阅读说明：本技术 一种喀斯特山地生药草果立体栽培方法 (Stereoscopic cultivation method for crude drug tsaoko in karst mountain land ) 是由 王晓敏 罗晓青 张显波 周玉飞 申刚 于 2020-05-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于石漠化治理技术领域,尤其涉及一种喀斯特山地药草果立体栽培方法。本发明在贵州喀斯特低热河谷的石漠化山地,以增加现有石漠化治理单一果园模式的经济产值及生态覆盖效果为目的,合理配置经济效益较高的药用植物石斛、兼顾土壤增肥的饲用豆科牧草紫花苕,构建热带果树-药用石斛-牧草复合立体种植模式,具体为：在石漠化山地的石灰岩上方搭建果架用来种植藤本果树,果架下方的的石灰岩上种植石斛；在土壤空地上种植牧草。本发明采用的复合立体种植模式,改变石漠化地区传统的耕作方式和土地利用模式,扩展了石灰岩表面空间的利用及光、热、气等自然资源的充分利用；实现了经济与生态效益的双赢。(The invention belongs to the technical field of stony desertification control, and particularly relates to a stereoscopic cultivation method of medicinal herbs and fruits in karst mountainous regions. In the stony desertification mountain land of the Guizhou karst low-heat valley, aiming at increasing the economic output value and the ecological coverage effect of the single orchard mode for controlling the existing stony desertification, the invention reasonably configures the medicinal plant dendrobium with higher economic benefit and the forage leguminous forage vetch giving consideration to soil fertility, and constructs a tropical fruit tree-medicinal dendrobium-forage grass composite three-dimensional planting mode, which specifically comprises the following steps: building a fruit frame above limestone in the stony desertification mountain land for planting vine fruit trees, and planting dendrobium on the limestone below the fruit frame; and planting pasture on the soil open land. The compound three-dimensional planting mode adopted by the invention changes the traditional farming mode and land utilization mode in the stony desertification area, and expands the utilization of limestone surface space and the full utilization of natural resources such as light, heat, gas and the like; the win-win of economic and ecological benefits is realized.)

1. A stereoscopic cultivation method of medicinal herbs and fruits in karst mountainous regions is characterized in that a fruit frame is built above limestone in a stony desertification mountain region for planting vine fruit trees, and dendrobium is planted on the limestone below the fruit frame; and planting pasture on the soil open land.

2. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of the karst mountain herbal medicine fruits as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting faraway rocky hilly regions typical of the rocky desertification phenomenon in the Guizhou karst low-heat valley mountain areas, and constructing a karst rocky desertification mountain orchard;

(2) building a vertical frame above rocks in the orchard by using stainless steel pipes and stainless steel wires according to the topography of limestone;

(3) planting relay intercropping vine crops on open land beside an orchard upright frame, and pulling vines to be put on the frame after vine fruit trees grow to a vine, so as to create a proper shading environment condition for medicinal plant dendrobium attached to rocks;

(4) planting medicinal plant dendrobe on the limestone below the erected stand;

(5) the pasture vetch is reasonably and densely planted on the open land of the orchard to inhibit the growth of weeds.

3. The method for stereoscopic cultivation of medicinal herbs in karst mountain land as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vine fruit tree is tropical fruit tree, including but not limited to passion fruit, melon.

4. The method for stereoscopic cultivation of herb in karst mountain land as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (4), small holes with diameter of 6 mm are drilled on the rock with electric drill at intervals of 5-10cm according to the natural shape of the stone before planting the medicinal plant dendrobe.

5. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of the karst mountain herbal fruits as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the method for planting the medicinal plant dendrobe comprises the following steps: selecting dendrobium tissue culture seedlings cultivated and domesticated in a greenhouse for more than 1 year in 3-4 months every year, taking 3-5 dendrobium seedlings as a cluster, tidying root systems, fixing the roots of the dendrobium on a stone surface by using a wire clamp by using drilled small holes without falling off, and paying attention to light action without damaging bud eyes of the roots when fixing the dendrobium; and after planting, paving a layer of composite humus around the root of the dendrobium.

6. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of the medicinal herb fruits on the karst mountain land as claimed in claim 5, wherein the composite humus consists of humus, dead branches and fallen leaves and auxiliary materials according to a mass ratio of 3-4:1: 0.5.

7. The stereoscopic cultivation method of the karst mountain land herb fruits as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the auxiliary materials comprises the following steps: weighing 2-4 parts of nano carbon powder, 3-4 parts of chitin and 1-2 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by weight, mixing, adding a metal salt aqueous solution with the mass being 2 times of that of the nano carbon powder, stirring at 50-60 ℃ for 20min, filtering, and drying to obtain a modified substance; mixing the modified substance and the natural high-molecular water retention agent according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and granulating to obtain the auxiliary material.

8. The method for stereoscopic cultivation of the karst mountain land herb fruits as claimed in claim 7, wherein the natural polymer water-retaining agent is carboxymethyl cellulose.

