阅读说明：本技术 一种温室火龙果套种凤梨和百香果的方法 (Method for interplanting pineapple and passion fruit in greenhouse dragon fruit ) 是由 孙猛 孙绍春 赵岩 王雪松 于 2020-07-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于作物间作套种技术领域。本发明公开了一种温室火龙果套种凤梨和百香果的方法,通过整地、种植规格、种苗选择与处理、种植方法、种植时间、施肥方法、田间管理、果实收获等步骤,实现了火龙果与凤梨、百香果的间作套种。本发明充分利用温室光热资源的空间分布与火龙果、凤梨和百香果的环境适应性和生长结果习性,将这三种农作物进行间作套种,使空间资源和土地资源利用最大化。(The invention belongs to the technical field of crop intercropping and interplanting. The invention discloses a method for interplanting pineapples and passion fruits in a greenhouse, which realizes the intercropping and interplanting of the dragon fruits, the pineapples and the passion fruits through the steps of land preparation, planting specification, seedling selection and treatment, planting method, planting time, fertilization method, field management, fruit harvest and the like. The invention fully utilizes the spatial distribution of greenhouse photo-thermal resources, the environmental adaptability and the growth fruiting habit of the dragon fruit, the pineapple and the passion fruit, and intercrops and interplanting are carried out on the three crops, so that the utilization of the spatial resources and the land resources is maximized.)

1. A method for interplanting pineapple and passion fruit in greenhouse dragon fruit is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) soil preparation

Ridging a field on the south side of a greenhouse (east-west direction) aisle, wherein the ridge height is 15-20cm, the ridge width is 95-105cm, and the distance between the ridge and the center of the ridge is 200 cm; flattening the field close to the back wall on the north side of the greenhouse aisle along the east-west direction of the greenhouse, wherein the width of the field is 35-40 cm;

2) planting specification

The dragon fruit is cultivated in a single-row rack mode by adopting upright columns, the upright columns are built in the middle of ridges, the plant spacing is set to be 2-2.2m, and the plant spacing is 40-45 cm;

the pineapples are planted on ridges at two sides of the dragon fruit and on the open ground of a front bottom corner, the planting distance is 40cm, and the row spacing is 50 cm;

the passion fruit is planted on a field which is close to the back wall on the north side of the corridor of the greenhouse, the distance between the passion fruit and the back wall is 15-20cm, and the planting distance is 1 m;

3) seedling selection and processing

Selecting healthy, mature and 30-40cm high cutting seedlings cultivated on a seedbed for the dragon fruit seedlings, sterilizing and airing for later use;

selecting a bud seedling with the height of 20-30cm and the stem thickness of 3-4cm from the pineapple, removing a plurality of leaves at the base, soaking the base in 1000 times of a 25% carbendazim wettable powder solution for disinfection, and airing for later use;

selecting healthy and well-growing detoxified seedlings with the height of 20-30cm for later use;

4) planting method

Planting dragon fruit seedlings in the center of a ridge, wherein the distance between every two seedlings is 40-45cm, and the roots of the dragon fruit seedlings are deeply buried in the soil for 2-3 cm;

planting pineapples, digging fixed planting holes at the positions of two sides of the ridge, which are 25cm away from the center of the ridge, along the ridging direction according to the plant spacing of 40cm, connecting the front bottom corners with the vacant land, ridging, planting the fixed planting holes according to the row spacing of 50cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, putting seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the seedlings, applying base fertilizer in a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling;

firstly, determining planting holes according to the plant spacing of 1m, applying 3-5kg of base fertilizer, uniformly mixing with soil, then putting passion fruit seedlings into the planting holes, and covering soil; sprinkling enough root fixing water after the field planting of the three crops;

5) time of planting

The planting time of the pineapples and the dragon fruits is 1-12 months; the planting time of the passion fruit is 9-10 months;

6) fertilizing method

Base fertilizer, before planting, combining soil plowing and soil preparation, and applying enough organic fertilizer; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruit, the pineapple and the passion fruit, and the fertilizing amount is 400-450 kg/mu;

topdressing, namely fertilizing according to 0.5-1kg of biological organic fertilizer per plant after planting the dragon fruit seedlings for 20-30 days; applying 3-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each dragon fruit tip tapping fertilizer, flower tapping fertilizer and flower strengthening and fruit strengthening fertilizer;

fertilizing after the pineapples are planted and survived, and performing external root topdressing for 2-3 times by using 0.3% urea and 1% potassium chloride leachate after survival; before bud extraction, applying 10-13g of nitrogen, 7-9g of phosphorus and 12-15g of potassium to the plants, and applying fertilizers every other month for two times in total; then applying the foliar fertilizer every other month; when inflorescence differentiates and develops, applying pre-flowering fertilizer and applying 0.5-1kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the plant; applying 0.5-1.5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the picked fruit;

applying 0.5-1.5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant 30-40 days after the passion fruit is planted and survived, and applying 3-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant for the flower attacking fertilizer and the flower strengthening and fruit strengthening fertilizer;

