阅读说明：本技术 一种电扫天线 (Electric scanning antenna ) 是由 李霞 孙浩 高静 胡卫东 于 2020-06-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及天线领域,具体是涉及一种电扫天线。包括天线基座和用于传输信号的辐射单元,辐射单元设置在天线基座的上顶面和从上顶面向下延伸的坡面上。平面电扫天线用于信号传输的各个辐射单元位于同一个平面上。本发明的各个辐射单元分布在棱台或圆台状的天线基座上,以此使得各个辐射单元构成立体电扫天线,而立体电扫天线的信号覆盖范围大于平面电扫天线的信号覆盖范围。(The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to an electric scanning antenna. Including antenna base and the radiating element who is used for transmitting signal, radiating element sets up on antenna base's last top surface and the domatic of following the upper top surface downwardly extending. The radiating elements of the planar electric scanning antenna for signal transmission are positioned on the same plane. The radiating units are distributed on the prismatic table or circular table-shaped antenna base, so that the radiating units form the three-dimensional electric scanning antenna, and the signal coverage range of the three-dimensional electric scanning antenna is larger than that of the planar electric scanning antenna.)

1. An electrically swept antenna, comprising: including antenna base (1) and radiating element (2) that are used for transmission signal, radiating element (2) set up on the domatic of the last top surface of antenna base (1) and follow last top surface downwardly extending.

2. The electrically scanned antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radiation unit (2) comprises a horn structure, internal microstrip plates, a bottom microstrip plate and conductors, wherein the internal microstrip plates are sequentially arranged in the horn structure along the axial direction of the horn structure;

the bottom microstrip plate is fixed on the antenna base (1), the size of a bottom opening of the horn structure facing the antenna base (1) is smaller than that of a top opening, and the plate surface of each microstrip plate is perpendicular to the axial direction of the horn structure;

the surface of the inner microstrip plate facing the top opening of the horn structure is provided with a microstrip patch, and the conductor penetrates through the microstrip patch.

3. The electrically scanned antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the internal microstrip plate comprises a first microstrip plate (24), a second microstrip plate (25) and a third microstrip plate (26) which are sequentially arranged, the first microstrip plate (24) is close to the top opening of the horn structure, and the third microstrip plate (26) is close to the bottom opening of the horn structure;

the microstrip patch comprises a first microstrip patch (241) arranged on the upper plate surface of the first microstrip plate (24) and a second microstrip patch (251) arranged on the upper plate surface of the second microstrip plate (25), the upper plate surface of the first microstrip plate (24) and the upper plate surface of the second microstrip plate (25) both face towards the top opening of the horn structure, and the first microstrip patch (241) and the second microstrip patch (251) are coaxially arranged;

or the microstrip patches comprise microstrip patches which are respectively arranged on the upper plate surface of the first microstrip plate (24), the upper plate surface of the second microstrip plate (25) and the upper plate surface of the third microstrip plate (26), and all the microstrip patches are coaxially arranged.

4. The electrically scanned antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the projection of the second microstrip patch (251) on the first microstrip patch (241) is located inside the first microstrip patch (241).

5. The electrically scanned antenna as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the first microstrip patch (241) and the second microstrip patch (251) are both square, four edges of the first microstrip patch (241) are provided with first matching blocks (216), and the length of each first matching block (216) along the edge direction of the first microstrip patch (241) is smaller than the length of each edge of the first microstrip patch (241); a second matching block (217) is arranged at a position where the edge of the second microstrip patch (251) corresponds to the first matching block (216), and the length of the second matching block (217) along the edge direction of the second microstrip patch (251) is smaller than the length of the edge of the second microstrip patch (251).

6. The electrically scanned antenna as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the horn structure comprises a cylindrical section (22), and a circular platform section (23) which is arranged on the upper part of the cylindrical section (22) and is coaxial with the cylindrical section (22); the caliber of the circular platform section (23) is gradually increased from one side close to the cylindrical section (22) to one side far away from the cylindrical section (22);

the first microstrip plate (24), the second microstrip plate (25) and the third microstrip plate (26) are positioned on one side, far away from the circular table section (23), of the inside of the cylindrical section (22); the bottom microstrip plate is a fourth microstrip plate (27) arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical section (22), and the projection of the cylindrical section (22) on the fourth microstrip plate (27) is positioned inside the fourth microstrip plate (27).

7. The electrically scanned antenna of claim 6, wherein: the conductors passing through the respective microstrip plates and through the respective microstrip patches are metal posts (213); the electric scanning antenna further comprises a connector (3) used for connecting a transmitting module and a receiving module of the antenna, a feed network (215) is connected between the connector (3) and the metal column (213), and the feed network (215) is distributed on the lower plate surface of the fourth microstrip plate (27).

8. The electrically scanned antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the number of the metal posts (213) is two, and the region of the metal posts (213) in contact with the first microstrip patch (241) and the region in contact with the second microstrip patch (251) form a feed point (214).

