阅读说明：本技术 一种天线单元及一种滤波天线阵列 (Antenna unit and filtering antenna array ) 是由 刘祥龙 薛团结 张关喜 沈龙 于 2019-03-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请实施例公开了一种天线单元及一种由该天线单元组成的滤波天线阵列,涉及天线技术领域,可以实现天线单元的小型化,从而在保证天线单元隔离度性能、方向图性能的前提下提高滤波天线阵列的集成度。本申请通过在天线单元阵子臂末端设置弯折延伸部,将水平流动的电流成功新引导为非水平流动,实现了天线单元水平尺寸的大幅缩减,实现小型化,从而可以减小由该天线单元组成的滤波天线阵列的横向尺寸。(The embodiment of the application discloses an antenna unit and a filter antenna array composed of the antenna unit, relates to the technical field of antennas, and can realize miniaturization of the antenna unit, so that the integration level of the filter antenna array is improved on the premise of ensuring the isolation performance and the direction diagram performance of the antenna unit. This application is through setting up the extension of buckling at antenna element array sub-arm end, and the electric current that flows with the level successfully guides newly for non-horizontal flow, has realized reducing by a wide margin of antenna element horizontal dimension, realizes the miniaturization to can reduce the transverse dimension of the filter antenna array who comprises this antenna element.)

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that the antenna unit comprises:

the dielectric plate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;

the array sub-unit comprises a first array arm and a second array arm which are arranged in a cross manner, the first array arm and the second array arm respectively comprise two parts, the first part of the first array arm and the first part of the second array arm are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate in a cross manner, the second part of the first array arm is an extension part of the first array arm, and the second part of the first array arm penetrates through the dielectric plate and extends in a direction perpendicular to the second surface; the second part of the second array of sub-arms is an extension part of the first part of the second array of sub-arms, and the second part of the second array of sub-arms penetrates through the dielectric plate and extends towards the first direction; wherein the first direction is not parallel to the dielectric plate;

a power feed comprising first and second ends of opposing devices; a first end of the feed is coupled to the first portion of the first array sub-arm and the first portion of the second array sub-arm.

2. The antenna unit of claim 1,

the first portion of the first array arm and the first portion of the second array arm shape comprise any of: sheet, ring, and column.

3. The antenna element of claim 2, wherein the second portion of the first array of sub-arms and the second portion of the second array of sub-arms comprise any of the following structures: planar structure, curved surface structure, plane of buckling structure.

4. An antenna element according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the second portion of the first array arm and the second portion of the second array arm further comprise an extension extending in a second direction along the first direction; wherein the second direction is not parallel to the first direction.

5. An antenna element according to claim 4, wherein the second part of the first array of sub-arms and the second part of the second array of sub-arms are provided with slots.

6. The antenna unit of claim 5, wherein the shape of the slot provided by the second portion of the first array of sub-arms and the second portion of the second array of sub-arms comprises any of: straight line shape, curve shape and fold line shape.

7. The antenna element of claim 6, wherein the slot has a length/:wherein λ is the wavelength of the wireless wave, and a is a preset error threshold.

8. The antenna element according to any of claims 1-7, wherein said feed means is a balun feed means; the balun feed device comprises at least one PCB substrate, and the balun device and the feed device are arranged on the at least one PCB substrate;

the balun device is a first microstrip line arranged on the PCB substrate, and the feed device is a second microstrip line arranged on the PCB substrate.

9. The antenna element according to claim 8, wherein said balun feed means comprises two crisscrossed PCB substrates; the two criss-cross PCB substrates penetrate through the dielectric plate, the second part of the first array sub-arm and the second part of the second array sub-arm, and are coupled with the first part of the first array sub-arm and the first part of the second array sub-arm.

10. An antenna element according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the first microstrip line is constituted by a double-layer metal collar.

11. The antenna unit of any one of claims 1-10, further comprising: and the metal frame is arranged around the first array arm and the second array arm.

12. The antenna unit of claim 11, wherein the dielectric plate is a PCB substrate and the dielectric plate is square.

13. A filtered antenna array comprising at least two antenna elements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, and a metal reflector plate;

wherein each of the antenna elements is coupled to the metal reflector plate.

14. An antenna array according to claim 13 wherein each of the antenna elements comprises a dielectric substrate; the medium bottom plate is connected with the feeding device through a second end of the feeding device;

each of the antenna elements is coupled to the metal reflector plate through the dielectric backplane.

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a miniaturized antenna unit and a filter antenna array composed of the same.

