阅读说明：本技术 一种香椿芽培育新方法 (Novel cultivation method of Chinese toon sprouts ) 是由 戴军 陈云峰 廖维建 梁乃鹏 蒋华 李付伸 王劲松 申文辉 唐春红 彭玉华 李元 于 2020-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种香椿芽培育新方法,S1、种子处理；S2、育苗；S3、建设温室大棚；S4、整地；S5、移栽；S6、生长管理；S7、采收。本发明的香椿芽培育新方法采用大棚培育香椿芽,有效延长采收期,满足人们的生活所需；通过采用新方法进行种子预处理,提高香椿种子的发芽率；通过施用有机肥料,提高香椿芽产量和品质。(The invention discloses a new method for cultivating Chinese toon sprouts, which comprises the steps of S1, seed treatment; s2, seedling raising; s3, building a greenhouse; s4, soil preparation; s5, transplanting; s6, growth management; s7, harvesting. The novel method for cultivating the Chinese toon sprouts adopts the greenhouse to cultivate the Chinese toon sprouts, effectively prolongs the harvesting period and meets the living needs of people; the method has the advantages that the novel method is adopted for seed pretreatment, so that the germination rate of the cedrela sinensis seeds is improved; by applying the organic fertilizer, the yield and the quality of the Chinese toon sprouts are improved.)

1. A novel cultivation method of Chinese toon sprouts is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, seed treatment: selecting full-grain Chinese toon seeds without diseases and insect pests, soaking the Chinese toon seeds in warm water at 40-45 ℃ for 5-10min, stirring, then soaking the Chinese toon seeds in an iron nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 0.8-1.5% for 30-35min, taking out filtrate to obtain pretreated Chinese toon seeds, carrying out magnetization treatment on the pretreated Chinese toon seeds, soaking the pretreated Chinese toon seeds in nutrient water for 2-5h, taking out the filtrate, wrapping the filtrate with a plurality of layers of wet gauze, placing the wrapped seeds in warm places for accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a sand bed after the seeds crack, and keeping a seedling bed wet in the period;

s2, seedling culture: calculating the volume of peat before unpacking, crushing the peat, adding vermiculite with the same volume, mixing to obtain a matrix, applying 1-5kg of full-element compound slow-release fertilizer and 1-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to every 100kg of the matrix, uniformly stirring, filling the mixture into a seedling culture container, transplanting the mixture into a seedling accelerating and sprouting bed, removing weeds in 45-50 days after transplanting, applying a microbial agent, and then applying the bio-organic fertilizer once every 50-60 days while weeding; when the seedlings grow to 45-55cm high, the seedlings can be outplanted;

s3, building a greenhouse: the greenhouse top and the collision wall of the greenhouse are provided with a heat collecting film, a heat preservation film and a sunshade net, wherein the heat collecting film consists of a titanium dioxide film layer, a light-transmitting glass fiber film and a silicon dioxide film layer, namely the outer surface of the light-transmitting glass fiber film is coated with the titanium dioxide film layer, and the inner surface of the light-transmitting glass fiber film is coated with the silicon dioxide film layer; the heat collecting film, the heat preservation film, the sunshade net and the shading film are respectively controlled by the receiving and transmitting wheels which are respectively connected; the receiving and transmitting wheels are installed on the shed beam, the sprayer and the light supplementing lamp are installed on the shed beam, and the airflow fan is installed at the corner of the shed beam and the shed wall;

s4, soil preparation: soil preparation is carried out before planting, 1000-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 35-50 kg of biological organic fertilizer and 300 kg of peat are applied to each mu of land; deeply turning 30-50 cm after fertilizing, and finely preparing soil to form a south-north planting ridge with the ridge width of 1.2-1.8 m and the pavement width of 20-25 cm;

s5, transplanting: planting according to the row spacing of 0.8 m multiplied by 1.2 m, digging a planting depth of 30 cm , placing the nursery stock while filling soil, slightly lifting the nursery stock once when the soil is filled to 10-15 cm, then covering the soil again, and watering the nursery stock with root fixing water;

s6, growth management: adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to 78-82%, and keeping the air flowing; the sprayer is started to spray for 1 time every day, 1 hour every time, and the water is watered for 1 time every 6 to 8 days; ensuring the illumination time to be 12-14 hours every day by combining natural light with a light supplement lamp; simultaneously, 100kg of bio-organic fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu every week, and when the seedlings grow to 1.2-1.5 m, the tops are cut off to promote germination;

s7, harvesting: picking when the tender bud of the Chinese toon grows to 10-13 cm; the seeds can be picked 10-12 times in one year, and 400 kilograms of seeds can be picked per mu each time; continuously picking for 3 times, and then dressing once fertilizer, wherein each plant is dressed with 800 g of decomposed farmyard manure, 150 g of biological organic fertilizer and 5-20 g of microbial agent; when picking, each cluster leaves 2-3 pieces of compound leaves at the base part to maintain the energy required by normal growth.

2. The new cultivation method of Chinese toon sprouts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of animal dried meat floss, 20-50 parts of peanut bran, 20-50 parts of humic acid and 5-15 parts of alginic acid.

