阅读说明：本技术 一种干旱荒漠区砂铁矿山迹地的生态修复方法 (Ecological restoration method for sand iron mine land of arid desert region ) 是由 刘丽燕 刘永萍 吴天忠 罗青红 宁虎森 江晓珩 海妮肯·山台 雷春英 黄兰兵 苟林 于 2020-06-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种干旱荒漠区砂铁矿山迹地的生态修复方法,所述方法包括如下步骤：(1)将砂铁矿山迹地分区,分区域进行地表形态恢复；(2)构建适宜修复区域的植物群落配置模式,制备生态修复人工种子库；(3)人工种子库进行无人机飞播；(4)播种后定期对修复区域进行维护和监测。该方法的人工种子库材料容易获得,成本低,抗旱修复基质能够提高植物种子发芽并促进幼苗期的生长,无人机飞播效率高,节约大量人力成本,适合在干旱荒漠区砂铁矿山迹地进行生态修复的推广应用。(The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for sand iron mine land of a arid desert region, which comprises the following steps: (1) the sand iron mine is partitioned into regions, and the surface morphology is restored in the regions; (2) constructing a plant community configuration mode suitable for a restoration area, and preparing an ecological restoration artificial seed bank; (3) carrying out unmanned aerial vehicle aerial sowing in the artificial seed bank; (4) and after seeding, maintaining and monitoring the repair area regularly. The artificial seed bank material of the method is easy to obtain and low in cost, the drought-resistant restoration matrix can improve the germination of plant seeds and promote the growth of the plant seeds in the seedling stage, the unmanned aerial vehicle has high aerial sowing efficiency, a large amount of labor cost is saved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application of ecological restoration in sand iron mine lands in arid desert regions.)

1. An ecological restoration method for sand iron mine land of a arid desert area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) the sand iron mine is partitioned into regions, and the surface morphology is restored in the regions;

(2) constructing a plant community configuration mode suitable for a restoration area, and preparing an ecological restoration artificial seed bank;

(3) carrying out unmanned aerial vehicle aerial sowing in the artificial seed bank;

(4) and after seeding, maintaining and monitoring the repair area regularly.

2. The ecological restoration method for the sand iron mine land of the arid desert region according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), the method for partitioning the sand iron mine land is as follows: mining pits and dumps are used as key repair areas, and other areas are used as general repair areas.

3. The ecological restoration method for the sand iron mine land of the arid desert region according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the method for restoring the surface morphology in different regions comprises the following steps: filling and compacting the bottom of a mining pit in a key restoration area by using mining area waste and construction waste, backfilling by using soil materials of a dumping yard, and finishing and leveling the yard after backfilling; after soil is removed from a waste dump, flat ground finishing is carried out on the top, a side slope is finished, and the slope is smaller than 20 degrees; the general restoration area is mainly used for dismantling waste house facilities and clearing waste garbage, and then leveling treatment is carried out after completion.

4. The ecological restoration method for the sandy iron mine lands in the arid desert region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the method for constructing the plant community configuration mode suitable for the restoration region comprises the following steps: and (4) investigating peripheral plant communities and a soil seed bank, screening out plants in an area suitable for ecological restoration, and constructing a suitable plant community configuration mode.

5. The ecological restoration method for the sandy iron mine lands in the arid desert region according to claim 4, wherein the method for preparing the ecological restoration artificial seed bank comprises the following steps: mixing pioneer plants, dominant plants and a drought-resistant repair matrix according to a proper plant community configuration mode, and then carrying out large-grained treatment by using a seed pelleting machine to prepare a large-grained artificial seed bank; the drought-resistant repair matrix comprises natural sodium bentonite mineral powder, potassium fulvate mineral powder, licorice root waste residue powder, super absorbent resin and carbendazim wettable powder.

6. The ecological restoration method for the sandy iron mine lands in the arid desert region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after the first snow in autumn, the artificial seed bank is seeded by an unmanned aerial vehicle.

7. The ecological restoration method for the sandy iron mine lands in the arid desert region according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the method for maintaining and monitoring the restoration region after seeding comprises the following steps: the iron wire fence is maintained for 5 years in a closed mode, and the periphery of the iron wire fence is provided with a signboard; and (4) carrying out vegetation and soil investigation every year for 3 years continuously after planting, and carrying out reseeding on severe seedling-lacking areas.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of trace lands of mines in arid desert regions, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method of trace lands of sand iron mines in arid desert regions.

Background

The mine ecological restoration has important practical significance and ecological significance for the construction of the regional ecological safety pattern.

The arid desert region is a wide region with the rainfall of less than 200 mm in China and desert vegetation as a mark, and comprises a Sinkiang pseudo-Monacol basin, a Tarim basin, an eastern Xinjiang basin, a Gansu Hexi corridor, a Qinghai Chailada basin and an Alahan plateau in the western inner Mongolia, the area of the region accounts for about 20% of the national soil of China, the plant species in the region are rare, the ecological system is weak, and the region is an important region for ecological construction in the western China. The biodiversity of the arid desert region is developed under extreme natural conditions and in the process of long-term evolution, plays irreplaceable roles in maintaining water and soil, weakening wind erosion and maintaining ecological balance, but the ecosystem is extremely fragile and is difficult to recover once damaged.