Background

With the development of the mobile internet and the internet of things, and the development trend of the mobile communication technology, such as larger bandwidth, higher speed, lower power consumption and shorter time delay, the mobile communication system is facing the demand of highly centralizing the circuit function modules, and in addition, the demand of the mobile communication system for high capacity will be higher and higher in the future, which will inevitably bring about a sharp increase in the number of system channels, and with that, the number of antenna ports will continuously increase.

However, future wireless stations are certainly increasingly scarce, which requires higher and higher integration of antennas.

Therefore, it is an urgent problem to reduce the size of the antenna while improving the performance of the antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides an antenna unit and a filter antenna array, which can solve the problems of great deterioration of isolation between antenna ports and serious distortion of a directional diagram caused by improving integration level through an encryption antenna radiation unit in the prior art, and the problem of unsatisfactory integration effect.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

in a first aspect, an antenna unit is provided, the antenna unit comprising: the array unit comprises a dielectric plate, an array subunit and a feed device; the dielectric plate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged; the array sub-unit comprises a first array arm and a second array arm which are arranged in a cross manner, the first array arm and the second array arm respectively comprise two parts, the first part of the first array arm and the first part of the second array arm are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate in a cross manner, the second part of the first array arm is an extension part of the first array arm, and the extension part penetrates through the dielectric plate and extends towards the direction vertical to the second surface; the second part of the second array sub-arm is an extension part of the first part of the second array sub-arm and penetrates through the dielectric plate to extend towards the first direction; wherein the first direction is not parallel to the dielectric plate; the power feeding device comprises a first end and a second end of the opposite equipment; the first end of the feed is coupled to the first portion of the first array sub-arm and the first portion of the second array sub-arm.

In the antenna unit provided by the first aspect, the bent extension part is arranged at the tail end of the antenna sub-arm, so that the flow direction of current is redirected, namely the current is changed from the original horizontal flow to the current in other directions, the horizontal size of the antenna unit is greatly reduced, the miniaturization is realized, and the transverse size of an antenna array formed by the antenna unit can be reduced; in addition, the arrangement of the bending extension part can ensure the effectiveness of current guiding of the array sub-arm, and meanwhile, the original bandwidth can be well kept.

In one possible implementation, the first portion of the first array arm and the first portion of the second array arm shape comprises any one of: sheet, ring, and column. Through the array sub-arm (for example slice, cyclic annular, column) end at arbitrary structure setting extension of buckling, all can realize the technological effect that this application array sub-arm extension will reach, realize the successful new guide of electric current flow direction promptly, realize the miniaturization by a wide margin of antenna element size, guarantee its validity to array sub-arm electric current guide simultaneously, also can be better simultaneously keep original bandwidth.

In one possible implementation, the second portion of the first array arm and the second portion of the second array arm comprise any one of the following structures: planar structure, curved surface structure, plane of buckling structure. The antenna unit can support the bending extension part (such as a plane structure, an arc surface structure, an L-shaped surface structure, a V-shaped surface structure and a W-shaped surface structure) with any structure, successful new guiding of current flowing direction is achieved, the size of the antenna unit is greatly miniaturized, the effectiveness of current guiding of the array sub-arm is guaranteed, and meanwhile the original bandwidth can be well maintained.

In one possible implementation, the second portion of the first array arm and the second portion of the second array arm may further include an extension extending in the first direction to the second direction; wherein the second direction is not parallel to the first direction. The antenna unit can support the extension part which is bent for a plurality of times (for example, the extension part extends towards the direction vertical to the dielectric plate firstly, and then is bent and extended towards the direction parallel to the dielectric plate again), so that the successful new guide of the current flow direction is realized, the great miniaturization of the size of the antenna unit is realized, the effectiveness of the antenna unit on the current guide of the array sub-arm is ensured, and the original bandwidth can be well maintained.

In one possible implementation, the second portion of the first array arm and the second portion of the second array arm are provided with slits. The impedance matching of the array can be destroyed in the suppression frequency band by arranging the gap at the bending extension part at the tail end of the array arm (namely the second part of the array arm), and in addition, the gap can reduce the radiation effect of the antenna unit in the suppression frequency band due to the fact that the resonance generates reverse radiation current around the gap, so that the effect of field decoupling is achieved, and the better filtering characteristic is realized.

In one possible implementation, the shape of the slit provided by the second part of the first array arm and the second part of the second array arm includes any one of the following: straight line shape, curve shape and fold line shape. The antenna element can support a slot (such as a straight line, a curved line or a broken line) with any shape and structure on the bent extension part (i.e. the second part of the array sub-arm), and the filtering characteristic of the slot is achieved.

In one possible implementation, the length l of the slot satisfies:

wherein λ is the wavelength of the wireless wave, and a is a preset error threshold. The length of the slot is equivalent to a half wavelength, and the slot on the bending extension part of the antenna arm is preferably used as the slot, so that the filtering effect is better.

