阅读说明：本技术 高原山地薄壳山核桃矮化密植方法 (Dwarfing and close planting method for plateau mountain apocarya ) 是由 习学良 程勤 茶跃龙 桑轶敏 于 2020-07-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了高原山地薄壳山核桃矮化密植方法,选择种植园：选择坡度为10-20°,坡向为东坡、西坡或南坡的山地建园；嫁接苗选择和定植密度控制：用薄壳山核桃良种容器嫁接苗造林,嫁接苗的苗龄为2年以上,种植株行距3m×5m；施肥：秋季以放射状土壤开沟施有机肥,春季施复合肥；管理：嫁接苗种植后第二年在主干上选留5-8个侧枝,通过拉枝、扭枝综合措施,培养多主枝开心树型；第4年开始,在4-5月份,土施多效唑；对次年平均新梢长度≥30cm的树体,补充土施多效唑,每年2-3月份土施尿素,6月土施复合肥,10月下旬放射状开沟施有机肥；修剪：每年1-3月对树体进行回缩修；套种：种植园内进行套种。实现了高原山地薄壳山矮化密植,提高产量。(The invention discloses a dwarfing and close planting method of plateau mountain apocarya, which comprises the following steps: selecting a mountain land with the slope of 10-20 degrees and the slope direction of east slope, west slope or south slope for building a garden; selecting grafted seedlings and controlling planting density: grafting seedlings to afforest by using a thin-shell pecan fine variety container, wherein the seedling age of the grafted seedlings is more than 2 years, and the row spacing of the plants is 3m multiplied by 5 m; fertilizing: in autumn, ditching and applying organic fertilizer in radial soil, and in spring, applying compound fertilizer; management: selecting 5-8 lateral branches on the main trunk in the second year after the grafted seedling is planted, and culturing the multi-main-branch open-core tree type through comprehensive measures of branch pulling and branch twisting; starting in 4 th year, applying paclobutrazol in 4-5 months; supplementing soil to a tree body with the average young sprout length of more than or equal to 30cm in the next year, applying paclobutrazol, applying urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the soil in 2-3 months, 6 months and radially ditching in ten days after 10 months; trimming: the tree body is retracted and repaired every 1 to 3 months; interplanting: interplanting is carried out in the plantation. The dwarfing close planting of the plateau mountain thin-shelled mountains is realized, and the yield is improved.)

1. A dwarfing close planting method of plateau mountain pecans is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a plantation: selecting a mountain land with the slope of 10-20 degrees and the slope direction of east slope, west slope or south slope for building a garden; (2) selecting grafted seedlings and controlling planting density: grafting seedlings by using a thin-shell pecan fine variety container for afforestation, wherein the seedling age of the grafted seedlings is more than 2 years, and the specification of the seedlings is as follows: the ground diameter is more than or equal to 2cm, the height is more than or equal to 1.2m, and the row spacing of the planted plants is 3m multiplied by 5 m; fertilizing: in autumn, 10-30kg of organic fertilizer is applied in a furrow way by radial soil, and 2kg of compound fertilizer is applied in spring;

(4) management: selecting and reserving 5-8 lateral branches within the range of 100-plus-one-cm away from the ground on the main trunk in the second year after the grafted seedlings are planted, and culturing the multi-main-branch open-heart tree type through comprehensive measures of branch pulling and branch twisting; starting from the 4 th year, when the tree height is 2.5-3m and the crown diameter is more than 1.5m, 50 g/plant of paclobutrazol is applied in 4-5 months; for trees with the average young sprout length of more than or equal to 30cm in the next year, supplementing soil and applying 20 g/plant of paclobutrazol, applying 500 g/plant of urea, 3 kg/plant of compound fertilizer and 30-50 kg/plant of organic fertilizer in the soil of 2-3 months, 6 months and radially ditching in ten days of 10 months;

(5) trimming: the tree body is retracted and trimmed 1-3 months per year, the height of the tree is kept less than 3m, and the horizontal diameter of the crown is kept less than 3 m;

(6) interplanting: interplanting is carried out in the plantation; corn is interplanted in summer and autumn, and peas or green manure-sweet potatoes are interplanted in winter and spring.

2. The dwarfing close planting method of plateau mountain carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the soil of the plantation is sandy loam or soil containing lime, the pH value is 6.5-7.5, the soil is deep, loose and fertile, and the drainage in the plantation is good.

3. The dwarfing close planting method of plateau mountain carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the seedling is grafted to a large seedling by selecting a container with more than 2 years of excellent variety of carya illinoensis, and the seedling has no plant diseases and insect pests and good growth vigor.

