阅读说明：本技术 一种大乔木地苗全冠移植方法 (Full-crown transplanting method for arbors seedlings ) 是由 黄杰 林思慧 张艳龙 黄晓丹 林金城 李佛珍 于 2020-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种大乔木地苗全冠移植方法,地苗一次断根后在原地进行养护,在断根处通过太阳网包覆土球、绳状物捆扎固定、土工布遮挡护根、吸水树脂吸水保水、薄膜阻隔和防止水分过度蒸发、椰糠促根保水的处理下,相互促进相互作用,达到促进苗木根系快速愈合和新芽生长,是苗木土球处形成坚硬度和紧实度增强、外侧根系保护内侧根系的根系球,从而确保足够幼根来吸收以满足供需平衡,达到减小移植土球尺寸、降低运输维护成本和提高移植存活率的效果,适用于大乔木的地苗全冠移植。(The invention provides a method for transplanting a full crown of a seedling of a big tree, which is characterized in that the seedling is maintained in situ after once root cutting, under the treatment of covering soil balls at the root cutting part by a solar net, binding and fixing rope-shaped objects, shielding and protecting the root by geotextile, absorbing water and retaining water by water-absorbent resin, blocking films, preventing excessive evaporation of water and promoting root retention by coco chaff, mutual promotion and interaction are realized, so that the rapid healing and the new bud growth of the seedling root system are promoted, the seedling soil balls form root system balls with enhanced hardness and compactness and the inner root system is protected by the outer root system, thereby ensuring enough young roots to absorb to meet the balance of supply and demand, reducing the size of the transplanted soil balls, reducing the transportation and maintenance cost and improving the transplanting survival rate, and the method is suitable for transplanting the full crown of the seedling of the big tree.)

1. A full crown transplanting method for arbors seedlings is characterized in that: the full crown transplantation method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) and (3) performing primary root cutting treatment on the large tree seedlings: cutting 70-80% of root systems of the arbors in the nursery, which are distributed on two sides of the soil ball, and keeping 20-30% of the root systems distributed on two sides of the soil ball;

(2) and (3) coating the broken root part with soil balls:

the method comprises the following steps that 1-3 layers of solar nets are densely wrapped on the side surfaces of the root breaking positions of soil balls, and ropes are wound on the outer sides of the solar nets for 3-5 circles and then are fastened and fixed;

secondly, secondary wrapping, fixing and protecting the roots of the wrapped soil balls by adopting geotextile;

filling a layer of root promoting substance mixed by one or more of coconut chaff, pine bark and charcoal soil in a gap accommodating cavity formed by the geotextile and the solar net;

fourthly, at least one layer of transparent film for isolating the root system from contacting with the external soil is tightly covered on the outer side of the geotextile, the opening of the transparent film is positioned on the upper surface of the soil ball, and the distance between the edge of the transparent film and the edge of the trunk of the seedling is 1/2-1 times of the breast diameter of the seedling;

(3) curing and root-continuing treatment: the conventional maintenance root-promoting method is adopted to carry out the nursery seedling maintenance on the spot until the root system can be seen to grow through the transparent film;

(4) secondary root cutting treatment: and (3) cutting the roots of the residual 20-30 percent of the roots of the seedlings of the big tree without any treatment at the root cutting position, transporting the seedlings to a construction site, removing the transparent film, the geotextile and the rope-shaped objects, and planting the seedlings with the solar net according to a conventional planting mode.

2. The method for transplanting the whole canopy of the seedlings of the arbors according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the reserved 20-30% of root systems contain 2-3 big roots, and at least 1 big root is distributed on each of the two opposite sides.

3. The method for transplanting the whole canopy of the seedlings of the arbors according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the soil ball in the step (1) is 2-3 times of the diameter at breast height of the nursery stock, and the root cutting depth is more than 1 m.

4. The method for transplanting the whole canopy of the seedlings of the arbors according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the side surface of the broken root part of the soil ball is densely wrapped by adopting a single-layer solar net, so that the air permeability and the water permeability of the root system of the seedling are ensured, the tight and loose wrapping is ensured, and the dropping is prevented.