In one possible implementation, the power supply device is a balun power supply device; the balun feed device comprises at least one PCB substrate, and the balun device and the feed device are arranged on the at least one PCB substrate; the balun device is a first microstrip line arranged on the PCB substrate, and the feed device is a second microstrip line arranged on the PCB substrate. The antenna radiating elements are fed by feeding means on a PCB printed balun feed, impedance transformation is provided for balanced/unbalanced lines by the balun means, and unbalanced to balanced conversion of some antenna feeds is achieved.

In a possible implementation, the first end of the feeding device is connected with the array sub-arms arranged on the dielectric plate through the feeding port. The feeding device realizes feeding to the array sub-arm through the feeding port.

In one possible implementation, the balun feed device comprises two criss-cross PCB substrates; the two criss-cross PCB substrates penetrate through the dielectric plate, the second part of the first array sub-arm and the second part of the second array sub-arm, and are coupled with the first part of the first array sub-arm and the first part of the second array sub-arm. The balun feed device formed by the two crisscross PCB substrates can achieve the feed purpose and the balance conversion purpose which are achieved by the balun feed device.

In one possible implementation, the first microstrip line is formed by a double-layer metal collar. The aim of inhibiting the radiation of the array is fulfilled by utilizing the resonance characteristic of the double-layer metal lantern ring and destroying the impedance matching of the array in the frequency band to be inhibited; in addition, extremely high frequency selectivity can be achieved due to the high resonance characteristics of the double-layer metal collar.

In one possible implementation, the antenna unit further includes: a metal frame disposed around the first array arm and the second array arm. The isolation between the antenna units in the antenna array can be better improved through the arrangement of the metal frame, and the directional diagram in the antenna array can be better improved.

In one possible implementation manner, the dielectric board is a PCB substrate, and the dielectric board is square. Any possible implementation manner can achieve the effects of the corresponding possible implementation manner for the medium plate with any shape, material and structure.

In a second aspect, a filter antenna array is provided, where the filter antenna array includes at least two antenna units of any one of the first aspects, and a metal reflector plate; wherein each antenna element is coupled to the metal reflector plate.

The filter antenna array provided in the second aspect is an antenna array formed by arranging antenna units in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, so that higher integration level can be achieved, and requirements such as array element spacing, radiation performance and isolation can be met.

In one possible implementation, each antenna unit includes a dielectric substrate; the medium bottom plate is connected with the feeding device through the second end of the feeding device; each antenna element is coupled to a metal reflector plate through the dielectric backplane. Each antenna unit is coupled to the metal reflecting plate through the dielectric bottom plate to form the filter antenna array, so that the filter antenna array is simple in structure and convenient to implement.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an encryption antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmit/receive separation antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a bent antenna arm according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a possible antenna arm structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a block diagram of an antenna unit including a loop antenna arm according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit provided with a slot in an antenna arm extension according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a balun feed antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a metal frame according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a structural diagram of an antenna unit including a dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a top view of a filter antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison between antenna integration effects according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a simulation curve of the isolation varying with the antenna unit spacing according to the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13 is a comparison graph of the antenna isolation effect provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating a contrast of antenna element isolation according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 15 is a comparison diagram of the wave width of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be described in further detail below.

In the following, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

Further, in the present application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined with respect to a schematically-disposed orientation of components in the drawings, and it is to be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts that are used for descriptive and clarity purposes and that will vary accordingly with respect to the orientation in which the components are disposed in the drawings.

Hereinafter, terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application are explained.

Antenna array: in order to be suitable for application in various occasions, two or more than two single antenna units working at the same frequency are fed and spatially arranged according to certain requirements to form an antenna system, also called an antenna array. The radiation field of the antenna array is the vector sum of the radiation fields of the antenna elements, and the characteristics of the radiation field depend on the type, the position, the arrangement mode, the excitation amplitude and the phase position of the antenna elements.

An antenna unit: the antenna radiating elements that make up the antenna array may also be referred to as array elements.

Directional diagram of the antenna array: equal to the product of the directional pattern of the antenna unit and the directional pattern of the antenna array.

The array mode of the antenna array: the array mode of the antenna array can be divided into a linear array, a planar array and a three-dimensional array according to the array mode of the antenna units; according to the direction of the radiation pattern, a side-emitting array, an end-emitting array and a non-side-emitting non-end-emitting array can be divided.

Linear array: the centers of the antenna units of the antenna array are respectively arranged on a straight line.

Planar array: the centers of the antenna units of the antenna array are respectively arranged on a plane.

