阅读说明：本技术 一种滨海盐碱地果树套种爬地兰的方法 (Method for interplanting aquatica creeper among fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali soil ) 是由 王煌平 罗涛 郑培忠 庄卫东 陈振彬 章明清 李娟� 张立成 于 2020-06-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种滨海盐碱地果树套种爬地兰的方法,包括如下步骤：(1)果树宽行种植；(2)种植爬地兰；(3)铺设防草布。本发明将防草布和果园生草联合应用,可利用防草布在爬地兰种植早期控制杂草的生长,减轻生草未全园覆盖时,盐碱地地表裸露盐分析出对幼龄果树的伤害,及对爬地兰生长的影响,大大节约除草用工。本发明特别适用于轻中度(含盐量1‰-4‰)滨海盐碱地果树种植。(The invention provides a method for interplanting creeping orchid on fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) planting fruit trees in wide rows; (2) planting climbing orchid; (3) and laying grass prevention cloth. The invention combines the weed control cloth with the orchard grass generation, can control the growth of weeds in the early planting stage of the orchards by utilizing the weed control cloth, reduces the damage to young fruit trees and the influence on the growth of the orchards caused by the separation of bare salt on the surface of the saline-alkali soil when the grass generation is not covered in the whole orchard, and greatly saves the labor for weeding. The method is particularly suitable for planting the fruit trees in light and medium-degree (the salt content is 1-4%) coastal saline-alkali soil.)

1. A method for interplanting creeping orchid on fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) wide-row planting of fruit trees: planting fruit trees in the saline-alkali soil with the row spacing of 2-4m and the plant spacing of 0.5-2.5m, forming no ridge or low ridge by 20-30cm, and digging a drainage ditch with the depth of 20-50cm and the width of 20-50cm in the middle of each row;

(2) planting the creeper: selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free creeping orchid branches or seedlings cultivated in an overwintering greenhouse, digging planting holes in rows 60-80cm away from fruit trees, applying mixed soil of organic fertilizer and red soil, planting creeping orchid, and cutting green at proper time;

(3) laying grass prevention cloth: and (3) covering the weed prevention cloth on two sides of the creeper with the root area of the fruit tree and the edge of the drainage ditch, removing the weed prevention cloth when the orchards are climbed and the garden is sealed, and recycling the weed prevention cloth.

2. The method for interplanting the creeper orchid among fruit trees in the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the saline-alkali soil is mild or moderate coastal saline-alkali soil.

3. The method for interplanting the creeper orchid among fruit trees in the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (2) of planting the creeper comprises the following steps: when the branches are planted in a cuttage mode, overwintering branches are selected in 3-5 months per year, middle twigs are cut into sections according to 10-15cm, and 2-3 buds are reserved; when seedlings are planted in a cutting mode, transplanting cutting seedlings which are cultivated in a greenhouse in 11-12 months in the last year; before planting, removing weeds in the whole garden, digging planting holes with the depth of 15-20cm and the width of 15cm, and planting 2-3 creeping orchid spikes or seedlings in each hole, wherein the hole distance is 30-40 cm.

4. The method for interplanting creeper with fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when planting the ear strips of the creeper, the ear strips are inserted into the soil for 6cm, and 1-2 buds are exposed out of the soil surface.

5. The method for interplanting the creeper orchid among fruit trees in the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing commercial organic fertilizer meeting NY525-2012 standards and mountain land red loam according to the mass ratio of 1:1 by dry weight, applying 500g of mixed soil to planting holes according to each hole, compacting the mixed soil after planting the creeper, and completely pouring root fixing water.

6. The method for interplanting creeper with fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the organic matter of the commercial organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the content of N + P₂O₅+K₂O≥5％。

7. The method for interplanting the creeper orchid among fruit trees in the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the weed-proof cloth in the step (3) is made of black non-woven fabric and 70-100g/m²And after paving, compacting and compacting the periphery by using garden soil.

8. The method for interplanting the creeper orchid among fruit trees in the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) removing the grass-prevention cloth after the saline-alkali soil grows to cover the whole garden by climbing the cymbidium in the salinity stabilization period of the saline-alkali soil in 11-12 months in the current year.