The mineral resource disordered development in the arid desert area is fatal to the damage of the ecological system, so that the mine land ecological restoration in the arid desert area is an important component for the ecological civilization construction in China, the regional ecological environment can be effectively improved through the ecological restoration in the mine area, the ecological balance is maintained, and the method has important significance for constructing the northwest and the west of beautiful mountains and rivers. The ecological restoration is to control physical, chemical, biological and even social culture elements in an ecological system by an artificial method according to natural rules and restore the structure and the function of the ecological system, so that the ecological system tends to be stable and can be self-maintained, and the social, economic and ecological benefits are realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an ecological restoration method for sand iron mine trace land in a arid desert region, which can quickly improve the soil structure of the sand iron mine trace land, enrich the diversity of plants in the region, promote the recovery of vegetation and enable a degraded ecological system to achieve ecological balance and virtuous cycle.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an ecological restoration method for sand iron mine trace land in a arid desert region, comprising the following steps:

(1) the sand iron mine is partitioned into regions, and the surface morphology is restored in the regions;

(2) constructing a plant community configuration mode suitable for a restoration area, and preparing an ecological restoration artificial seed bank;

(3) carrying out unmanned aerial vehicle aerial sowing in the artificial seed bank;

(4) and after seeding, maintaining and monitoring the repair area regularly.

Further, in the step (1), the method for partitioning the sand-iron mine by the trace comprises the following steps: mining pits and dumps are used as key repair areas, and other areas are used as general repair areas.

Furthermore, the method for recovering the surface morphology by regions comprises the following steps: filling and compacting the bottom of a mining pit in a key restoration area by using mining area waste and construction waste, backfilling by using soil materials of a dumping yard, and finishing and leveling the yard after backfilling; after soil is removed from a waste dump, flat ground finishing is carried out on the top, a side slope is finished, and the slope is smaller than 20 degrees; the general restoration area is mainly used for dismantling waste house facilities and clearing waste garbage, and then leveling treatment is carried out after completion.

Further, in the step (2), the method for constructing the plant community configuration mode of the area suitable for repair comprises the following steps: and (4) investigating peripheral plant communities and a soil seed bank, screening out plants in an area suitable for ecological restoration, and constructing a suitable plant community configuration mode.

Furthermore, the method for preparing the ecological restoration artificial seed bank comprises the following steps: mixing pioneer plants, dominant plants and a drought-resistant repair matrix according to a proper plant community configuration mode, and then carrying out large-grained treatment by using a seed pelleting machine to prepare a large-grained artificial seed bank; the drought-resistant repair matrix comprises natural sodium bentonite mineral powder, potassium fulvate mineral powder, licorice root waste residue powder, super absorbent resin and carbendazim wettable powder.

Further, in the step (3), after the first snow in autumn, the artificial seed bank is sown by using an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Further, in the step (4), the method for maintaining and monitoring the repair area after sowing comprises the following steps: the iron wire fence is maintained for 5 years in a closed mode, and the periphery of the iron wire fence is provided with a signboard; and (4) carrying out vegetation and soil investigation every year for 3 years continuously after planting, and carrying out reseeding on severe seedling-lacking areas.

The method for restoring the ecological land tracking of the mine in the desert area, disclosed by the invention, can be used for sowing after the first snow in autumn, effectively utilizing natural snowfall and preserving water, and laying a foundation for seed germination in the next year. The pelleted seeds solve the problem that the pelleted seeds are easy to blow away by wind after being sowed, and meanwhile, earth covering and pressing are not needed after the pelleted seeds are sowed, so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the manpower is saved. The water and fertilizer retention components in the drought-resistant restoration matrix improve the germination rate and survival rate of sowing, and meanwhile, the plant components of the artificial seed bank are established by utilizing a plant community configuration mode suitable for a restoration area, wherein pioneer plants have the effects of quickly accumulating soil nutrients, promoting community succession, improving population structure and promoting vegetation restoration, meanwhile, abundant plant organisms supplement soil, improve soil structure, enable soil quality evolution to tend to grow positively, and enable a degraded ecosystem to achieve ecological balance and virtuous cycle. The dominant plants accelerate succession of communities, rapidly enrich species diversity of communities, and form virtuous circle of mine land ecological restoration by vegetation restoration and gradual soil quality improvement.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the ecological restoration method for the sandy iron mine land in the arid desert area, provided by the invention, the artificial seed bank material is easy to obtain, the cost is low, the drought-resistant restoration matrix can improve the germination of plant seeds and promote the growth of the plant seeds in the seedling stage, the flying sowing efficiency of the unmanned aerial vehicle is high, a large amount of labor cost is saved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application of ecological restoration in the sandy iron mine land in the arid desert area.

Detailed Description

The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.