Three-dimensional array: the centers of the antenna units of the antenna array are respectively arranged on the non-planar conformal surface.

Edge-emitting array: the maximum radiation direction of the antenna array is vertical to the array line or the array plane.

End-fire array: the maximum radiation direction of the antenna array is along the array line or the array plane.

A binary array: refers to an antenna array consisting of two antenna elements.

The common antenna array is composed of multiple similar elements, wherein the similar elements refer to the same type, size and structure of the array elements.

Coupling: refers to the phenomenon that two or more circuit elements or inputs and outputs of an electrical network have a close fit and interaction, and transfer energy from one side to the other side through the interaction.

Beam width: the method comprises the following steps of dividing the beam width into a horizontal beam width and a vertical beam width, wherein the horizontal beam width is an included angle of two directions, in the horizontal direction, on two sides of the maximum radiation direction, the radiation power is reduced by 3 dB; the vertical beam width is an included angle of two directions in which the radiation power is reduced by 3dB on two sides of the maximum radiation direction in the vertical direction.

Generally, in order to improve the integration of the antenna, a method of arranging antenna radiation units in an encrypted manner is adopted. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an encryption antenna array. The antenna array 100 at least includes two antenna units 110 for transmitting radio signals or at least includes two antenna units 120 for receiving radio signals arranged in the same row or the same column, as shown in (a) of fig. 1, a plurality of rows of antenna units 110 are arranged in a first region of the antenna array 100 for receiving signals, and a plurality of rows of antenna units 120 are arranged in the first region of the antenna array 100 for transmitting signals, wherein the antenna array 100 and the antenna units 120 are arranged in a third region where the first region and the second region intersect with each other in an intersecting manner, so that the antenna array 100 has a smaller size than the structure of the unencrypted arrangement shown in (b) of fig. 1, and at the same time, requirements of the antenna array on radio frequency front-end filters and duplexers can be reduced.

Or, in order to reduce the requirements of the antenna array on the radio frequency front-end filter and the duplexer, the transceiving separation characteristic of the antenna can be increased through transceiving separation, and the purpose benefit is realized. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmit/receive split antenna array. As shown in fig. 2, two antenna units 110 for transmitting radio signals are arranged in a first row of the antenna array 200, and two antenna units 120 for receiving radio signals are arranged in a second row of the antenna array 200, wherein the initial arrangement position of the antenna units 120 arranged in the second row of the antenna array 200 is the position of the second row and the second column, that is, the antenna units 110 and the antenna units 120 are arranged in a cross manner.

However, although the antenna array can be reduced in size in fig. 1 (b), the space for further high integration is limited because the conventional antenna radiation unit is large in size; in addition, the antenna arrays in fig. 1 (b) and fig. 2 may cause a large deterioration in the isolation between antenna ports and a severe distortion of the directional pattern, which may destroy the overall performance gain of the system.

Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides an antenna unit and a filter antenna array, and the antenna unit comprises a horizontal structure element unit and a non-horizontal structure element unit, so that current flowing through the antenna unit flows on a horizontal plane and a non-horizontal plane, the size of the antenna unit on the horizontal plane is greatly reduced, and miniaturization is realized; therefore, the size of the antenna array formed by arranging a plurality of antenna units is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the miniaturized antenna units can also be further arranged with support encryption to reduce the size of the antenna array, thereby reducing the requirements of the system on a radio frequency front-end filter and a duplexer.

Fig. 3 (a) is a side view of an antenna unit 300 including a bent antenna arm according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 3 (b) is an exploded view of an antenna unit 300 including a bent antenna arm according to an embodiment of the present application. The antenna unit 300 includes: a dielectric plate 310, an array unit 320 and a feeding device 330; wherein the dielectric plate 310 includes a first surface and a second surface oppositely disposed; the array sub-unit 320 comprises a first array arm 321 and a second array arm 322 which are arranged in a crisscross manner, the first array arm 321 and the second array arm 322 respectively comprise two parts, the first part of the first array arm and the first part of the second array arm are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate 310 in a crisscross manner, the second part of the first array arm is an extension part of the first array arm, and the extension part penetrates through the dielectric plate 310 and extends towards the first direction; wherein the first direction is not parallel to the dielectric plate; the second part of the second array of sub-arms is an extension part of the first part of the second array of sub-arms, and extends to the direction vertical to the second surface by penetrating through the dielectric plate 310; the feed 330 includes opposing device first and second ends 331 and 332; the first end 331 of the feed means 330 is coupled to the first part of the first array arm and the first part of the second array arm.