5. The method for transplanting the whole canopy of the seedlings of the arbors according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the geotextile is wrapped from the soil ball upwards until the height of the geotextile above the tree trunk and the surface of the soil ball is 20-30 cm.

6. The method for transplanting the whole canopy of the seedlings of the arbors according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and a layer of coconut coir is filled in a gap accommodating cavity formed by the geotextile and the solar net.

7. The method for transplanting the whole canopy of the seedlings of the arbors according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the geotextile in the step (2) is of a double-layer interlayer structure, and water-absorbent resin layers are uniformly distributed in the interlayer.

8. The method for transplanting the whole canopy of the seedlings of the arbors according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) shading the branches and leaves of the seedlings by using a solar net in the transportation process.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling transplantation, in particular to a full-crown transplanting method for seedlings in a large arbor field.

Background

The seedling transplantation is a process of digging ground seedlings or transplanted seedlings from a seedling field or a nursery and then transporting the ground seedlings or the transplanted seedlings to a construction site for planting. Because the ground seedling transplantation directly plants the seedling on the construction site after the root of the seedling is cut, compared with the transplantation of the seedling, the planting mode has lower cost, but the construction site is not easy to be uniformly managed, so the survival rate is reduced, and the manual maintenance wastes time and labor; the transplanting seedling is to transport the field seedling to the middle nursery garden to maintain and take root, then transport to the construction site to plant, the planting mode can improve the survival rate of the seedling transplanting, but because the special professional needs to maintain and take root, the transplanting is carried out, the cost is also obviously improved.

Whether the seedling grows or not lies in the balance of water and nutrient supply and demand. The water and nutrient absorbed by the nursery stock from the outside are the young root and root hair, especially the end of the root system. After the seedling is cut off from the seedling field and before the seedling is transplanted to take root, the water absorption capacity of the root system is very weak because the root system is damaged to a certain degree, and the nutrient and water can not be absorbed from the outside through the root system basically, so that the moisture preservation treatment of the root system after the root is cut off is meaningless. Most of water and nutrients of the seedlings are lost from branches and leaves mainly due to transpiration, most of root systems, particularly fine roots, of the seedlings are damaged when the roots of the seedlings are cut off before transplanting, the damaged root systems can reduce or lose the capacity of absorbing water and nutrients, if the original nutrient and water requirements are kept, the supply and demand of the seedlings are unbalanced and the seedlings die, so that the branches and leaves are cut or cut off in the seedling transplanting process to reduce the demand, the supply and demand difference is reduced, and the survival rate is guaranteed. Therefore, the seedling needs to protect the roots as much as possible in the transplanting process or cut branches and leaves in the transplanting and transporting process so as to reduce transpiration and reduce water loss to ensure the survival of the seedling.

The root protection measure is mainly to prevent the root system of the scattered soil from breaking by increasing the size of the seedling transplanting soil ball and coating the fixing soil ball, so that most of small root systems of the seedling transplanting soil ball are not damaged to be beneficial to absorbing water, but the transportation and maintenance cost is increased for big trees. The operation of cutting branches and leaves is to reduce transpiration and reduce water loss to ensure the survival of the nursery stock under the condition that the water absorption capacity of the nursery stock root system is poor, but the operation is not feasible for the arbor with longer recovery period, and the recovery period required by the arbor according to different canopy beating amounts can reach 2-6 years, which obviously reduces the economic benefit.

Therefore, the invention aims to provide the full-crown transplanting method for the seedlings of the big trees, which can reduce the damage of root systems, particularly young roots and root hairs, ensure the balance of water supply and demand of seedlings, reduce the transplanting cost and improve the transplanting survival rate on the basis of full-crown transplanting of the big trees, reducing the size of transplanted soil balls and reducing the transportation and maintenance cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for transplanting arbors seedlings with full crowns, which can ensure that the seedlings form root balls with enhanced hardness and compactness before transplantation, and the outer root systems protect the inner root systems to meet the demand and supply balance of the seedlings, thereby reducing the size of the transplanted soil balls, reducing the transportation and maintenance cost and improving the transplantation survival rate.

