阅读说明：本技术 一种高海拔坡耕地杂交花椒品种选育种植方法 (Hybrid pepper variety breeding and planting method for high-altitude slope farmland ) 是由 周于洪 喻邦云 汪兴勇 于 2020-08-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高海拔坡耕地杂交花椒品种选育种植方法,属于农业领域,杂交选育包含：选择高海拔地区本地优良青花椒品种和异地九叶青花椒品种,在花期进行杂交,收集种子再次培育和选育即得。种植方法,包含种子采收、浸种、播种、移栽、定植、种植管理等步骤。其选育的杂交花椒品种,继承了九叶青花椒和本地青花椒的多种优良品质。具有适应高海拔地区种植的强抗病性、抗凝冻性及高耐旱性,其花椒品质,独具特色。市场前景好,推广价值高。(The invention discloses a hybrid pepper variety breeding and planting method for high-altitude slope cropland, belonging to the field of agriculture, and the hybrid breeding comprises the following steps: selecting local excellent green pepper varieties in high-altitude regions and different nine-leaf green pepper varieties, hybridizing in the flowering phase, collecting seeds, and cultivating and breeding again to obtain the wild green pepper variety. The planting method comprises the steps of seed harvesting, seed soaking, sowing, transplanting, field planting, planting management and the like. The bred hybrid pepper variety inherits various excellent qualities of the nine-leaf green pepper and the local green pepper. Has strong disease resistance, freezing resistance and drought tolerance suitable for planting in high altitude areas, and has unique pepper quality. Good market prospect and high popularization value.)

1. A method for breeding hybrid pepper varieties in high-altitude slope cropland is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting local excellent green pepper varieties in high altitude areas, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years; selecting a different-place excellent variety of the nine-leaf green pepper, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years;

s2, before the flowering phase comes, topdressing and spraying a flower retention agent; picking pistils and pollen of zanthoxylum bungeanum at the flowering phase of zanthoxylum bungeanum, performing artificial pollination on flowers of zanthoxylum bungeanum in a high-altitude area, and performing artificial pollination 3-5 times at each flowering phase; then, cultivating and maturing pepper fruits in the high-altitude area, and collecting seeds;

s3, breeding, transplanting and planting the pepper seeds obtained in the step S2 in a high altitude area, observing for 3 years, carrying out preferential marking on excellent pepper plants successfully bred by hybridization, respectively reserving seeds, and keeping the tree age for 3-5 years;

s4, respectively carrying out secondary seedling raising, transplanting and planting on the pepper reserved in the step S3 in a high altitude area according to the parent plant region, observing for 3 years, and carrying out special marking on the plant with good pepper characteristic retention and the parent plant thereof; the pepper plants marked specially are the successful varieties of seed selection.

2. The method for breeding and planting hybrid pepper varieties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the judgment standard of the good pepper in the steps S3 and S4 is as follows: the bark is dark brown or green, and has a shape of tumor or protrusion, thick fruit skin and green fruit color.

3. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in high-altitude slope farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) seed harvesting: selecting a mother plant which is successfully selected, and reserving the mother plant for seed production when the tree age is more than 5 years; after seed collection, the seeds are dried in the sun for 24-40 hours, the drying can be carried out for a plurality of times and a plurality of days, and then the seeds are dried in the shade in a ventilated place for 15-20 days;

2) soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in warm water, adding a little plant ash and washing powder, controlling the pH value to be 10-11, uniformly stirring, soaking for 20-40 hours in a normal-temperature environment, then draining, adding warm water, rubbing for 10-20 minutes to remove the oil on the surface, placing in a humid shade, standing overnight, and waiting for sowing;

3) sowing, sowing in spring in a nursery garden, applying 1100kg of fertilizer per mu in ploughing, burying the fertilizer in soil, raking surface soil, irrigating, sowing 40-50kg per mu, covering fine soil, covering a film with an arched shed, ventilating every noon after emergence of seedlings, and replenishing water in the evening;

4) transplanting, namely transplanting the seedlings to a field or soil fertilizing after the height of the seedlings is 30cm, wherein the row spacing is 1.5 m, topdressing organic fertilizer and water fertilizer can be applied, the seedlings can be sold when the height is 0.8-2 m, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings to a plateau slope farmland for planting;

5) planting, selecting sunny slope farmland with the elevation of 800-1500 m and the gradient of 15-70%, digging a large pit, applying base fertilizer, putting 50 g of quicklime powder at the bottom of the pit, filling soil after planting and irrigating;

6) planting management, wherein 20 days after planting, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once, and 40 days later, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once; after the seedlings are 3 m high, dressing a persistent fertilizer, trimming branches and leaves, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and weeding in time.

4. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seed temperature cannot exceed 43 ℃ during the sun planting, and the sun planting is stopped when the temperature is too high.

5. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of plant ash and water used for seed soaking is 1.5-2%, and the mass ratio of washing powder and water is 0.8-1.2%.

6. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland according to claim 2, wherein the depth of the planted pits is 40cm, and the pit distance is 2-2.5 m.

7. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland according to claim 2, wherein the application of the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the water supplement can be performed by sprinkling irrigation or foliar sprinkling.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for breeding and planting hybrid pepper varieties in high-altitude slope cropland.