The second portion of the first array arm may include two extensions disposed at two ends of the first array arm 321, and the second portion of the second array arm may include two extensions disposed at two ends of the second array arm 322.

Note that fig. 3 only illustrates the first direction as a direction perpendicular to the dielectric sheet 310. In fact, the first direction may be any direction not parallel to the dielectric plate 310, for example: extends perpendicular to the dielectric plate 310 and extends at 60 deg. to the dielectric plate 310.

The miniaturization of the horizontal size of the antenna unit is realized by arranging the bending extension part at the tail end of the array sub-arm, so that the antenna unit is suitable for a scene with high integration level of an antenna array and high requirement on isolation, or an FDD (frequency division duplex) receiving and transmitting separated antenna system.

It should be noted that the feeding device 330 may be any structure and form of feeding device, for example: coaxial feeder, balun feeder, waveguide feeder.

It should be noted that the first end 331 of the feeding device 330 is coupled with the first portion of the first array arm and the first portion of the second array arm for coupling with the array sub-unit 320, so the structure shown in fig. 3 is only an example, the feeding device 330 may also be connected with other portions of the array sub-unit 320 to couple with the array sub-unit 320, and the specific structural relationship between the feeding device 330 and the array sub-unit 320 is not limited in this application.

It should be noted that, in fig. 3 and the antenna units in the following examples of the embodiment of the present application, the dielectric plate 310 is a square dielectric plate for example, and in fact, the dielectric plate 310 may also have other shapes, for example, a circle, a triangle, and an ellipse, which is not limited in the present application.

The dielectric plate 310 may be a PCB substrate, or may also be a dielectric plate of other media, which is not limited in this application.

In one possible configuration, the first end 331 of the feed means 330 is coupled to the first part of the first array sub-arm and the first part of the second array sub-arm via the feed port. The coupling of the feed means 330 to the array sub-elements 320 may be achieved by soldering, i.e. the first end 331 of the feed means 330 is soldered through the dielectric plate 310 to the first part of the first array arm and the first part of the second array arm through the feed port.

It should be noted that fig. 3 illustrates the second portion of the first array arm and the second portion of the second array arm (i.e. the extension portions of the first array arm and the extension portions of the second array arm) of the array subunit 320 as the extension portions of the L-shaped bending plane structure, and the extension portions may also be planar structures (as shown in (a1) and (a2) in fig. 4), curved surface structures, such as arc surface structures (as shown in (b1) and (b2) in fig. 4), bending surface structures, such as V-shaped surface structures (as shown in (c1) and (c2) in fig. 4), W-shaped surface structures (as shown in (d1) and (d2) in fig. 4), wherein the top views of (a2), (b2), (c2) and (d2) in fig. 4 are respectively taken along the horizontal broken lines (d1) in (a1), (b1), (c1) and (c1) in fig. 4. The second part of the first array arm and the second part of the second array arm of the array sub-unit 320 may also be in other structures, for example, a cylindrical structure, and the application is not limited thereto.

In one possible configuration, the second portion of the first array arm and the second portion of the second array arm further comprise an extension extending in a first direction to a second direction; wherein the second direction is not parallel to the first direction. As shown in (e1) and (e2) in fig. 4. For example, the dielectric sheet is first extended in a direction perpendicular to the dielectric sheet and then bent again in a direction parallel to the dielectric sheet.

It should be noted that fig. 3 and 4 are only examples, and in fact, the structures and shapes of the extending portions at the two ends of the same array arm may be the same or different, and similarly, the structures and shapes of the extending portions at the ends of different array arms may be the same or different, and the application is not limited thereto. As shown in fig. 4 (e1) and (e2), the two extensions at both ends of the array sub-arm are not identical in structure.

It should be noted that, in the present application, the number of times of bending the second portion of the first array sub-arm and the second portion of the second array sub-arm is not limited, and the extension portion may be extended by bending N times, where N is a positive integer.

It should be noted that fig. 3 and 4 are described by taking an extension portion as a solid structure, and the extension portion may also be a hollow structure or a mesh structure, for example: a rhombic net structure.

It should be noted that fig. 3 and 4 illustrate a dipole in which the first portion of the first array arm and the first portion of the second array arm of the array sub-unit 320 cross each other, and the structure in which the array arms have the extension portions is also applicable to array sub-units having any shape and structure, such as a sheet shape, a ring shape, and a column shape, and the present application is not limited thereto.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an antenna unit including a loop antenna arm according to an embodiment of the present application. The array sub-unit 320 of the antenna unit 300 includes a first array arm 321 and a second array arm 322, a first portion of the first array arm 321 and a first portion of the second array arm 322 are criss-cross ring structures similar to an "8", and a second portion of the first array arm 321 (i.e., an extension of two ends of the first array arm 321 in a direction perpendicular to the dielectric plate 310) and a second portion of the second array arm 322 (i.e., an extension of two ends of the second array arm 322 in a direction perpendicular to the dielectric plate 310) are both L-shaped surface structures.