9. The method for interplanting the creeper orchid among fruit trees in the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: cutting green, namely cutting green in a method of reserving more and cutting less, wherein green is not cut in the first year, and then, in the middle growth stage of the creeper tree in the first year, namely the precipitation desalting stage of the saline and alkaline land, stems and leaves which grow vigorously are cut by a mower for 1-2 times, green is cut for 1 time again in the salt stability stage, and stem stalks of 30-40cm are reserved during green cutting.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fruit tree planting technology in coastal saline-alkali soil, in particular to a method for interplanting creeping orchid in fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali soil.

Background

In recent years, in order to improve the comprehensive benefits of saline-alkali soil, part of coastal saline-alkali wastelands in coastal areas of Fujian province starts to cultivate fruit trees such as dragon fruits, guavas, passion fruits, grapes, figs and the like. The coastal light and heat condition is sufficient, weeds in slight saline-alkali soil (the salt content is 1-2 thousandths) are clustered, the artificial weeding cost is high, and the quality deterioration of the saline-alkali soil is aggravated by the application of the herbicide. Therefore, the application of the grass prevention cloth in the fruit tree planting in the saline-alkali soil is a great trend in recent years.

For moderate saline-alkali soil (with salt content of 2-4%), the growth of fruit trees is also seriously affected by the separation of salt from the bare surface of the interline surface of the fruit trees. For this reason, orchard grass growing technology forms another trend in saline-alkali soil fruit tree planting. Compared with the application of grass prevention cloth, the grass generation in the orchard can better improve the foundation soil fertility level of the saline-alkali soil and comprehensively improve the comprehensive production capacity and efficiency of the orchard.

The existing artificial planting of proper green manure in saline-alkali soil, such as vetch, sesbania and the like, is mostly annual or perennial green manure, and the natural grass and artificial grass planting in the saline-alkali soil have the following problems: firstly, the earth surface is exposed in the early stage of growth, so that the problem of salt return is easily caused; secondly, the natural grassing of saline-alkali soil can cause the excessive growth of malignant weeds and the artificial weeding cost is high; and thirdly, forming bare land when the life cycle of the green manure is finished, on one hand, weeds can grow out, and on the other hand, salt in the bare land can be separated out. Particularly, in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, the growth of the root system of the fruit tree can be influenced by the separation of salt. The problems existing in the prior art greatly limit the popularization of the orchard grass growing technology in saline-alkali soil. If a perennial saline-alkali land suitable green manure variety is selected, the problems of low salt tolerance and low survival rate exist.

The Indian creeper (Indian endecahylla jacq.) and the perennial creeping herb green manure of the genus India of the family Leguminosae are originally produced in India and are distributed in Taiwan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian provinces and other provinces of China. The green manure has the advantages of high vitality, high fertility, high biomass, stress resistance, high disease and insect resistance, barren resistance, drought resistance, capability of fixing nitrogen by rhizobia, no climbing and fruit tree winding, and excellent comprehensive properties, and is one of the green manures suitable for orchard interplanting at present. The creeper has strong adaptability, can grow on sandy soil when heavily adhered with the soil at the pH value of 5-7, can form a thick straw mat layer of dozens of centimeters in the vigorous growth period, but has poor salt tolerance. At present, the cymbidium creeper in Fujian province is mainly interplanted in a hillside field fruit tea garden, and no relevant report is found about the interplantation of the cymbidium creeper in coastal saline-alkali soil.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for interplanting creeping orchid in fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali soil, so that the labor cost is reduced, the salt damage is reduced, and the orchard grass growing technology is popularized in the planting of fruit trees in saline-alkali soil.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

the invention relates to a method for interplanting creeping orchid on fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) wide-row planting of fruit trees: planting fruit trees in the saline-alkali soil with the row spacing of 2-4m and the plant spacing of 0.5-2.5m, forming no ridge or low ridge by 20-30cm, and digging a drainage ditch with the depth of 20-50cm and the width of 20cm in the middle of each row;

(2) planting the creeper: selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free creeping orchid branches or seedlings cultivated in an overwintering greenhouse, digging planting holes in rows 60-80cm away from fruit trees, applying mixed soil of organic fertilizer and red soil, planting creeping orchid, and cutting green at proper time;

(3) laying grass prevention cloth: and (3) covering the weed prevention cloth on two sides of the creeper with one side covering the root area of the fruit tree and the other side covering the edge of the drainage ditch, and removing the weed prevention cloth when the garden is sealed by the creeper and recycling the weed prevention cloth.

