources, and the gasification agent distributing device provides the function of mixing medium-high temperature spent oxygen agents or carrying materials.

3. The refuse and biomass gasification-gas fired boiler system according to claim 1 wherein: the closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) provides a gas gasification reaction space structure and hydrodynamic conditions for the materials to be effectively and fully contacted with a medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant generated by the gasifying agent generating and distributing system (1), realizes the purpose that the materials enter a boiler in a material conveying and distributing mode comprising a fixed bed, a chain grate, a circulating fluidized bed or a combination thereof, and generates hot combustion gas through efficient gas gasification reaction under the action of the medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant.

4. Closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) according to claim 3, characterized in that: the device provides a space structure for conveying materials consisting of fragments, particles or powder and effectively and fully contacts a medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant generated by a gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1), fluid dynamic conditions and reaction time, realizes material conveying and material distribution modes such as a fixed bed, a chain grate, a circulating fluidized bed or a combination thereof, and completes efficient gasification reaction.

5. The closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) as claimed in claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: the gasification device is combined with a gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) and integrally forms a space structure and fluid dynamics conditions which provide that a medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant effectively enters a closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2), and gasification conditions are formed under which the medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant fully contacts with materials and generates a gasification reaction, so that the materials generate a high-efficiency gasification reaction.

6. The refuse and biomass gasification-gas fired boiler system according to claim 1 wherein:

the system comprises a gasification agent generating and distributing system (1), a medium-high temperature oxygen-lack oxidant generating device and a gasification agent distributing device, wherein the medium-high temperature oxygen-lack oxidant generating device is used for generating medium-high temperature oxygen-lack flue gas, the temperature, the flow rate, the component proportion and the like by utilizing internal or external energy sources and can effectively generate and control the medium-high temperature oxygen-lack flue gas according to the operation needs and the gasification process requirements of a boiler system, and the gasification agent distributing device has the functions of mixing a gasification agent with materials or carrying and.

The closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) effectively realizes that materials comprising fragments, particles or powder are added and conveyed into a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system under the condition of being isolated from air, and are combined with a gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) to jointly provide a spatial structure, a fluid dynamics condition and a gas gasification reaction gasification condition for effectively contacting and mixing a medium-high temperature oxygen-poor oxidant and the materials.

A gas space (3) which collects, buffers and stabilizes the gas produced by the continuous gasification.

The gas grid and gas distribution system (4) keeps incompletely gasified material particles in a space mixed with the gasifying agent, and improves the gasification rate and the carbon conversion rate; the particulate matter emission of tail gas is reduced by inhibiting the particulate matter in the fuel gas; absorbing and storing partial heat energy generated by gas combustion to establish and stabilize a gas combustion environment; and gas distribution beneficial to fully mixing hot gas and blast air is formed, and clean and efficient gas combustion of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system is realized.

The combustion space (5) provides sufficient mixing of hot gas and air and clean space required by high-efficient combustion, and can provide space for absorbing and converting and utilizing a radiant heat energy exchanger, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency.

The air blowing and distributing system (6) can adjust the primary air and the secondary air to control the combustion state of hot gas, the temperature of tail gas and the quantity of the tail gas according to the operation requirement of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system; air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen can also be used as the oxidant according to the operation requirement of the boiler system.

An ash space (7) which provides space and structural conditions for cooling and collecting ash produced after gasification of the material.

And the closed slag discharging system (8) effectively discharges ash and slag generated after the gasification of the materials out of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system in a continuous or intermittent mode under the condition of being isolated from air.

In a heat exchange or steam-water system of a waste and biomass gasification-gas boiler system, heat energy released by combustion of hot gas generated by material gasification is subjected to heat energy exchange through a radiation heat exchanger (such as a water wall), an economizer, a superheater, an air preheater and the like to generate required steam and hot water, so that the heat energy is recycled.

7. Rubbish and biomass gasification-gas boiler system and energy utilization system, its characterized in that includes: the waste and biomass gasification-gas fired boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gasifying agent generating and gas distributing system (1) is connected with the closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) to provide a medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant for the materials; the closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) is connected with the gas space (3) to provide materials for gasification; the gas space (3) is connected with the gas grid and the gas distribution system (4) to provide a hot gas buffer space; the gas grid and the gas distribution system (4) are connected with the combustion space (5) to provide gas for dust suppression, heat storage and combustion; the combustion space (5) is connected with a blast and gas distribution system (6) to provide space and oxidant (air, oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen) for clean combustion of hot gas; the heat exchange or steam-water system of the boiler is connected with the combustion space (5) and converts high-temperature heat energy generated and released by combustion of fuel gas into steam; the ash space (7) is connected with the gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) and used for collecting ash generated after the materials are gasified; the ash space (7) is connected with a closed slag discharging system (8) and used for collecting and discharging ash under a closed condition.