Background

The pepper is Rutaceae, Laxylum deciduous tree, the peel of the pepper is rich in aromatic oil, the oil content of the seed is 25-30%, and the peel and the seed can be used as medicines. Can also be used as spice, oil, medicinal material, health product and cosmetic, etc., is a multipurpose economic tree species, and has large market demand.

The Chinese prickly ash is drought-enduring and sunshine-loving, and is widely planted in various parts of China. With the development of agriculture and forestry technology in China, the planting area of various economic crops is continuously enlarged, and high-quality planting land is more and more rare. Particularly, most of cloud plateau areas are mountain areas, the altitude is high, the root systems of the existing zanthoxylum bungeanum quality are shallow and are easy to be frozen, and the yield value of the zanthoxylum bungeanum planted in the high altitude areas is always to be improved.

Therefore, improvement of pepper planting technology is especially necessary for high-altitude slope cultivated land areas such as cloud and precious areas.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve the pepper planting technology of high-altitude slope cropland and provides a method for breeding and planting hybrid pepper varieties in the high-altitude slope cropland.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:

a method for breeding hybrid pepper varieties in high-altitude slope cropland comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting local excellent green pepper varieties in high altitude areas, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years; selecting a different-place excellent variety of the nine-leaf green pepper, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years;

s2, before the flowering phase comes, topdressing and spraying a flower retention agent; picking pistils and pollen of zanthoxylum bungeanum at the flowering phase of zanthoxylum bungeanum, performing artificial pollination on flowers of zanthoxylum bungeanum in a high-altitude area, and performing artificial pollination 3-5 times at each flowering phase; then, cultivating and maturing pepper fruits in the high-altitude area, and collecting seeds;

s3, breeding, transplanting and planting the pepper seeds obtained in the step S2 in a high altitude area, observing for 3 years, carrying out preferential marking on excellent pepper plants successfully bred by hybridization, respectively reserving seeds, and keeping the tree age for 3-5 years;

s4, respectively carrying out secondary seedling raising, transplanting and planting on the pepper reserved in the step S3 in a high altitude area according to the parent plant region, observing for 3 years, and carrying out special marking on the plant with good pepper characteristic retention and the parent plant thereof; the pepper plants marked specially are the successful varieties of seed selection.

The judgment standard of the good pepper in the steps S3 and S4 is as follows: the bark is dark brown or green, and has a shape of tumor or protrusion, thick fruit skin and green fruit color.

The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland comprises the following steps:

1) seed harvesting: selecting a mother plant which is successfully selected, and reserving the mother plant for seed production when the tree age is more than 5 years; after seed collection, the seeds are dried in the sun for 24-40 hours, the drying can be carried out for a plurality of times and a plurality of days, and then the seeds are dried in the shade in a ventilated place for 15-20 days;

2) soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in warm water, adding a little plant ash and washing powder, controlling the pH value to be 10-11, uniformly stirring, soaking for 20-40 hours in a normal-temperature environment, then draining, adding warm water, rubbing for 10-20 minutes to remove the oil on the surface, placing in a humid shade, standing overnight, and waiting for sowing;

3) sowing, sowing in spring in a nursery garden, applying 1100kg of fertilizer per mu in ploughing, burying the fertilizer in soil, raking surface soil, irrigating, sowing 40-50kg per mu, covering fine soil, covering a film with an arched shed, ventilating every noon after emergence of seedlings, and replenishing water in the evening;

4) transplanting, namely transplanting the seedlings to a field or soil fertilizing after the height of the seedlings is 30cm, wherein the row spacing is 1.5 m, topdressing organic fertilizer and water fertilizer can be applied, the seedlings can be sold when the height is 0.8-2 m, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings to a plateau slope farmland for planting;

5) planting, selecting sunny slope farmland with the elevation of 800-1500 m and the gradient of 15-70%, digging a large pit, applying base fertilizer, putting 50 g of quicklime powder at the bottom of the pit, filling soil after planting and irrigating;

6) planting management, wherein 20 days after planting, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once, and 40 days later, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once; after the seedlings are 3 m high, dressing a persistent fertilizer, trimming branches and leaves, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and weeding in time.

The seed temperature can not exceed 43 ℃ during the sun-seeding, and the sun-seeding is stopped when the temperature is too high.

The mass ratio of plant ash to water used for seed soaking is 1.5-2%, and the mass ratio of washing powder to water is 0.8-1.2%.

The depth of the planting pits is 40cm, and the pit distance is 2-2.5 m.

The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer application and the water supplement can be carried out by adopting a spray irrigation or leaf surface spraying mode.

The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme does: the method for breeding and planting the hybrid variety of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the high-altitude slope farmland comprises the step of hybridizing local green Zanthoxylum bungeanum and nine-leaf green Zanthoxylum bungeanum in a high-altitude region, breeding a variety with characters close to that of the nine-leaf green Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and adaptively inheriting the variety of the local green Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The variety has strong disease resistance, freezing resistance and drought tolerance suitable for planting in high altitude regions, and the quality of the pepper is unique. The planting method for breeding hybrid pepper varieties adopts the techniques of special seed treatment, secondary transplanting and field planting and the like, fully utilizes the advantages of illumination and climate in high-altitude areas, and has the advantages of good seedling quality, good seedling growth vigor, thick pepper fruit skin, fragrant and pure taste. Good market prospect and high popularization value.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention. Referring to the drawings, like numbers indicate like or similar elements throughout the views. The described embodiments are only some, not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.