7) management of field

Pruning and pinching new shoots during the dragon fruit planting period, pinching when branches grow to 1.2-1.3m, promoting branching, and allowing the branches to naturally droop; cutting out branches which have been fruited for more than 2 years after picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again;

the pineapple is planted for 10-12 months, the length of the leaves reaches more than 60-70cm, and the flower is promoted when the number of the leaves reaches more than 30; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; the flower forcing is carried out in 4 months or 9 months; meanwhile, the prevention and control of diseases and pests are paid attention to;

1/2 old plants are pulled out every year after 2 years of planting of the passion fruit, passion fruit seedlings are re-planted according to the methods of the steps 2) to 6), and water and fertilizer management, branch thinning and fruit thinning and pest control are carried out timely;

8) harvesting of fruits

The dragon fruit, the pineapple and the passion fruit are picked irregularly after being ripe.

2. The method for interplanting pineapple and passion fruit in greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the seedling treatment of the dragon fruit in the step 3) is as follows: selecting stem cutting strips with full stems, cutting the stem cutting strips into 16-20cm long, dipping the cut with rooting agent, inserting into a seedbed paved with seedling substrate with 20-30cm thickness, and growing the stem with full stem meat of the first stem to obtain the seedling.

3. The method for interplanting pineapple and passion fruit in greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the step 4) further comprises a single-row double-line rack with the height of 1.2-1.3m for the dragon fruit and the passion fruit, and a double-line net rack with the height of 2-2.5m for the passion fruit.

4. The method for interplanting pineapples and passion fruits in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the dragon fruits, the pineapples and the passion fruits are planted in the step 5) in the time sequence.

5. The method for interplanting pineapple and passion fruit in greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the step 6) is prepared by stacking and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cow dung 700-containing materials, 180 parts of bean cakes 120-containing materials, 50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30-50 parts of straws, 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria and 1 part of brown sugar; the fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days.

6. The method for interplanting pineapple and passion fruit in greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer added in the dragon fruit topdressing process and the passion fruit planting process in the step 6) comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10-25 parts of furfural, 10-25 parts of sawdust, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-2.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 0.2-1.0 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2-1.0 part of potassium fertilizer and 0.01-0.08 part of brassinolide.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop intercropping and interplanting, in particular to a method for interplanting pineapples and passion fruits in a greenhouse.

Background

The intercropping and interplanting is a planting mode which selects crops with correspondingly complementary morphological characteristics and growth characteristics, fully utilizes natural resources such as water, soil, light and heat and the like, and improves the light energy, nutrient and land utilization rate.

The dragon fruit is also called red dragon fruit, immortal honey fruit, sweetie fruit, sesame fruit and the like, belongs to perennial climbing fleshy plants of Hylocereus undatus of Cactaceae (Cactaceae), belongs to tropical and subtropical fruit trees, originates from tropical rainforest and desert area of central America, is cultivated in Taiwan of China mostly for decades, and develops for about 32 million acres in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and the like in China continental countries in recent years, wherein the Fujian is about 2 million acres and has a rapid development momentum. The dragon fruit integrates fruits, flowers, vegetables and health care into a whole, and has high economic value. The root system of the dragon fruit is developed, has no obvious main root and is shallow and is mostly distributed in a surface soil layer of 2-15 cm; the stem vines are provided with climbing roots which grow upwards on the shed frame or other columnar supports; the plant grows vigorously, has strong germination force and branch force, and can grow all the year round; the leaves are not available, photosynthesis is completed by stem vines, and fleshy stem vines are thick and are in a triangular column shape or a quadrangular prism shape. The dragon fruit has the advantages of strong adaptability, fast growth, early fruiting, large fruit, high yield, no big or small years and the like.

Pineapple can be eaten fresh and processed into canned sugared pineapple, pineapple juice and the like, and fresh pineapple can be quickly frozen: washing, removing peel, removing core, cutting into pieces, freezing at-35 deg.C, and storing at-20 deg.C to obtain the product with the same nutrition as fresh pineapple. In addition, the byproducts in pineapple processing can be used for preparing sugar, alcohol, monosodium glutamate, citric acid and the like. The pineapple is rich in nutrition, and comprises sugar, protein, fat, vitamin A, B1, B2, C, proteolytic enzyme, calcium, phosphorus, iron, organic acids, nicotinic acid and the like, wherein the content of the vitamin C is the highest.