8. An energy utilization method using the waste and biomass gasification-gas boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the prepared materials in the state of fragments, particles or powder continuously or intermittently enter a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system in a proper amount through a closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) in a material conveying and distributing mode comprising a fixed bed, a chain grate, a circulating fluidized bed or a combination thereof, and are directly contacted and mixed with a medium-high temperature oxygen-poor oxidant generated by a gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1), so that the materials are subjected to high-efficiency gas gasification reaction under the action of the medium-high temperature oxygen-poor oxidant to generate hot combustion gas.

The hot gas enters the combustion space (5) after passing through the gas space (3) and the gas grid and gas distribution system (4), and is combusted with air (or oxygen-enriched and pure oxygen) from the blast and gas distribution system (6) to release heat energy and generate radiant heat and high-temperature tail gas.

The radiant heat and the high-temperature tail gas pass through a radiant heat exchanger, an economizer, a superheater, an air preheater and the like of a heat exchange or steam-water system, so that the steam and the heat energy required by the heat energy exchange are recycled.

The gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) can utilize an internal or external fuel source to generate the hypoxic flue gas with adjustable and controllable temperature, flow rate, component proportion and the like according to the requirements of gas gasification as a medium-high temperature hypoxic oxidant.

The medium-high temperature oxygen lack oxidant which can effectively control parameters such as temperature and the like generated by the gasifying agent generation and gas distribution system (1) is directly contacted and mixed with the materials conveyed by the closed material crushing, drying, conveying and material distribution system (2) to generate a gas gasification reaction.

The ash slag generated by the gas gasification reaction continuously carried out in the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system is collected in an ash slag space (7) and is discharged out of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system through a closed slag discharging system (8).

9. An energy utilization method using the waste and biomass gasification-gas boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the operation state of the system can be adjusted and controlled according to the application fields and the technological process of power generation, steam production and the like, namely the operation state of the system is controlled by coordinately controlling the feeding amount, medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant (temperature, flow, component proportion and the like) and the blast volume of the system, so that the high-temperature heat energy output amount of the system is controlled, and the high-temperature heat energy output of the system is flexibly and effectively controlled.

10. An energy utilization method using the waste and biomass gasification-gas boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system can realize efficient and sufficient combustion of hot gas by adjusting the blast and gas distribution system (6) under the given system load and operation state, and effectively control the gas combustion temperature, the tail gas discharge amount and the like; the energy efficiency, the system heat energy utilization efficiency and the nitrogen oxide and other pollutant emission reduction efficiency are effectively improved; the operation optimization control of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system and the clean and efficient energy utilization are realized.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system and a technical method, which realize clean and efficient energy utilization of garbage and biomass, in particular to a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system, a garbage and biomass energy utilization system and a garbage and biomass energy utilization technical method.

Background

A great amount of biomass materials such as garbage, straws and the like which are produced in cities and towns of various scales every year cause increasingly serious environmental problems and energy resource waste problems, and the existing garbage and biomass material treatment method and process have serious pollution discharge problems. Due to the complex sources and components of various urban wastes and biomasses and huge quantity, the increasingly serious 'refuse city enclosing' phenomenon and environmental protection problem are caused to cities and towns of various scales. The final treatment methods of garbage for a long time are garbage landfill and garbage incineration: the former needs to occupy a large amount of land, causes serious and even permanent pollution and damage to the atmosphere, soil and underground water, is limited by the land, natural environment and environment restoration capability, and is difficult to continue; the latter generates emission of fly ash, dioxin Young, a highly toxic substance and other pollutants in the process of waste incineration, and is increasingly and strongly objected and resisted by people, so that the emission is difficult to popularize. Both of the two garbage disposal methods can not realize effective clean disposal and eliminate the increasing urban garbage, but also cause serious atmospheric pollution and environmental damage, and waste of energy and resources; and due to the large amount of biomass materials such as straws and the like which are ubiquitous in rural areas and towns, the large-scale unorganized incineration and the waste of energy resources are caused.