9. The electrically scanned antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the antenna base (1) comprises a base main body (11) in a prismoid shape or a circular truncated cone shape, a cavity (12) positioned in the base main body (11), and a through hole (13) arranged on the inner wall of the cavity (12); the opening of the cavity (12) is positioned on the lower bottom surface of the base main body (11); the radiation units (2) are arranged on the upper top surface and the peripheral side surface of the base main body (11);

the radiating unit (2) further comprises a shell (21) fixed to the upper portion of the base main body (11), the cylindrical section (22) and the fourth microstrip plate (27) are located inside the shell (21), the fourth microstrip plate (27) is fixed to the outer wall of the base main body (11), an opening communicated with the through hole (13) is formed in the lower end face, facing the base main body (11), of the shell (21), and the fourth microstrip plate (27) is located at the opening.

10. The electrically scanned antenna as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the upper end face of the shell (21) is provided with a positioning cylinder (4) of the cavity, the upper end face of the shell (21) is provided with an opening communicated with the positioning cylinder (4), and the circular table section (23) extends into the positioning cylinder (4) through the opening.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to an electric scanning antenna.

Background

An antenna, which is a component for transmitting or receiving radio waves, plays a very important role in a wireless communication system, and is an indispensable component of the wireless communication system. With the rapid development of high-frequency satellite communication systems, radars and wireless communication systems, especially the 4G and 5G networks around the world, the requirements for antennas are also higher and higher. Due to such a demand, various types of electric scanning antennas have been developed vigorously.

The existing electric scanning antenna has small wave beam coverage range and can not realize signal omnidirectional coverage, thereby reducing the signal receiving and transmitting capacity of the electric scanning antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an electric scanning antenna, which increases a beam coverage of the electric scanning antenna, thereby improving a signal transceiving capability of the electric scanning antenna.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an electric scanning antenna comprises an antenna base and a radiation unit for transmitting signals, wherein the radiation unit is arranged on the upper top surface of the antenna base and a slope surface extending downwards from the upper top surface.

Furthermore, the radiation unit comprises a horn structure, internal microstrip plates which are sequentially arranged in the horn structure along the axial direction of the horn structure, a bottom microstrip plate which is arranged at the bottom of the horn structure, and conductors which penetrate through the microstrip plates and are used for signal transmission;

the bottom microstrip plate is fixed on the antenna base, the size of the opening of the horn structure facing the bottom of the antenna base is smaller than that of the opening of the horn structure facing the top of the antenna base, and the plate surface of each microstrip plate is perpendicular to the axial direction of the horn structure;

the surface of the inner microstrip plate facing the top opening of the horn structure is provided with a microstrip patch, and the conductor penetrates through the microstrip patch.

Further, the internal microstrip plate comprises a first microstrip plate, a second microstrip plate and a third microstrip plate which are sequentially arranged, wherein the first microstrip plate is close to the top opening of the horn structure, and the third microstrip plate is close to the bottom opening of the horn structure;

the microstrip patch comprises a first microstrip patch arranged on the upper plate surface of the first microstrip plate and a second microstrip patch arranged on the upper plate surface of the second microstrip plate, wherein the upper plate surface of the first microstrip plate and the upper plate surface of the second microstrip plate both face the top opening of the horn structure, and the first microstrip patch and the second microstrip patch are coaxially arranged;

or the microstrip patches comprise microstrip patches which are respectively arranged on the upper plate surface of the first microstrip plate, the upper plate surface of the second microstrip plate and the upper plate surface of the third microstrip plate, and all the microstrip patches are coaxially arranged.

Further preferably, the projection of the second microstrip patch on the first microstrip patch is located inside the first microstrip patch.

Preferably, the first microstrip patch and the second microstrip patch are both square, four edges of the first microstrip patch are provided with first matching blocks, and the length of the first matching blocks along the direction of the edges of the first microstrip patch is smaller than that of the edges of the first microstrip patch; and the second matching block is arranged at the position corresponding to the first matching block on the edge of the second microstrip patch, and the length of the second matching block along the direction of the edge of the second microstrip patch is less than the length of the edge of the second microstrip patch.

Further, the horn structure comprises a cylindrical section, and a circular platform section which is arranged on the upper part of the cylindrical section and is coaxial with the cylindrical section; the caliber of the circular platform section is gradually increased from one side close to the cylindrical section to one side far away from the cylindrical section;

the first microstrip plate, the second microstrip plate and the third microstrip plate are positioned on one side, far away from the circular table section, in the cylindrical section; the bottom microstrip plate is a fourth microstrip plate arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical section, and the projection of the cylindrical section on the fourth microstrip plate is positioned inside the fourth microstrip plate.

Furthermore, the conductors penetrating through the microstrip plates and the microstrip patches are metal columns; the electric scanning antenna also comprises a connector used for connecting a transmitting module and a receiving module of the antenna, a feed network is connected between the connector and the metal column, and the feed network is distributed on the lower plate surface of the fourth microstrip plate.

Further preferably, the number of the metal posts is two, and a region of the metal posts in contact with the first microstrip patch and a region of the metal posts in contact with the second microstrip patch form a feed point.