A full crown transplanting method for a large tree seedling comprises the following specific steps:

(1) and (3) performing primary root cutting treatment on the large tree seedlings: cutting 70-80% of root systems of the arbors in the nursery, which are distributed on two sides of the soil ball, and keeping 20-30% of the root systems distributed on two sides of the soil ball;

(2) and (3) coating the broken root part with soil balls:

the method comprises the following steps that 1-3 layers of solar nets are densely wrapped on the side surfaces of the root breaking positions of soil balls, and ropes are wound on the outer sides of the solar nets for 3-5 circles and then are fastened and fixed;

secondly, secondary wrapping, fixing and protecting the roots of the wrapped soil balls by adopting geotextile;

filling a layer of root promoting substance mixed by one or more of coconut chaff, pine bark and charcoal soil in a gap accommodating cavity formed by the geotextile and the solar net;

fourthly, at least one layer of transparent film for isolating the root system from contacting with the external soil is tightly covered on the outer side of the geotextile, the opening of the transparent film is positioned on the upper surface of the soil ball, and the distance between the edge of the transparent film and the edge of the trunk of the seedling is 1/2-1 times of the breast diameter of the seedling;

(3) curing and root-continuing treatment: the conventional maintenance root-promoting method is adopted to carry out the nursery seedling maintenance on the spot until the root system can be seen to grow through the transparent film;

(4) secondary root cutting treatment: and (3) cutting the roots of the residual 20-30 percent of the roots of the seedlings of the big tree without any treatment at the root cutting position, transporting the seedlings to a construction site, removing the transparent film, the geotextile and the rope-shaped objects, and planting the seedlings with the solar net according to a conventional planting mode.

The reserved 20-30% of root systems contain 2-3 big roots, and at least 1 big root is distributed on each of the two opposite sides.

The diameter of the soil ball in the step (1) is 2-3 times of the diameter at breast height of the nursery stock, and the root cutting depth is more than 1 m.

In the step (1), the side surface of the broken root part of the soil ball is densely wrapped by adopting a single-layer solar net, so that the air permeability and the water permeability of the root system of the seedling are ensured, the tight and loose wrapping is ensured, and the dropping is prevented.

In the step (2), the geotextile is wrapped from the soil ball upwards until the height of the geotextile above the tree trunk and the surface of the soil ball is 20-30 cm.

And a layer of coconut coir is filled in a gap accommodating cavity formed by the geotextile and the solar net.

And (3) the geotextile in the step (2) is of a double-layer interlayer structure, and water-absorbent resin layers are uniformly distributed in the interlayer.

And (4) shading the branches and leaves of the seedlings by using a solar net in the transportation process.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention is suitable for the whole crown transplantation of the seedlings of the big trees, the seedlings are maintained in situ after the seedlings are cut off roots once, under the treatment of covering soil balls at the root cutting positions by a solar net, binding and fixing by rope-shaped objects, shielding and protecting the roots by geotextile, absorbing water and retaining water by water absorbent resin, blocking by films and preventing excessive evaporation of water, and promoting root retention by coco chaff, mutual promotion and interaction are realized, so as to promote the rapid healing of the seedling root systems and the growth of new buds, the growth of the new buds takes the soil balls and the solar net as substrates, takes the geotextile as a boundary, and is intertwined with each other to form the root system balls with large and concentrated number of thin roots, enhanced hardness and compactness, and the root system balls at the inner side of the root system protection, thereby the size of the transplanted soil balls can be reduced, and the seedlings still have sufficient roots and root hairs for absorbing water and nutrient so as to meet the supply and demand requirements of the whole crown when being, the water supply and demand balance after transplantation can be ensured, the survival rate of the packaged nursery stock is improved, and the survival rate of the transplantation is improved to more than 95 percent from about 30 to 45 percent of the survival rate of original-place seedling transplantation and 80 to 90 percent of the survival rate of transplanted seedling transplantation in spring and winter; in summer and autumn, the survival rate is improved to 70-80% from the survival rate of original-place seedling transplantation which is not higher than 5% and the survival rate of transplanted seedling transplantation which is 10-20%, so that the seedling transplantation is carried out in summer and autumn, the requirements of construction sites are met, the transplantation flexibility is improved, and the cost is obviously reduced relative to the transplanted seedling.