9. The method for stereoscopic cultivation of the karst mountain herbal fruits as claimed in claim 7, wherein the metal salt aqueous solution is composed of a copper sulfate solution with a concentration of 4-5% and a ferric sulfate solution with a concentration of 1-2% in a volume ratio of 1: 1.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of stony desertification control, and particularly relates to a stereoscopic cultivation method of medicinal herbs and fruits in karst mountainous regions.

Background

Stony Desertification (Stony Desertification) refers to a land degradation phenomenon that earth surface vegetation is damaged due to the interference of artificial activities under tropical, subtropical humid and semi-humid climatic conditions and the natural background of extreme development of karst, so that soil is seriously lost, bedrock is exposed in a large area or gravel is accumulated, and the rock Desertification phenomenon is also an extreme form of land degradation in karst areas. The stony desertification phenomenon frequently occurs in karst regions, and the main reason is that the stony desertification phenomenon appears under the influence of human activities due to special landforms and environmental conditions, and the stony desertification phenomenon shows very linear characteristics; mainly focuses on the cloud plateau area in China.

The Guizhou karst stony desertification area is wide, the distribution types are various, and the Guizhou stony desertification comprehensive treatment has strong representativeness in the karst region in the south China. However, the comprehensive stony desertification control needs to solve not only the ecological problem but also the economic income problem of local residents. Through years of research, a plurality of modes are explored for governing Guizhou karst stony desertification, and certain benefits are obtained. However, the mountainous regions of the Guizhou karst low-heat valley region are still more used for planting traditional food crops such as corn and the like, water and soil loss still exists, and partial population poverty shedding is difficult. The area is selectively provided with the innovative stony desertification control composite three-dimensional mode by utilizing the suitable plant resource allocation, so that the traditional agricultural planting in stony desertification areas can be changed, the damaged stony desertification environment can be gradually recovered while the local economy is developed, and the win-win effect of economic and ecological benefits is realized.

At present, there are also many researches on composite treatment technology in stony desertification areas.

For example, patent publication No. CN110915348A discloses an ecological restoration method for stony desertification mountains, which comprises the following steps: (1) arranging a choked flow ditch, and filling soil in the choked flow ditch; (2) after filling soil in the flow-resisting ditch, spreading farmyard manure, and planting perennial waterlogging-resistant fruit trees and pastures in the flow-resisting ditch; (3) planting vines in the mountain areas between the flow resisting ditches; (4) taking out the soil accumulated in the flow-resisting grooves, uniformly mixing the soil with weathered bacteria, and then uniformly throwing the mixture to a mountain region between the flow-resisting grooves; (5) the economic crops are periodically harvested and re-sown, the maintenance is carried out properly, and the soil stony desertification disappears until the soil fertility is completely recovered. The patent technology provides a research on controlling the stony desertification mountainous regions in a composite planting mode of drought-resistant fruits, pasture and vines, and limestone is used as a climbing tool for vines in the patent technology, so that the maximum utilization of the stony desertification mountainous regions is not realized.

The patent with publication number CN108575510A discloses a ecological management method suitable for Guizhou stony desertification, which comprises the following steps: in a mountain area of subtropical rock desertification in Guizhou, selecting a mountain land without a standing tree forest land with matrix rock exposure degree more than or equal to 30% and vegetation comprehensive coverage degree less than 50%, and planting macadamia nuts and mango trees in soil of limestone rock seams; after the mango seedlings and the macadimia nuts are planted and survive, intercropping cassia tora forage grass on the open lands of a mango plantation, and intercropping leech forage grass on the open lands of a macadimia nut garden; planting kudzu or passion flower beside bare limestone open ground and drawing the kudzu or passion flower onto the rock; in 3-4 months of each year, fixing the dendrobium officinale seedlings which are artificially cultured and domesticated in a greenhouse for one year around the tree trunk according to the tree shape on the mango and nut trees. The patent technology provides a method for controlling stony desertification in a fruit tree-dendrobium-pasture composite planting mode for earlier researches of researchers of the invention, but in the technology, limestone is also used as a climbing tool for vine crops, and the maximum utilization of stony desertification mountains is not realized.

The bedrock (limestone) exposed area of the Guizhou karst rock-desertification mountain land is large, the limestone is maximally utilized through research, and the economic and ecological benefits of the rock-desertification mountain land can be greatly improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the researchers of the invention further carry out deep research on the basis of the previous research, and provide a stereoscopic cultivation method of medicinal herbs in Guizhou karst mountainous regions, which is realized by the following technical scheme:

a stereoscopic cultivation method of medicinal tsaoko in karst mountain land comprises building a fruit rack above limestone in rocky desertification land for planting vine fruit trees, and planting herba Dendrobii on limestone below the fruit rack; and planting pasture on the soil open land.