Similarly, as mentioned above, the extension of the array arms of the array subunit 320 shown in fig. 5 can have other structures.

In one possible configuration, the second portion of the first array arm 321 and the second portion of the second array arm 322 of the array subunit 320 are provided with slits.

Exemplarily, as shown in fig. 6, a structure diagram of an antenna unit provided with a gap in an antenna arm extension portion is provided for an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 6 (a), the array sub-unit 320 of the antenna unit 300 includes a first array arm 321 and a second array arm 322, a first portion of the first array arm 321 and a first portion of the second array arm 322 are criss-cross ring-like structures shaped like an "8", and a second portion of the first array arm 321 (i.e., an extension of both ends of the first array arm 321 in a direction perpendicular to the dielectric plate 310) and a second portion of the second array arm 322 (i.e., an extension of both ends of the second array arm 322 in a direction perpendicular to the dielectric plate 310) are both L-shaped bending surface structures; a slit is provided on the L-shaped bending surface structure of the first array arm 321 and the L-shaped bending surface structure of the second array arm 322, and the slit may be provided on one of the bending surfaces on the L-shaped bending surface structure, as shown in fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b), and a slit similar to an "S" shape is provided on the first bending surface in the L-shaped bending surface structure; the slit can also be arranged on two bending surfaces as a complete slit, as shown in (c) in fig. 6 and (d) in fig. 6, and the slit which is similar to the S shape and is turned by 90 degrees is arranged on two bending surfaces through a bending line of the L-shaped bending surface structure; fig. 6 (d) is an expanded view of the L-shaped bending surface structure provided with the slit having a similar inverted 90 ° "S" shape.

It should be noted that, as for the slit arrangement in fig. 6 (c) and fig. 6 (d), the present application does not limit the distribution ratio of the slits in the L-shaped bending surface structure of the first bending surface and the second bending surface, and for example, the slits with the similar 90 ° "S" shape may also be distributed as shown in fig. 6 (e), that is, about 80% is distributed in the first bending surface and about 20% is distributed in the second bending surface.

Through the arrangement of the gap, good frequency selectivity can be realized, the performance requirement of a radio frequency front end on a filter or a duplexer can be shared, and extra system cost benefit is realized.

It should be noted that fig. 6 illustrates, as an example only, the second portion of the first array arm and the second portion of the second array arm in a possible configuration provided with a slit, which may be of any shape, including straight, curved, or dog-leg shapes, for example: the shape of "one", "I", "U", "V", "W" and "C" is not limited in this application.

In one possible configuration, the length l of the slits provided in the second portion of the first array arm and the second portion of the second array arm satisfies:

wherein λ is the wavelength of the radio wave, and a is a preset error threshold, that is, the length l of the slot is approximately equal to one half of the wavelength of the radio wave.

In one possible configuration, the feed 330 is a balun feed; the balun feed device 330 includes at least one PCB substrate, on which a balun device 333 and a feed device 334 are disposed; the balun device 333 is a first microstrip line disposed on the PCB substrate, and the feeding device 334 is a second microstrip line disposed on the PCB substrate.

The first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are arranged separately.

Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a balun feed antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 7, the balun feed device 330 includes two criss- cross PCB substrates 3301 and 3302, the balun device 333 (first microstrip line) is disposed on the PCB substrate 3301, and the feed device 334 (second microstrip line) is disposed on the PCB substrate 3302, where the balun device 333 (first microstrip line) is in an "L" shape, and the feed device 334 (second microstrip line) is in an "i" shape. The PCB base plate 3301 and the PCB base plate 3302 pass through the dielectric plate 310, the second portion (extension) of the first array arm 321 and the second portion (extension) of the second array arm 322, and are coupled to the first portion of the first array arm 321 and the first portion of the second array arm 322.

Feeding the antenna radiating element and the balanced switching of the antenna feed is achieved by the balun feed shown in fig. 7.

It should be noted that fig. 7 is only an example, and the shape of the PCB substrate of the power feeding device 334 is not limited in the present application, that is, the PCB substrate may have any shape such as a rectangle, a square, a triangle, etc.; in addition, if the power feeding device 334 includes two PCB substrates (for example, the structure shown in fig. 7), the crossing angle of the two PCB substrates is not limited in the present application, and may be a 90 ° cross, or a "V" cross at other angles.