(2) The young roots and root hairs with the absorption function of the nursery stocks are mainly distributed at the periphery of the tree crowns, if the tree crowns are not large, the root systems are concentrated relatively, the roots do not need to be cut off in advance, and soil balls of the young roots are relatively small, so that the young roots and the root hairs have no great influence on transportation and maintenance cost and transplanting survival rate. However, for large tree crowns and large trees with large breast diameters, the dispersion range of the young roots and the root hairs is large, the largest soil balls are adopted to retain more fine roots, but the transportation and maintenance cost is obviously increased, and therefore the mode of secondary root breaking is of great significance to the survival rate guarantee. The transplanting method of the invention is that 70-80% of roots of seedlings are firstly cut off and then continuously planted in an original nursery, 20-30% of roots are reserved for absorbing water and nutrients to enable the seedlings to grow, the reserved roots are reserved on two opposite sides and need to contain 2-3 big roots, and at least 1 big root is distributed on each of the two opposite sides, thus the supporting stability and the defensive performance of the big tree seedlings can be ensured, and no additional support frame is needed for supporting and fixing.

(3) According to the invention, 70% -80% of root systems after root breaking are tightly tied and coated with soil balls in the original nursery garden through the solar net and the rope-shaped objects, so that the loose root systems of the soil balls are prevented from being broken again; the geotechnical cloth is wrapped at one side of the outer side of the solar net, can isolate the root system of the broken root from the original soil and has proper moisture-preserving and shading effects, can avoid the exposure of the damaged root system and prevent the root system from extending into the original soil after growing so as to be secondarily damaged during transplantation; a proper containing cavity is formed by the geotextile and the solar net and is used for filling materials such as coconut chaff and the like, and the geotextile has fluffiness and water-retaining property, and can promote the rapid growth of new roots and the rapid healing of damaged roots; the geotextile and the fluffy coconut chaff have a buffering effect, so that the newly grown rootlets and root hairs, particularly the outmost rootlets and root hairs can be protected in the transportation process, and the damage caused by collision and vibration in transportation can be avoided; the film can completely isolate new roots from original soil, has a water locking effect, controls irrigated water in the film to attack nursery stock absorption, and reduces water loss.

(4) Because the new roots of the seedlings are completely controlled in the film, the size of the transplanted soil balls is reduced, and the transportation and maintenance cost can be reduced. When the nursery stock is maintained to take root, new roots grow vigorously and are interwoven and wound with one another to form root system balls which are large and concentrated in number of thin roots, the hardness and the compactness are enhanced, the outer root systems protect the inner root systems, even if the film and the geotextile are disassembled during subsequent transplantation, the damage to the young roots and root hairs of the nursery stock is extremely small, the nursery stock completely has enough young heels and root hairs for absorbing water and nutrients to ensure the balance of supply and demand of the nursery stock, and the nursery stock can be directly transplanted without an intermediate nursery stock maintenance procedure, so that the transplantation cost is reduced.

(5) The geotextile adopts a double-layer and interlayer structure, the interlayer is filled with the water-absorbing resin for improving the water-absorbing and water-retaining effects, the nursery stock has luxuriant young roots and root hairs for absorbing water, the growth requirement of the nursery stock can be met by only pouring a proper amount of water in the film during transportation, and the nursery stock can be ensured to grow continuously in a balanced manner even during transportation.

Detailed Description

Specific examples are given below to further illustrate the present invention.