Preferably, the stereoscopic cultivation method of the karst mountain medicinal tsaoko includes the following steps:

(1) selecting faraway rocky hilly regions typical of the rocky desertification phenomenon in the Guizhou karst low-heat valley mountain areas, and constructing a karst rocky desertification mountain orchard;

(2) building a vertical frame above rocks in the orchard by using stainless steel pipes and stainless steel wires according to the topography of limestone;

(3) planting and interplanting the vine fruit trees on the open ground beside the orchard vertical frame, and pulling the vines to be put on the frame after the vine fruit trees grow to a vine, thereby creating a proper shading environment condition for the medicinal plant dendrobium attached to the rocks;

(4) planting medicinal plant dendrobe on the limestone below the erected stand;

(5) the pasture vetch is reasonably and densely planted on the open land of the orchard to inhibit the growth of weeds.

Preferably, the vine tree is a tropical fruit tree, including but not limited to passion fruit, melon.

Preferably, in the step (4), small holes with the diameter of 6 millimeters are drilled on the rock at intervals of 5-10cm by an electric drill according to the natural shape of the stone before the medicinal plant dendrobe is planted.

Preferably, in the step (4), the method for planting the medicinal plant dendrobe comprises the following steps: selecting dendrobium tissue culture seedlings cultivated and domesticated in a greenhouse for more than 1 year in 3-4 months every year, taking 3-5 dendrobium seedlings as a cluster, tidying root systems, fixing the roots of the dendrobium on a stone surface by using a wire clamp by using drilled small holes without falling off, and paying attention to light action without damaging bud eyes of the roots when fixing the dendrobium; and after planting, paving a layer of composite humus around the root of the dendrobium.

Preferably, the composite humus consists of humus, dead branches and fallen leaves and auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 3-4:1: 0.5.

Preferably, the preparation method of the granule auxiliary material comprises the following steps: weighing 2-4 parts of nano carbon powder, 3-4 parts of chitin and 1-2 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by weight, mixing, adding a metal salt aqueous solution with the mass being 2 times of that of the nano carbon powder, stirring at 50-60 ℃ for 20min, filtering, and drying to obtain a modified substance; and mixing the modified substance and the natural high-molecular water retention agent according to the mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain the auxiliary material.

Preferably, the natural polymer water retention agent is carboxymethyl cellulose.

Preferably, the metal salt water solution is composed of a copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 4-5% and a ferric sulfate solution with the concentration of 1-2% in a volume ratio of 1: 1.

The invention adopts nano carbon powder, chitin, montmorillonite and natural high-molecular water retention agent to prepare particle auxiliary materials which are added into the matrix for planting the dendrobium; the nano carbon powder, the chitin and the montmorillonite have good adsorbability and ion exchange capacity, and after modification treatment by the metal salt solution, the modified material has stronger antibacterial capacity due to the adsorption of metal ions in the metal salt solution, so that the dendrobium can be prevented from being polluted by disease bacteria in the growth process of the dendrobium, and the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests of the dendrobium can be reduced; meanwhile, the fertilizer also has the fertilizer retention performance, and the nutrient loss in the matrix (composite humus) is reduced. And the nano carbon powder, the chitin and the montmorillonite can also promote the activation of the dendrobium officinale root system, enhance the growth capacity of the dendrobium officinale on limestone and improve the water and nutrient absorption capacity of the dendrobium officinale root system. The natural polymer water aqua enables the particle auxiliary material to have good water retention performance, and reduces the influence of drought seasons on the growth of the dendrobium.

Compared with the traditional method for planting the dendrobium on the limestone, the method for planting the dendrobium on the limestone provided by the invention comprises the following steps: according to the traditional planting method, moss is used for wrapping the roots of the dendrobium and can influence the growth of the dendrobium; according to the invention, the composite humus is adopted to wrap the root of the dendrobium, so that the growth of the dendrobium can be promoted, and the disease incidence rate of the dendrobium can be reduced.

The dendrobium nobile cultivation method is characterized in that after the dendrobium nobile is planted, water and fertilizer management is carried out according to a conventional planting method, and the applied fertilizer is an organic fertilizer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, a composite three-dimensional planting mode of 'vine fruit tree-dendrobium-forage grass (vetch)' is adopted, the vine fruit tree can provide a shading environment condition for dendrobium planted on limestone rock, the environmental characteristics of high summer temperature, high illumination intensity and no water retention capacity of rocks in karst low-heat valley rock-desertification mountainous regions are improved, and a condition suitable for the growth of dendrobium is created; and by combining a proper planting method, the wild-like planting of dendrobium on limestone of karst low-heat valley rock desertification mountain land is realized, and the economic benefit is greatly improved. The pasture sweet potato can improve the fertility of the soil of the stony desertification mountain land.

The invention adopts a composite three-dimensional planting mode of 'vine fruit trees-dendrobium-forage grass (sweet potato)', changes the farming mode and the land utilization mode in stony desertification areas, and expands the utilization of limestone surface space and the full utilization of natural resources such as light, heat, gas and the like; not only can restore the ecosystem of the stony desertification mountain land, but also can increase the planting income and realize the win-win of economic and ecological benefits.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further limited by the following specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.