It should be noted that, in the present application, the arrangement positions, specific shapes and sizes of the balun device 333 (first microstrip line) and the feeding device 334 (second microstrip line) are not limited, for example, the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line may also be arranged on the same PCB substrate independently; the shapes of the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line can also be any other straight line shape, curve shape and fold line shape, such as: "one" shape, "worker" shape, "U" shape, "V-arrangement", "W" shape, "S" shape.

It should be noted that fig. 7 is an example based on the array subunit having the structure shown in fig. 6, and in fact, the structure of the balun device 333 shown in fig. 7 is also applicable to the array subunit having any one of the structures shown in fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, and others.

In one possible configuration, the balun arrangement 333 (first microstrip line) is formed by a double-layer metal collar.

As described above, higher order filtering characteristics can be achieved by using a combination of a double-layered loop balun feed and a slotted antenna arm meander extension (i.e. the second part of the antenna arm).

In one possible configuration, the antenna unit 300 may further include: a metal frame 840 disposed around the first array arm 321 and the second array arm 322. As shown in fig. 8 (a) and (b), the metal frame 840 is a square metal frame without a bottom and a cover, and the metal frame 840 is disposed around the first array arm 321 and the second array arm 322.

The isolation between the antenna units in the antenna array can be better improved through the arrangement of the metal frame, and the directional diagram is better improved.

It should be noted that fig. 8 only exemplifies that the metal frame is a square body without a bottom and a cover, and in fact, the metal frame may have other shapes, for example, a cylinder without a bottom and a cover.

It should be noted that, the present application does not limit the relative distance between the metal frame 840 and the dielectric plate 310 and the first array arm 321 and the second array arm 322, and the specific distance setting may be determined according to specific situations.

Note that fig. 8 is merely an example based on the antenna unit having the structure shown in fig. 3, and in fact, the structure shown in fig. 8 in which the metal frame 840 is provided around the first array arm 321 and the second array arm 322 is also applicable to the antenna unit having any one of the structures shown in fig. 4, 5, 6, and others.

In one possible structure, as shown in fig. 9, a structure diagram of an antenna unit including a dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present application is provided. As shown in fig. 9, the antenna element 300 may further include a square dielectric substrate 950 coupled to the second end 332 of the feed 330.

It should be noted that fig. 9 only exemplifies that the dielectric substrate is a square, and in fact, the dielectric substrate 950 may also be any other shape, for example, a circle, and the present application is not limited thereto.

It should be noted that fig. 9 is merely an example based on the antenna unit having the structure shown in fig. 3, and in fact, the structure shown in fig. 9 and including the dielectric substrate 950 is also applicable to the antenna unit having any one of the structures shown in fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, and others.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a filter antenna array, where the filter antenna array is formed by arranging a plurality of antenna units of any one of the above structures, and the filter antenna array of the present application is described below by taking the antenna unit of any one of the above structures as an example. Fig. 10 is a top view of a filter antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 10, the filter antenna array 1000 includes a metal reflector 1010 and a plurality of antenna units 300 arranged regularly, wherein each antenna unit 300 is coupled to the metal reflector 1010.

In one possible configuration, as described above, each antenna element 300 may further include a dielectric substrate 950, the dielectric substrate 950 being connected to the feeding device 330 through the second end 332 of the feeding device 330; each antenna element 300 is coupled to a metal reflector plate 1010 through the dielectric backplane 950.

As mentioned above, the filtering antenna array 1000 may be a linear array (e.g. binary array), a planar array (e.g. 4 × 4 antenna array), or a three-dimensional array (e.g. antenna array formed by arranging antenna units on the outer surface of a spherical body), which is not limited in this application.

The filter antenna array 1000 is described below with a planar array as an example.

The filter antenna array 1000 may be a M × N square matrix, where M is a number of rows of array elements (i.e., antenna elements) in the antenna array, N is a number of columns of array elements in the antenna array, M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2, and a distance between each array element of the filter antenna array 1000 is D, where D refers to a distance between centers of adjacent millimeter-wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements, and a unit is λ₀Wherein λ is₀The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum at the center frequency of the antenna array.

Fig. 10 shows a 4 × 4 antenna array, and it should be noted that the arrangement of the antenna array is only one implementation manner of the present application, and the present application does not limit this.

The filter antenna array formed by arranging the antenna units 300 introduced in the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure, is convenient to implement, can be applied to the antenna array design with high integration level, and can well meet the requirements of harsh array element spacing, radiation performance, isolation and the like.