A full crown transplanting method for a large tree seedling comprises the following specific steps:

(1) and (3) performing primary root cutting treatment on the large tree seedlings: cutting 70% -80% of root systems of the large arbor seedlings distributed on two sides of a soil ball, wherein the diameter of the soil ball is 2-3 times of the breast height of the seedlings, and the root cutting depth is more than 1 m; reserving 20-30% of root systems distributed on two sides of the soil ball, reserving that the root systems contain 2-3 big roots, and distributing at least 1 big root on two opposite sides respectively;

(2) and (3) coating the broken root part with soil balls:

the lateral surface of the broken root part of the soil ball is densely wrapped by adopting a single-layer solar net, and the rope-shaped object is wound for 3-5 circles outside the solar net and then is fastened and fixed, so that the air permeability and the water permeability of the root system of the seedling are ensured, the tight and loose wrapping is ensured, and the falling off is prevented;

secondly, secondary wrapping, fixing and protecting roots of the wrapped soil balls by adopting geotextile, wherein the geotextile is required to wrap the soil balls upwards until the distance between the geotextile and the upper part of the tree trunk and the surface of the soil balls is 20-30cm, the geotextile is of a double-layer interlayer structure, and water-absorbing resin layers are uniformly distributed in the interlayer;

filling a layer of coconut chaff in a gap accommodating cavity formed by the geotextile and the solar net;

fourthly, the outer side of the geotextile is tightly covered with a transparent film to isolate the root system from the transparent film contacted with the external soil, the opening of the transparent film is positioned on the upper surface of the soil ball, and the distance between the edge of the transparent film and the edge of the trunk of the seedling is 1/2-1 times of the breast diameter of the seedling;

(3) curing and root-continuing treatment: the conventional maintenance root-promoting method is adopted to carry out the nursery seedling maintenance on the spot until the root system can be seen to grow through the transparent film;

(4) secondary root cutting treatment: and (3) cutting the roots of the residual 20-30 percent of the roots of the seedlings of the big tree without any treatment at the root cutting position, transporting the seedlings to a construction site, removing the transparent film, the geotextile and the rope-shaped objects, and planting the seedlings with the solar net according to a conventional planting mode.

Selecting 300 arbors, kernel flour, autumn maple, cercis chinensis, sapium sebiferum, goldenrain tree and ilex chinensis with the same quantity, wherein seedlings of the same variety all come from the same nursery garden and grow consistently, dividing 300 seedlings into three equal parts, transplanting 100 seedlings in the full crown transplanting mode in the conventional transplanting mode, transplanting 100 seedlings in the full crown transplanting mode in spring, transplanting the seedlings in the Gampur bridge in spring, and planting in the same maintenance mode, wherein the planting conditions are as shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1 nursery stock transplanting condition comparison record table

As can be seen from table 1: the survival rate of the seedlings of the same variety directly transplanted by the seedlings is about 30-40%, the survival rates of different varieties are different, but the cost of directly transplanting the seedlings is relatively low, and the direct transplantation of the seedlings is only suitable for individual seedling varieties in comprehensive consideration. The survival rate of transplanted seedlings of the same variety is about 80-90%, which is obviously improved compared with field seedling transplantation, but the cost is obviously improved because special persons need to perform special and full-time unified management and maintenance. The survival rate of the seedlings of the same variety transplanted by adopting the transplanted seedlings is up to 95 percent on the whole, and because the procedure of intermediate nursery maintenance is omitted, the seedlings are directly subjected to rooting maintenance, the cost is reduced by a plurality of times compared with the transplanted seedlings, and the survival rate is improved by a plurality of times. The method of the invention ensures that the nursery stock has enough and complete radicle and root hair before transplanting, ensures that the nursery stock absorbs water for satisfying the balance of supply and demand, can ensure the nursery stock to continue to breathe and grow even if only pouring proper water in the transportation process, and can form a root system ball with self-protection capability because the radicle and the root hair of the nursery stock are compactly controlled in the soil ball, thereby obviously reducing the size of the transplanted soil ball compared with the traditional transplanting method.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.