The passion fruit is also called eggfruit, is a perennial evergreen vine of tropical and subtropical passion of passionfruiaceae, is originally produced in the southern part of Brazil, has peculiar leaf shape, bright color and evergreen four seasons, is an oval berry, has the weight of 60-120 g of a single fruit, has clear and yellow juice and beautiful fragrance, has the rich fragrance and special flavor of more than ten kinds of fruits such as pomegranate, pineapple, strawberry, lemon, mango, plum and the like, and is thus named as the passion fruit. The passion fruit contains rich protein, fat, alkali acid, sugar, vitamins, various compounds such as phosphorus, calcium, iron and potassium, and 17 amino acids, and is rich in nutrition. The passion fruit essence is a name of beverage king, and the fruit juice can be processed into a pure natural high-quality beverage, which has unique flavor, rich nutrition, nourishing and body building effects, and is helpful for digestion and short in market supply. Can also be processed into fruit juice, jam, jelly, and preserved fruit.

The greenhouse pitaya leaves more vacant land on the rear wall, the front bottom corner and the like due to the rack type planting, so that the problem of low space utilization rate exists, and land resource waste is caused to a certain extent; the pitaya in the greenhouse of 12-5 months is in a dormant season, no fruit is produced, the problem of low time utilization rate exists, time waste is caused, the intercropping can effectively and comprehensively utilize land resources and time resources, the planting structure is reasonably adjusted, and the income of farmers is increased. In the prior art, the dragon fruits and other plants are intercropped to achieve the purpose, for example, a planting method for intercropping the pineapples and the dragon fruits is disclosed in patent 201710673026.6; patent CN201611027306.1 discloses a dragon fruit intercropping and interplanting method; a planting method for interplanting beautiful millettia root in dragon fruit disclosed in patent CN201810700098.X; patent CN201910000175.5 discloses a method for interplanting pitaya and strawberry, which is an open field cultivation mode and is not suitable for greenhouse conditions.

In conclusion, the invention discloses a method for interplanting pineapples and passion fruits in a greenhouse, which utilizes the growth characteristics of the dragon fruits, the pineapples and the passion fruits in space and the time complementarity of the fruit output and the more consistent environmental adaptability to intercropping the three crops, thereby maximizing the utilization of space resources, land resources and time resources.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a method for interplanting pineapples and passion fruits in a greenhouse, the method adopts the dragon fruits, the pineapples and the passion fruits for intercropping, reasonably utilizes space resources, land resources and time resources, and improves economic benefits.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for interplanting pineapple and passion fruit in greenhouse dragon fruit comprises the following steps:

1) soil preparation

Ridging a field on the south side of a greenhouse (east-west direction) aisle, wherein the ridge height is 15-20cm, the ridge width is 95-105cm, and the distance between the ridge and the center of the ridge is 200 cm; flattening the field close to the back wall on the north side of the greenhouse aisle along the east-west direction of the greenhouse, wherein the width of the field is 35-40 cm;

2) planting specification

The dragon fruit is cultivated in a single-row rack mode by adopting upright columns, the upright columns are built in the middle of ridges, the plant spacing is set to be 2-2.2m, and the plant spacing is 40-45 cm;

the pineapples are planted on ridges at two sides of the dragon fruit and on the open ground of a front bottom corner, the planting distance is 40cm, and the row spacing is 50 cm;

the passion fruit is planted on a field which is close to the back wall on the north side of the corridor of the greenhouse, the distance between the passion fruit and the back wall is 15-20cm, and the planting distance is 1 m;

3) seedling selection and processing

Selecting healthy, mature and 30-40cm high cutting seedlings cultivated on a seedbed for the dragon fruit seedlings, sterilizing and airing for later use;

selecting a bud seedling with the height of 20-30cm and the stem thickness of 3-4cm from the pineapple, removing a plurality of leaves at the base, soaking the base in 1000 times of a 25% carbendazim wettable powder solution for disinfection, and airing for later use;

selecting healthy and well-growing detoxified seedlings with the height of 20-30cm for later use;

4) planting method

Planting dragon fruit seedlings in the center of a ridge, wherein the distance between every two seedlings is 40-45cm, and the roots of the dragon fruit seedlings are deeply buried in the soil for 2-3 cm;

planting pineapples, digging fixed planting holes at the positions of two sides of the ridge, which are 25cm away from the center of the ridge, along the ridging direction according to the plant spacing of 40cm, connecting the front bottom corners with the vacant land, ridging, planting the fixed planting holes according to the row spacing of 50cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, putting seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the seedlings, applying base fertilizer in a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling;

firstly, determining planting holes according to the plant spacing of 1m, applying 3-5kg of base fertilizer, uniformly mixing with soil, then putting passion fruit seedlings into the planting holes, and covering soil; sprinkling enough root fixing water after the field planting of the three crops;