Exemplarily, as shown in fig. 11, a schematic diagram for comparing the antenna integration degree effect provided by the embodiments of the present application is provided. Fig. 11 (a) shows a conventional antenna array 100, where the antenna array 100 is an 11 × 4 antenna array, and the antenna units 110 and 120 constituting the antenna array are antenna units of a conventional structure; fig. 11 (b) shows a filtered antenna array 1000 according to the embodiment of the present application, which is also an 11 × 4 antenna array, but since the antenna array 1000 is formed by arranging the antenna elements 300 (where 300-1 and 300-2 are respectively used for receiving signals and transmitting signals) in the present application, that is, the array arms are in a structure in which the ends include bent extensions, miniaturization of the antenna elements can be achieved, and thus the miniaturization of the antenna array can be achieved while ensuring the spacing between the antenna elements (the lateral spacing is D2, and the longitudinal spacing is D1).

As the isolation of the antenna array decreases with the decrease of the spacing between the array elements (i.e., the antenna units) in the antenna array, as shown in fig. 12, a simulation curve diagram of the isolation varying with the spacing between the antenna units is provided for the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 12, the isolation effect is worse as the array element pitch is smaller and the isolation is lower, and as shown by a point C in fig. 12, when D is D₀Meanwhile, the isolation between the array elements (i.e. the antenna units) is 10dB, but if the spacing between the array elements is continuously reduced, the isolation is reduced to below 10dB, which causes energy loss and affects the radiation efficiency of the antenna array.

Therefore, considering the integration degree and isolation degree of the antenna array, the array element spacing D can be set to be larger than D₀In a suitable range, for example, the array element spacing D may be set to 0.4 λ₀At this time, the isolation between the array elements of the antenna array can reach more than 10 dB.

Exemplarily, as shown in fig. 13, a comparison graph of antenna isolation effects provided in the embodiments of the present application is shown. Fig. 13 (a) shows a conventional antenna array 200, in which the antenna array 200 is a cross-distributed 18 × 6 antenna array, and the antenna units 110 and 120 constituting the antenna array are antenna units of a conventional structure; fig. 13 (b) shows a filtered antenna array 1000 according to the embodiment of the present application, which is also an 18 × 6 antenna array, but since the antenna array 1000 is formed by cross arrangement of the antenna elements 300 (where 300-1 and 300-2 are respectively used for receiving signals and transmitting signals) in the present application, that is, the array arms are in a structure with bent extensions at the ends, although the antenna array 1000 and the antenna array 200 have the same size, the antenna element spacing in the antenna array 1000 is significantly larger than that in the antenna array 200, that is, the transverse spacing D4 > D3 and the longitudinal spacing D6 > D5, so that the isolation performance of the antenna array 1000 is better than that of the antenna array 200.

Fig. 14 shows an isolation contrast diagram of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of the present application. Curve (a) in fig. 14 is a schematic graph of the isolation between two of the array elements of the antenna array 200 in fig. 13 (a), and curve (b) in fig. 14 is a schematic graph of the isolation between two of the array elements of the antenna array 1000 in fig. 13 (b), where f is the transmit/receive frequency of the array elements (antenna units) in GHz, and the isolation is in dB, and as can be seen from fig. 14, the isolation between two of the array elements of the antenna array 200 is substantially stable at-10 dB, the isolation between two of the array elements of the antenna array 1000 is substantially stable at-20 dB to-25 dB, and specifically, at f 2.5GHz, the isolation between the two of the array elements is-11 dB, and the isolation between the two of the array elements in this application is-23 dB; when f is 2.57GHz, the existing isolation between the two array elements is-11 dB, and the isolation between the two array elements in this application is-22 dB, and similarly, the isolation between the antenna array 200 and the other array elements in the antenna array 1000 can also reach the isolation difference shown in fig. 14, which shows that compared with the antenna array composed of antenna units in the prior art, the isolation between the array elements in the antenna array composed of filter antenna units in this application is better in performance.

Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a wave width comparison of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application. Curve (a) in fig. 15 is a schematic beam width graph of the antenna array 200 in (a) in fig. 13, and curve (b) in fig. 15 is a schematic beam width graph of the antenna array 1000 in (b) in fig. 13, where θ is an angle between a radiation direction and a maximum radiation direction, and is expressed in degrees (°), as can be seen from (a) in fig. 15, a 3dB beam of the antenna array 200 is approximately concentrated between-20 ° and 25 °, the 3dB beam width is approximately 45 °, and the wave is in an unstable variation along different radiation angles, and the beam is deformed severely, and actually cannot be used; whereas the 3dB beamwidth of the antenna array 1000 in fig. 15 (b) is about 110 ° and the radiation pattern is not distorted, it can be seen that the antenna array 1000 has better bandwidth performance and better pattern performance than the antenna array in the prior art.

The above is only an embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure should be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.