3. The new cedrela sinensis bud cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer further comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, wherein the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 0.20 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a novel method for cultivating Chinese toon sprouts.

Background

Toona sinensis is a perennial deciduous tree of the Meliaceae family, most planted in Shandong, Henan and Hebei. The tender shoots and tender leaves of the Chinese toon are collectively called Chinese toon shoots, are rich in vitamin C, high-quality protein, mineral substances such as phosphorus, iron and the like, vegetable valuables with high nutritional value and medicinal value, and have unique strong aroma, delicious flavor, crisp texture and juicy taste. Because of the influence of field environment conditions and the existing cultivation technology, the time for Chinese toon sprouts to appear on the market has a supply blank period of several months, and the continuous demand of people is difficult to meet. The greenhouse planting is adopted, so that the supply period of the Chinese toon sprouts can be prolonged, and the problem of the supply blank period is solved; the problem of increasing the yield and quality of the cedrela sinensis buds is urgently needed to be solved while the supply of the cedrela sinensis buds is prolonged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel method for cultivating Chinese toon sprouts, which prolongs the harvesting period, improves the yield and improves the quality.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a novel method for cultivating Chinese toon sprouts, which comprises the following steps:

s1, seed treatment: selecting dwarf cedrela sinensis variety seeds with full particles and no plant diseases and insect pests, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40-45 ℃ for 5-10min, stirring, then soaking the seeds in ferric nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 0.8-1.5% for 30-35min, taking out filtrate to obtain pretreated cedrela sinensis seeds, magnetizing the pretreated cedrela sinensis seeds, soaking the seeds in nutrient water for 2-5h, performing sand bed sowing after mouth cracking, and keeping a seedling bed moist during the period;

s2, seedling culture: calculating the volume of peat before unpacking, crushing the peat, adding vermiculite with the same volume, mixing to obtain a matrix, applying 1-5kg of full-element compound slow-release fertilizer and 1-5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to every 100kg of the matrix, uniformly stirring, filling the mixture into a seedling culture container, transplanting the mixture into a seedling accelerating and sprouting bed, removing weeds in 45-50 days after transplanting, applying a microbial agent, and then applying the bio-organic fertilizer once every 50-60 days and weeding simultaneously; when the seedlings grow to 45-55cm high, the seedlings can be outplanted;

s3, building a greenhouse: the greenhouse top and the collision wall of the greenhouse are provided with a heat collecting film, a heat preservation film and a sunshade net, wherein the heat collecting film consists of a titanium dioxide film layer, a light-transmitting glass fiber film and a silicon dioxide film layer, namely the outer surface of the light-transmitting glass fiber film is coated with the titanium dioxide film layer, and the inner surface of the light-transmitting glass fiber film is coated with the silicon dioxide film layer; the heat collecting film, the heat preservation film, the sunshade net and the shading film are respectively controlled by the receiving and transmitting wheels which are respectively connected; the receiving and transmitting wheels are installed on the shed beam, the sprayer and the light supplementing lamp are installed on the shed beam, and the airflow fan is installed at the corner of the shed beam and the shed wall;

s4, soil preparation: soil preparation is carried out before planting, 1000-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 35-50 kg of biological organic fertilizer and 300 kg of peat are applied to each mu of land; deeply turning 30-50 cm after fertilizing, and finely preparing soil to form a south-north planting ridge with the ridge width of 1.2-1.8 m and the pavement width of 20-25 cm;

s5, transplanting: planting according to the row spacing of 0.8 m multiplied by 1.2 m, digging a planting depth of 30 cm , placing the nursery stock while filling soil, slightly lifting the nursery stock once when the soil is filled to 10-15 cm, then covering the soil again, and watering the nursery stock with root fixing water;

s6, growth management: adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to 78-82%, and keeping the air flowing; the sprayer is started to spray for 1 time every day, 1 hour every time, and the water is watered for 1 time every 6 to 8 days; ensuring the illumination time to be 12-14 hours every day by combining natural light with a light supplement lamp; simultaneously, 100kg of bio-organic fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu every week, and when the seedlings grow to 1.2-1.5 m, the tops are cut off to promote germination;

s7, harvesting: picking when the tender bud of the Chinese toon grows to 10-13 cm; the seeds can be picked 10-12 times in one year, and 400 kilograms of seeds can be picked per mu each time; continuously picking for 3 times, and then dressing once fertilizer, wherein each plant is dressed with 800 g of decomposed farmyard manure, 150 g of biological organic fertilizer and 5-20 g of microbial agent; when picking, each cluster leaves 2-3 pieces of compound leaves at the base part to maintain the energy required by normal growth.

Further, the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of animal dried meat floss, 20-50 parts of peanut bran, 20-50 parts of humic acid and 5-15 parts of alginic acid.

Furthermore, the biological organic fertilizer also comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis (1:1), wherein the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 0.20 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

by adopting the method, the Chinese toon sprouts are cultivated in the greenhouse, so that the harvesting period is effectively prolonged, and the living needs of people are met; the method has the advantages that the novel method is adopted for seed pretreatment, so that the germination rate of the cedrela sinensis seeds is improved; by applying the organic fertilizer, the yield and the quality of the Chinese toon sprouts are improved.

Detailed Description