5) time of planting

The planting time of the pineapples and the dragon fruits is 1-12 months; the planting time of the passion fruit is 9-10 months;

6) fertilizing method

Base fertilizer, before planting, combining soil plowing and soil preparation, and applying enough organic fertilizer; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruit, the pineapple and the passion fruit, and the fertilizing amount is 400-450 kg/mu;

topdressing, namely fertilizing according to 0.5-1kg of biological organic fertilizer per plant after planting the dragon fruit seedlings for 20-30 days; applying 3-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each dragon fruit tip tapping fertilizer, flower tapping fertilizer and flower strengthening and fruit strengthening fertilizer;

fertilizing after the pineapples are planted and survived, and performing external root topdressing for 2-3 times by using 0.3% urea and 1% potassium chloride leachate after survival; before bud extraction, applying 10-13g of nitrogen, 7-9g of phosphorus and 12-15g of potassium to the plants, and applying fertilizers every other month for two times in total; then applying the foliar fertilizer every other month; when inflorescence differentiates and develops, applying pre-flowering fertilizer and applying 0.5-1kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the plant; applying 0.5-1.5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the picked fruit;

applying 0.5-1.5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant 30-40 days after the passion fruit is planted and survived, and applying 3-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant for the flower attacking fertilizer and the flower strengthening and fruit strengthening fertilizer;

7) management of field

Pruning and pinching new shoots during the dragon fruit planting period, pinching when branches grow to 1.2-1.3m, promoting branching, and allowing the branches to naturally droop; cutting out branches which have been fruited for more than 2 years after picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again;

the pineapple is planted for 10-12 months, the length of the leaves reaches more than 60-70cm, and the flower is promoted when the number of the leaves reaches more than 30; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; the flower forcing is carried out in 4 months or 9 months; meanwhile, the prevention and control of diseases and pests are paid attention to;

1/2 old plants are pulled out every year after 2 years of planting of the passion fruit, passion fruit seedlings are re-planted according to the methods of the steps 2) to 6), and water and fertilizer management, branch thinning and fruit thinning and pest control are carried out timely;

8) harvesting of fruits

The dragon fruit, the pineapple and the passion fruit are picked irregularly after being ripe.

Preferably, the seedling treatment of the pitaya in the step 3) comprises the following steps: selecting stem cutting strips with full stems, cutting the stem cutting strips into 16-20cm long, dipping the cut with rooting agent, inserting into a seedbed paved with seedling substrate with 20-30cm thickness, and growing the stem with full stem meat of the first stem to obtain the seedling.

Preferably, the step 4) further comprises building a dragon fruit and passion fruit growing rack, wherein the dragon fruit growing rack is a single-row double-line rack with the height of 1.2-1.3m, and the passion fruit growing rack is a double-line net rack with the height of 2-2.5 m.

Preferably, the planting time sequence of each crop in the step 5) is dragon fruit, pineapple and passion fruit.

Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step 6) is prepared by stacking and fermenting (at 50 ℃ for 7-10d) the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cow dung, 120 parts of bean cake, 180 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30-50 parts of straws, 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria and 1 part of brown sugar.

Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer added in the pitaya topdressing process and the passion fruit planting process in the step 6) comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10-25 parts of furfural, 10-25 parts of sawdust and wood chips, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-2.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 0.2-1.0 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2-1.0 part of potassium fertilizer and 0.01-0.08 part of brassinolide.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the method, the dragon fruits, the pineapples and the passion fruits are intercropped and interplanted, the dragon fruits and the pineapples are taken as main materials, the passion fruits are taken as secondary materials, the height characteristics of plants are utilized, the passion fruits are planted under the north side and near the rear wall according to the characteristics of the north side and the south side of a greenhouse, the pineapples are planted under a dragon fruit frame and at the blank of the bottom corner of the south side, space resources are fully utilized, economic benefits are improved, the passion fruits grown on the frame can be shaded, and the dragon fruits are prevented from being exposed to the sun.

2. The method reasonably matches the differences of the growth fruiting habits of the dragon fruits, the passion fruits and the pineapples, scientifically configures the planting density in the field, fully considers the advantages of the time and the space of crops and improves the intercropping effect.

3. The fertilizer applied by the invention is pollution-free and pollution-free, and the demand difference of the dragon fruits, the passion fruits and the pineapples on the fertilizer is small, so that the production cost is reduced when the fertilizer is used for interplanting crops.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.