Preferably, the antenna base comprises a base main body in a shape of a frustum of a pyramid or a circular truncated cone, a cavity positioned inside the base main body, and a through hole arranged on the inner wall of the cavity, wherein an opening of the cavity is positioned on the lower bottom surface of the base main body; the radiation units are arranged on the upper top surface and the peripheral side surface of the base main body;

the radiation unit further comprises a shell fixed on the upper portion of the base main body, the cylindrical section and the fourth microstrip plate are located inside the shell, the fourth microstrip plate is fixed on the upper portion of the base main body, an opening communicated with the through hole is formed in the lower end face, facing the base main body, of the shell, and the fourth microstrip plate is located at the opening.

Preferably, the upper end surface of the housing is provided with a positioning cylinder with a cavity, the upper end surface of the housing is provided with an opening communicated with the positioning cylinder, and the circular platform section extends into the positioning cylinder through the opening.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the radiating elements of the planar electric scanning antenna for signal transmission are positioned on the same plane. The antenna base comprises an upper top surface and a slope surface extending downwards from the upper top surface, wherein the upper top surface and the slope surface are distributed on the radiation units, so that each radiation unit forms a three-dimensional electric scanning antenna, and the signal coverage range of the three-dimensional electric scanning antenna is larger than that of the planar electric scanning antenna.

In addition, the radiating units are distributed on the slope surface and the upper top surface of the antenna base in different directions, the radiating units in different directions can be selected according to actual use requirements, and the directivity of signal transmission of the electric scanning antenna is increased.

(2) The radiating unit is formed by bonding four layers of microstrip boards and three layers of semi-curing boards, the upper board surfaces of the first microstrip board and the second microstrip board are provided with microstrip patches to form a radiating patch layer, and the lower board surfaces of the third microstrip board and the fourth microstrip board are feed network layers, so that the microstrip patches are arranged on the upper board surfaces of the first microstrip board and the second microstrip board, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is effectively increased on the premise of not increasing the size of the antenna.

(3) The horn structure of the radiation unit is gradually changed into a round table shape from a cylindrical bottom, so that the gain of the antenna is correspondingly improved on the premise of ensuring the beam width of the antenna, and the signal receiving and transmitting capacity of the antenna is improved.

(4) The invention is provided with two metal columns, each metal column respectively forms four feed points on the first microstrip patch and the second patch, and the four feed points are mutually matched, so that the circular polarization performance of an axial ratio less than 3 in a wide beam range of +/-50 degrees is realized, the loss caused by polarization mismatch is further reduced, and the signal receiving and transmitting capacity of the electric scanning antenna is improved.

(5) The size of the first microstrip patch positioned above is larger than that of the second microstrip patch positioned below, the two layers of patches supplement each other, the first microstrip patch serves as a covering layer of the second microstrip patch, which is equivalent to a mask, and the second microstrip patch serves as the ground of the first microstrip patch, so that the edge coupling between the two microstrip patches is reduced.

(6) The size of the microstrip patch is increased to reduce the high-frequency resonant frequency of the antenna, but the size of the antenna is increased due to the increase of the size of the microstrip patch. According to the invention, the rectangular matching blocks loaded on the four peripheral parts of the microstrip patch enable the antenna to reduce the high-frequency resonant frequency of the antenna while ensuring the original performance on the basis of not increasing the size of the microstrip patch, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the size of the antenna.

(7) The cavity is arranged on the base main body, and the data lines of the receiving module and the transmitting module are conveniently connected to the radiating units.

(8) The cylinder with the cavity is matched with the boss on the radar equipment, so that other radio frequency modules and the antenna can be conveniently and better matched and connected, and the size of the whole machine is effectively reduced.

(9) The omnidirectional coverage of azimuth planes and +/-75 degrees coverage of pitching planes can be realized, and the beam pointing can be periodically switched according to requirements, so that the effect of searching in a coverage range is achieved; meanwhile, the antenna can reside in a certain wave beam to realize the receiving or transmitting of signals. And the antenna adopts the design of a circularly polarized antenna, so that the problem of polarization mismatch when the signal is received is effectively solved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural view of an electric scanning antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention taken from FIG. 1 with the housing and positioning cylinder removed;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a radiating element of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph of the standing wave of the electrically swept antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a radiation pattern of the electrically scanned antenna of the present invention;

fig. 8 is an axial ratio curve of the electric scanning antenna of the present invention.

The notations in the figures have the following meanings:

1-antenna base 11-base body 12-cavity 13-through hole

2-radiation unit 21-shell 22-cylindrical section 23-truncated cone section 24-first microstrip plate

25-second microstrip plate 26-third microstrip plate 27-fourth microstrip plate 241-first microstrip patch

251-second microstrip patch 210-first prepreg 211-second prepreg

212-third prepreg 213-metal pillar 214-feed point 215-feed network

216-first mating block 217-second mating block 218-positioning groove

3-connector 4-positioning cylinder

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described below by combining the embodiment and the attached drawings of the specification. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.