Compared with biomass materials such as straws and the like, the municipal domestic waste comprises various materials such as plastics and the like, the components are complex, the garbage state and the contained heat value are different, and the treatment method and the corresponding energy recycling difficulty are higher. Due to the problems and limitations of landfill disposal, the garbage materials which are difficult to be further classified and recycled can only be subjected to decrement treatment by a garbage incineration method to solve the problem of 'surrounding cities' of the garbage and realize energy utilization. However, as the waste generally contains complex components such as plastics and has a low calorific value, the waste can achieve the purposes of reducing the amount of the waste and generating heat through the 'strong oxidation' process of the conventional waste incineration treatment, but the direct incineration treatment of the waste can generate toxic substances such as dioxin Young and other secondary pollutants such as nitrogen oxide (NOx), so that the problem of serious secondary pollution is caused, the 'neighbor effect' is caused in the public, and the solution of the problem of urban waste is seriously influenced.

Currently, gasification has become a method for the reduction of waste and biomass materials and the utilization of energy. However, because the conventional garbage gasification technology adopts a traditional combustion-semi-combustion method, a strong oxidation process of garbage combustion still exists in the gasification process, and although the purposes of garbage reduction and gasification can be achieved, toxic substances dioxin Young and other gas pollutants are still generated at the same time, so that the problem of garbage pollution treatment cannot be completely solved; the existing biomass gasification technology adopting the same method has the problems of efficiency and pollution, and also has higher requirements on the pretreatment and processing of biomass materials, so that the large-scale application of the biomass materials is limited.

The existing garbage and biomass treatment and utilization technology and characteristics

In addition to direct returning of biomass materials such as landfill and straw to the field, direct incineration is the simplest and most basic way for processing and utilizing garbage and biomass, and is also a way generally adopted at present. However, because the material and material characteristics of the garbage and the biomass have the characteristics of wide variation range, low calorific value and the like, the existing garbage and biomass incineration system has the problems of simple equipment, low energy efficiency, obvious emission of atmospheric pollution, generation of toxic dioxin Young and other gas pollutants and the like, and belongs to the garbage treatment method and technology which should be eliminated.

The clean and efficient gasification of garbage and biomass is an effective method and development direction for realizing the reduction treatment of garbage and biomass, but can only solve the problem in the aspect of environment; and the energy utilization of garbage and biomass can be realized only by a gas clean utilization technology and a gas clean utilization system. The existing garbage and biomass gasification and the device and the technology thereof are developed from the original Lurgi furnace technical principle and the basic device structure on the basis of the existing coal gasification technology, but the existing garbage and biomass gasification and the device and the technology thereof are not popularized in reality. Generally, the pressure of a gasification device can be classified into normal pressure gasification and pressurized gasification; the gasification temperature can be classified into low-temperature gasification, medium-temperature gasification and high-temperature gasification; the heating mode can be classified into internal heating type gasification and external heating type gasification; the moving state of the garbage material in the gasification furnace can be classified into a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and an entrained flow bed; the oxidant adopted by garbage gasification can be classified into air, oxygen-enriched oxygen and pure oxygen; the gas output position of the gasification device can be classified into one-stage type, two-stage type, etc.

The existing garbage and biomass gasification technology and device can be a combination of various classification characteristics, such as an atmospheric fixed bed intermittent garbage gasification technology, an atmospheric fixed bed garbage oxygen-enriched continuous gasification technology, a Lurgi fixed bed garbage pressurized gasification technology, a fluidized bed garbage gasification technology, a two-stage garbage pressurized gasification technology and the like, but the gasification technology and system can only partially realize reduction treatment of garbage and biomass, and another fuel gas combustion technology link and system are needed to convert the generated fuel gas into heat energy or secondary energy, so that clean and efficient utilization of the fuel gas is realized.

The garbage and biomass gasification technology only completes the garbage reduction treatment and the gasification function of the material containing carbon and hydrogen, and is different from the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler technology of the invention; similarly, the garbage and biomass incineration technology belongs to different garbage reduction treatment and energy utilization technologies than the technology of the invention. However, the existing garbage and biomass gasification technology and the incineration technology have the same or similar garbage and biomass material movement mode as the invention. Different technologies are summarized through three motion modes of materials in a gasification furnace or an incinerator, and the functions and the effects of the gasification device, particularly the composition, the functions and the effects of a gasification agent, are comprehensively compared from the aspects of gasification of garbage and biomass materials, heat energy utilization and the like; and the function and function of the garbage and biomass incinerator.