Further:

the grass-prevention cloth and the grass generation in the orchard are applied together, and the method is suitable for mild saline-alkali soil (with the salt content of 1-2 thousandths) or moderate saline-alkali soil (with the salt content of 2-4 thousandths).

The planting of the creeper comprises the following steps: when the branches are planted in a cuttage mode, overwintering branches are selected in 3-5 months per year, middle twigs are cut into sections according to 10-15cm, and 2-3 buds are reserved; the seedling transplantation is cutting seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse in 11-12 months in the previous year. Before planting, removing weeds in the whole garden, digging planting holes with the depth of 15-20cm and the width of 15cm, planting 2-3 creeping orchid spikes or seedlings in each hole, wherein the hole distance is 30-40cm, the spikes are inserted into soil for about 6cm, and 1-2 buds are exposed out of the soil surface.

The mixed soil is prepared by uniformly mixing commercial organic fertilizer meeting NY525-2012 standard and mountain red loam according to the mass ratio of 1:1 by dry weight. 500g of mixed soil is applied to planting holes, the mixed soil is compacted after the cymbidium creeper is planted, and the rooting water is thoroughly poured.

The mountain red loam is red soil developed under the action of subtropical climate and evergreen broad-leaved forest, and has pH value of 4-6.

The grass prevention cloth is made of black non-woven fabric and 70-100g/m²The service life is 4-6 years. The grass prevention cloth is tightly attached to the fruit trees and the root area of the creeping orchid, and the periphery of the grass prevention cloth is compacted and compressed by garden soil after being laid.

The removal of the grass-prevention cloth and the cutting of the green creeper orchid are to remove the grass-prevention cloth after the creeper orchid grows to cover the whole garden in the saline-alkali soil salinity stabilization period of 11-12 months in the current year. The green cutting adopts a method of more green leaves and less green cuts, the green cutting is not carried out in the first year, the stem leaves which are overgrown are cut by a mower for 1 to 2 times in the middle growth period of the creeper every year, namely the saline-alkali soil dewatering and desalting period, the green cutting is carried out for 1 time in the salt stability period, and the stem stems of 30 to 40cm are remained in the green cutting period, so as to restore the greening, and the green manure is cut on the spot or covered by a tree tray.

The invention has the following function principle:

firstly, the fruit trees are planted in wide rows, and the wide row planting is widely applied to modern orchards. In saline-alkali soil, wide-row planting is not generally adopted because of the problem of salt return. The wide row is not only beneficial to the farming operation of the orchard, but also beneficial to providing the required illumination for the growth of the creeper. The invention combines the grass-prevention cloth with the orchard grass growth, plays a role in continuously pressing salt and reduces the damage of the salt return to fruit trees.

Secondly, the single use of the grass prevention cloth can solve the problem of too many weeds. However, the effect of the fertilizer is not as good as that of natural grass or green manure planting no matter the fertility of soil, salt control capability and moisture and fertility preservation. Perennial green manure planting costs are lower in the long run, since grass protection cloths have to be replaced over a few years. However, if the creeper is planted separately, the growth speed of the creeper planted in the saline-alkali soil is relatively slow compared with that of the creeper planted in the mountain land, and particularly, the more salt, the slower the growth of the land. If the seedling stage meets the salt return peak stage, the survival rate is influenced. The addition of the weed control cloth can slow down the salt return phenomenon in the early stage of the growth of the creeper and is very important for the growth of young trees and seedlings of the creeper.

The invention combines the grass-prevention cloth with the grass growth in the orchard, greatly saves the labor for weeding, and simultaneously reduces the damage of the exposed salt precipitation on the surface of the saline-alkali soil to young fruit trees and the influence on the growth of green manure when the grass is not sealed.

The invention has the following advantages: the invention combines the grass prevention cloth with perennial green manure planting, is applied to the grass cultivation in the coastal saline-alkali land orchard, can inhibit the growth of the saline-alkali land weeds, particularly malignant weeds, in the early stage of the growth of the cymbidium creeper, can play good roles in preserving moisture and soil moisture, cooling and inhibiting salt, can better promote the growth of the cymbidium creeper and fruit trees, and can be recycled. More importantly, the orchidaceae-climbing orchards can realize one-year planting, cover the effects of inhibiting salt and improving saline-alkali soil for many years, effectively reduce the salt damage of salt to the growth of fruit trees, particularly shallow-root fruit trees, and greatly save the weeding cost.

Detailed Description