4. The dwarfing close planting method of plateau mountain carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) carrying out regular watering and pruning in the step (4).

5. The dwarfing close planting method of plateau mountain carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the steps (3) and (4), the compound fertilizer is one or a mixture of N15, P15 and K15.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mountain apocarya dense planting, in particular to a highland mountain apocarya dwarfing and dense planting method.

Background

The pecan (Carya illinoensis K.Koch), namely the pecan and the American pecan, have native America and Mexico, belong to the high deciduous tree species of the hickory of the Juglandaceae, the nut shell is thin, smooth and beautiful, is a world famous oil dry fruit tree species, and has large market potential of nuts and products thereof, high economic benefit of cultivation and good prospect of popularization and development. The carya illinoensis grows vigorously, the height of a tree body is large, 10-year-old forests cultivated traditionally have the average tree height of 12.4m, the initial planting density is small and is generally 8-10 plants/mu, the early-stage quantity is low, the 10-year-old forests produce less than 320 kg/mu of dry fruits cumulatively, the canopy density of the forests is up to more than 90% after 15 years, ventilation and light transmission in the forests are poor, branches in inner chambers are dry and withered, fruiting parts move to the outer part and the upper part of a crown and are 5m away from the ground, fruit harvesting is difficult, diseases and pests are more, and the yield is obviously reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for dwarfing and closely planting plateau mountain apocarya, which realizes early high yield of the plateau mountain apocarya.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a dwarfing and dense planting method of plateau mountain carya illinoensis comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a plantation: selecting a mountain land with the slope of 10-20 degrees and the slope direction of east slope, west slope or south slope for building a garden;

(2) selecting grafted seedlings and controlling planting density: grafting seedlings by using a thin-shell pecan fine variety container for afforestation, wherein the seedling age of the grafted seedlings is more than 2 years, and the specification of the seedlings is as follows: the ground diameter is more than or equal to 2cm, the height is more than or equal to 1.2m, and the row spacing of the planted plants is 3m multiplied by 5 m;

(3) fertilizing: in autumn, 10-30kg of organic fertilizer is applied in a furrow way by radial soil, and 2kg of compound fertilizer is applied in spring;

(4) management: selecting and reserving 5-8 lateral branches within the range of 100-plus-one-cm away from the ground on the main trunk in the second year after the grafted seedlings are planted, and culturing the multi-main-branch open-heart tree type through comprehensive measures of branch pulling and branch twisting; starting from the 4 th year, when the tree height is 2.5-3m and the crown diameter is more than 1.5m, 50 g/plant of paclobutrazol is applied in 4-5 months; for trees with the average young sprout length of more than or equal to 30cm in the next year, supplementing soil and applying 20 g/plant of paclobutrazol, applying 500 g/plant of urea, 3 kg/plant of compound fertilizer and 30-50 kg/plant of organic fertilizer in the soil of 2-3 months, 6 months and radially ditching in ten days of 10 months;

(5) trimming: the tree body is retracted and trimmed 1-3 months per year, the height of the tree is kept less than 3m, and the horizontal diameter of the crown is kept less than 3 m;

(6) interplanting: interplanting is carried out in the plantation; corn is interplanted in summer and autumn, and peas or green manure-sweet potatoes are interplanted in winter and spring.

Further, the method comprises the following steps of; in the step (1), the soil of the plantation is sandy loam or soil containing lime, the pH value is 6.5-7.5, the soil is deep, loose and fertile, and the drainage in the plantation is good.

Further, the method comprises the following steps of; in the step (1), the seedling is grafted to a large seedling by selecting a container with more than 2 years of excellent variety of carya illinoensis, and the seedling has no plant diseases and insect pests and good growth vigor.

Further, the method comprises the following steps of; and (4) carrying out regular watering and pruning in the step (4).

Further, the method comprises the following steps of; in the steps (3) and (4), the compound fertilizer is one or a mixture of N15, P15 and K15.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the high plateau mountain pecan fine variety container grafting seedling afforestation, the afforestation survival rate is high, and the seedling revival period is short.

2. Corn is interplanted in summer and autumn and pea or green manure-sweet potato is interplanted in winter and spring in the carya illinoensis forest, biological diversity in the forest is increased, pests such as aphids and longicorn are continuously controlled, and soil organic matters can be increased by the straws.

3. The dwarfing and close planting of apocarya increases the number of plants per mu, obviously improves the yield per mu in the early stage, and simultaneously obviously reduces the cost of tree body pruning and fruit harvesting.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.