1. Fixed bed:

the fixed bed garbage and biomass gasification furnace or incinerator is provided with a grate at the lower part for supporting the fixed garbage and biomass material layer on the fixed bed garbage and biomass gasification furnace or incinerator. Usually, the material is fed from the top of the gasifier through a closed feeding device, and the gasifying agent (oxygen or air and water vapor) is fed from the lower part of the grate, forming a counter-current flow between the gas and the solid. The gasifying agent enters a garbage and biomass gasification furnace, and oxygen in the gasifying agent and the material at the bottom are combusted to generate heat energy required by material gasification; by controlling the amount of the gasifying agent entering the garbage gasifying furnace, a combustion-semi-combustion layer is formed and maintained at the bottom, and continuous dry distillation and gasification reaction of the material layer above the combustion-semi-combustion layer are realized. The garbage and biomass gasification technology has the characteristics of simple technology and furnace body structure, normal pressure or pressurization gasification, but has the problems of dioxin Young toxic substance emission, small garbage treatment amount per unit volume, low efficiency, serious pollution, difficult large-scale and the like. Garbage and biomass incinerators, which use the same or similar methods, have the same problems of pollutant emission and energy efficiency as gasifiers.

2. A grate furnace:

the grate furnace garbage and biomass gasification furnace (or incinerator) continuously conveys garbage into the gasification furnace (or incinerator) by rotating the grate, and gasification agents (oxygen or air and water vapor) (or oxidizing agents) are introduced from the lower part and the side surface of the grate to form gas-solid flow of garbage, biomass materials and the gasification agents (or oxidizing agents). Oxygen in the gasifying agent (or oxidant) and garbage and biomass materials on the grate are combusted to generate heat energy required by gasification; by controlling the amount of the gasifying agent entering the gasifying furnace, a combustion-semi-combustion layer (or full combustion) of the garbage and the biomass material is formed and maintained at the bottom, and the continuous dry distillation and gasification reaction (or oxidation reaction) of the garbage and the biomass material layer above the combustion-semi-combustion layer are realized. The gasification (or incineration) technology of the garbage and the biomass material has the characteristics of simple technology and furnace body structure, normal pressure or pressurization gasification (or incineration), large treatment capacity and large scale of continuous feeding and the garbage and the biomass material, low gasification and heat energy utilization efficiency, serious pollution emission and generation of toxic substance dioxa Young.

3. Fluidized bed:

the fluidized bed garbage and biomass gasification furnace (or incinerator) adds garbage materials into the furnace in a transmission conveying mode, the garbage and biomass materials are supplied on a fluidized bed dispersion plate, and a gasification agent (oxygen and water vapor) (an oxidant) is fed from the lower part of the dispersion plate, so that the garbage materials are combusted with the oxygen in the gasification agent (the oxidant) in a suspension state, and the heat energy required by the gasification of the garbage and the biomass is generated to realize the dry distillation and gasification (or oxidation) of the materials; the quantity of the gasification agent entering the gasification furnace is controlled and maintained, the combustion-semi-combustion state of the combustion layer is controlled and maintained, heat energy required by gasification is generated, and continuous dry distillation and gasification reaction (or oxidation reaction) of the garbage and the biomass material in the gasification furnace are realized. Compared with a fixed bed gasification furnace, the fluidized bed gasification furnace has large treatment capacity and large scale of garbage and biomass materials, can be used for normal pressure or pressure gasification (or incineration), but still has the serious problems of low gasification and heat energy utilization efficiency and generation of pollutants such as toxic substances dioxin Young, nitrogen oxides and the like.

The comprehensive comparison and analysis of the existing garbage and biomass gasification or incineration technology and the working principle thereof can conclude that no matter the existing normal-pressure or pressurized garbage and biomass gasification technology or incineration technology, a gasifying agent (or an oxidizing agent) consisting of air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen and water vapor is directly added into a garbage and biomass gasification furnace (or an incinerator), and oxygen in the gasifying agent (or the oxidizing agent) is utilized to combust with a part of garbage materials in the garbage gasification furnace to produce the temperature and heat (or complete combustion) required by cracking and gasifying the rest garbage materials. The combustion-semi-combustion (or complete combustion) state of the combustion layer of the garbage and the biomass material is controlled by controlling the amount of the oxidant entering the gasification furnace, so that the gasification (or incineration) of the garbage material is realized and completed. Therefore, the existing waste and biomass gasification (or incineration) technology and gasification (or incineration) device have the following three main disadvantages:

1) the combustion or combustion-semi-combustion (or complete combustion) process of the garbage materials with complex components and oxygen in a gasifying agent (or an oxidant) in a garbage and biomass gasification furnace (or an incinerator) is a strong oxidation process, generates highly toxic substances dioxin Young, nitrogen oxides and other gas pollutants, and has a serious problem of emission of harmful gases and atmospheric pollutants;

2) the problems of low energy efficiency and pollution discharge including dioxan Young caused by excessively high and low non-uniform gasification temperature distribution of garbage and biomass materials in the gasification (or oxidation) process of a gasification furnace (or incineration), particularly the problems of energy efficiency and tar pollution discharge of the normal-pressure fixed bed garbage and biomass gasification technology which takes air as an oxidant are serious;

3) the operation state and gasification efficiency of the garbage and biomass gasification furnace are controlled by controlling the oxidation entering the furnace

The dosage is realized by adjusting and controlling the combustion-semi-combustion state and the gasification temperature of the garbage material combustion layer. However, due to characteristics of the waste material such as material and calorific value, it is difficult to achieve effective regulation and control, resulting in low gasification efficiency and energy efficiency of the gasification furnace.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a boiler equipment system and a technical method which have high gasification efficiency, energy efficiency and heat energy utilization rate of garbage and biomass materials, do not produce dioxin Young which is a highly toxic substance, have low emission of nitrogen oxides and other gaseous pollutants and effectively realize the gasification and combustion of the garbage and the biomass materials; the problems of pollutant emission, gasification efficiency, gasification control and the like of dioxan Young and the like in the existing garbage and biomass material treatment and energy utilization process are effectively solved, the garbage and biomass material pretreatment process and equipment system are simplified, and the equipment investment and operation cost are reduced. The method is suitable for various wastes and biomass materials containing carbon and hydrogen components, and has no strict requirements on material density and state; in order to facilitate drying and transport of the waste and biomass material within the gasification-gas boiler system, the waste and biomass material generally need only be subjected to a substantial crushing process. On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system and the technical method, an energy efficient utilization system and an energy utilization method of garbage and biomass materials are formed, and clean efficient gasification and efficient combustion utilization of the garbage and biomass materials are realized.

In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system and an energy utilization method are characterized in that a gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) is connected with a closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) to provide a medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant for materials; the closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) is connected with the gas space (3) to provide materials for gasification; the gas space (3) is connected with the gas grid and the gas distribution system (4) to provide a gas buffer space; the gas grid and the gas distribution system (4) are connected with the combustion space (5) to provide gas for dust suppression, heat storage and combustion; the combustion space (5) is connected with a blast and gas distribution system (6) to provide space and air (or oxygen-enriched and pure oxygen) for clean combustion of fuel gas; the heat exchange or steam-water system is connected with the combustion space (5) to realize the heat energy conversion of the high-temperature tail gas and generate steam; the ash space (7) is connected with the gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) and used for collecting ash generated after the materials are gasified; the ash space (7) is connected with a closed slag discharging system (8) and used for collecting and discharging ash under a closed condition.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the gasification agent generation and gas distribution system (1) is a medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant generation device and a gasification agent gas distribution device which can effectively generate and control the temperature, the flow and the component proportion by utilizing internal or external energy according to the operation requirement of the boiler system, the material property and the gasification process requirement.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) effectively realizes that materials with different material characteristics, such as fragments, particles or powder, are added and conveyed into the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system in a material conveying and distributing mode of a suitable fixed bed, a chain grate, a circulating fluidized bed or a combination thereof under the condition of being isolated from air, and effectively contacts and mixes the medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant and the materials under the space structure, the fluid dynamics condition and the gasification condition of the gasification reaction formed by the combination of the gasification agent generation and the gas distribution system (1), so that efficient gasification is realized.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the gas space (3) collects, buffers and stabilizes hot gas generated by continuous gasification of materials.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the gas grid and the gas distribution system (4) limit incompletely gasified material particles in a space mixed with a gasification agent, so that the gasification rate and the carbon conversion rate are improved; the particulate matter emission of tail gas is reduced by inhibiting the particulate matter in the fuel gas; absorbing and storing partial heat energy generated by gas combustion to establish and stabilize a gas combustion environment; the gas distribution and flowing state which is beneficial to the full mixing of the gas and the blast air is formed, and the clean and efficient gas combustion of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system is realized.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the combustion space (5) provides a space and a gas flowing state for fully mixing gas and air and efficiently burning, and can provide a space for absorbing and converting a radiant heat energy exchanger, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the boiler heat exchange or steam-water system operation is realized by carrying out heat energy conversion on high-temperature tail gas in the combustion space (5) to generate steam.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the air blowing and gas distribution system (6) can control the combustion state of gas, the temperature of tail gas and the quantity of tail gas by adjusting primary air and secondary air according to the operation requirements of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system, and optimize the combustion of gas and the operation of the system; oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen can also be used as the oxidant according to the operation requirement of the boiler system.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the ash slag space (7) provides space and structural conditions for cooling and collecting ash slag generated after materials are gasified.

On the basis of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system, the closed slag discharging system (8) effectively realizes that ash and slag generated after the materials are gasified are discharged out of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system under the condition of being isolated from air.

The operation steps and the process flow of the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and the energy utilization system are as follows:

step 1, starting an equipment system under the conditions of empty load of a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and no material in the boiler, and properly supplying air by an air blowing and air distributing system (6); preheating garbage and a biomass gasification-gas boiler system by using external energy such as natural gas or LNG, establishing an ignition torch in a combustion space (5), starting and preheating a medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant generating device, and starting to generate a medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant;

step 2, after the boiler system reaches the preheating temperature and the medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant generating device enters a stable working state and starts to generate the medium-high temperature oxygen-depleted oxidant, starting the closed material crushing, drying, conveying and distributing system (2) and starting to convey materials into the boiler; under the action of a medium-high temperature oxygen-deficient oxidant, the material generates a gas gasification reaction and generates hot combustion gas; under the ignition effect of the ignition torch, the hot combustion gas is ignited in the combustion space (5) and gradually forms stable combustion;

step 3, after the hot combustion gas forms stable combustion in the combustion space (5), gradually shutting down the ignition torch, and enabling the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system to enter a stable operation state; all hot gas generated by material gasification is continuously and stably combusted in the combustion space (5), and heat energy is released to generate high-temperature tail gas; the heat exchange system converts the high-temperature tail gas into steam;

step 4, regulating the gasification amount of the fuel gas by coordinately controlling the feeding amount of the material and the generation amount of the gasification agent in the normal operation process of the garbage and biomass gasification-fuel gas boiler system; the gas combustion and tail gas emission states are controlled and adjusted by adjusting the blast volume; the heat exchange and slag discharging system normally operates, and the garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler system maintains continuous and stable operation.

The waste and biomass gasification-gas boiler and energy utilization system can effectively control medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant by utilizing internal or external energy, such as temperature, component proportion and the like generated by clean and efficient combustion of gas fuel; the materials are subjected to a gas gasification reaction under the action of a medium-high temperature oxygen-poor oxidant to generate hot combustion gas, and the low-excess air gas combustion is directly completed under the action of an oxidant (primary air and secondary air) in a combustion space (5), so that the combustion efficiency, the energy utilization rate and the overall system thermal efficiency are remarkably improved, and the high-efficiency utilization of energy is realized.

The garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and energy utilization system realizes effective control and optimization of gasification conditions and processes of materials by using the medium-high temperature oxygen-lacking oxidant, reduces generation and emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, particulate matters, tar and the like to the maximum extent, and realizes clean utilization of energy.

The waste and biomass gasification-gas boiler and energy utilization system changes the working principle and equipment system structure of the existing waste or biomass incineration boiler system, omits or simplifies the preparation process of relevant auxiliary equipment and materials, and reduces the operation cost of the boiler equipment system, the investment of pollutant emission reduction equipment and the operation cost of the emission reduction equipment.

Drawings

The invention has the following drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and an energy utilization system.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention comprises two parts of a garbage and biomass gasification-gas boiler and an energy utilization system and a process technical method.

The system structure of the waste and biomass gasification-gas boiler and energy utilization system according to the present invention is shown in fig. 1 (the structural schematic diagram of the waste and biomass gasification-gas boiler and energy utilization system according to the present invention is not shown and the device system, implementation, technical method, etc., which are not described in detail, are known and adopted by the skilled engineers in the art, and other related auxiliary units, structures, devices, systems, process technologies, flows, etc.), and can meet the requirements of various applications, functions, costs, etc., and has various specific implementation modes, including: