阅读说明：本技术 一种复合肥及其制备方法 (Compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 吴礼树 徐亮 陈路 于 2021-07-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种复合肥及其制备方法,所述复合肥原料包括磷酸二氢铵、硫酸钾、褐藻寡糖、γ-聚谷氨酸、壳寡糖、微量元素螯合物和醉马草提取物,通过引入褐藻寡糖、γ-聚谷氨酸、壳寡糖可以大幅度改善植物的生长性能,微量元素螯合物可以为植物生长提供长效的微量元素,醉马草提取物的加入则使植物的竞争性得到提高,同时使植物的抗逆性和抗虫害性均得到显著的提高,所述制备方法为,首先将除醉马草提取物以外的物料混合并造粒,然后将醉马草提取物喷洒在造粒得到的复合肥颗粒上,从而得到最终产品。(The invention provides a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials of the compound fertilizer comprise ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, brown alga oligosaccharide, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, trace element chelate and buddleia officinalis extract, the growth performance of plants can be greatly improved by introducing the brown alga oligosaccharide, the gamma-polyglutamic acid and the chitosan oligosaccharide, the trace element chelate can provide long-acting trace elements for the growth of the plants, the competitiveness of the plants is improved by adding the buddleia officinalis extract, and the stress resistance and the pest resistance of the plants are obviously improved.)

1. A compound fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, alginate oligosaccharide, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, microelement chelate and buddleia officinalis extract.

2. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

3. the compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

4. the compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microelement chelate is one or a mixture of more of zinc EDTA chelate, manganese EDTA chelate, iron EDTA chelate, copper EDTA chelate, calcium EDTA chelate and magnesium EDTA chelate.

5. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of said buddleia extract comprises:

selecting a complete buddleia, taking the rhizome of the buddleia, and sequentially cleaning the surface of the rhizome by using sterile water, alcohol and hypochlorous acid to obtain a clean buddleia rhizome;

pulverizing the rhizome of Wikstroemia indica, press-filtering to obtain filtrate, adding the filtrate into culture solution, and fermenting at 25-35 deg.C for 4-8 hr to obtain Wikstroemia indica extract.

6. Compound fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that the filtrate: the volume ratio of the culture solution is 1 (5-20).

7. Compound fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that the culture liquid comprises, in 100% by mass:

8. a method for producing a compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:

step S1, weighing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, alginate oligosaccharide, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and trace element chelate according to the mass parts, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain first mixed powder, mixing the first mixed powder with water according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1:100, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed slurry;

step S2, spray drying and granulating the mixed slurry by adopting a spray drying method to obtain a compound fertilizer precursor;

and step S3, spraying the buddleia extract on the surface of the compound fertilizer precursor after granulation is finished, and obtaining the compound fertilizer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant fertilizers, in particular to a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The fertilizer is a substance which provides one or more nutrient elements necessary for plants, improves the soil property and improves the soil fertility, and the compound fertilizer is a fertilizer containing two or more nutrient elements.

However, in an area with a particularly severe environment, the requirement for plant growth may not be met by simply adding a fertilizer containing only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements to improve the soil, on one hand, the active ingredients in the fertilizer may react with acid radical ions in the soil to be solidified, and further adversely affect the soil, and on the other hand, the effect of the severe environment may also affect the absorption of the plant on the active ingredients of the fertilizer.

In view of the above, in the prior art, an improvement additive is usually added into a fertilizer to improve the comprehensive fertility of the fertilizer and improve the adaptability of the plant to the severe environment, but if the application of the effective ingredients is stopped, the plant still has difficulty in resisting the severe environment and is not beneficial to long-term plant growth improvement.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a fertilizer additive with a long-acting promoting effect, and a preparation method and application thereof.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention provides a compound fertilizer, which comprises the following raw materials: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, alginate oligosaccharide, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, microelement chelate and buddleia officinalis extract.

On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the raw materials of the compound fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by mass:

on the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the raw materials of the compound fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by mass:

on the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the microelement chelate is one or a mixture of more of EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated copper, EDTA chelated calcium and EDTA chelated magnesium.

Still more preferably, the buddleia extract is a buddleia extract containing endophyte.

On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the preparation method of the buddleia extract comprises:

selecting a complete buddleia, taking the rhizome of the buddleia, and sequentially cleaning the surface of the rhizome by using sterile water, alcohol and hypochlorous acid to obtain a clean buddleia rhizome;

pulverizing the rhizome of Wikstroemia indica, press-filtering to obtain filtrate, adding the filtrate into culture solution, and fermenting at 25-35 deg.C for 4-8 hr to obtain Wikstroemia indica extract.

On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the filtrate: the volume ratio of the culture solution is 1 (5-20).

On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the culture solution comprises, by mass percent, 100%:

the invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

step S1, weighing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, alginate oligosaccharide, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and trace element chelate according to the mass parts, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain first mixed powder, mixing the first mixed powder with water according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1:100, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed slurry;

step S2, spray drying and granulating the mixed slurry by adopting a spray drying method to obtain a compound fertilizer precursor;

and step S3, spraying the buddleia extract on the surface of the compound fertilizer precursor after granulation is finished, and obtaining the compound fertilizer.

The compound fertilizer provided by the invention can be applied to stress-resistant planting of wheat.

Compared with the prior art, the compound fertilizer and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:

(1) compared with the conventional compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer also has a plurality of components with biological promotion effect, wherein the brown algae oligosaccharide can promote plants to synthesize growth hormone and promote the growth of root systems, thereby being beneficial to improving the nutrient absorption;

(2) the gamma-polyglutamic acid can effectively prevent the solidification of cationic trace elements, and the gamma-polyglutamic acid can be combined with various cations and slowly released, so that the fertility of the soil can be improved for a long time;

(3) the addition of the chitosan oligosaccharide can also improve the growth of plants and enhance the growth of root systems so as to improve the absorption of the chitosan oligosaccharide to nutrient substances, and meanwhile, the chitosan oligosaccharide can improve the drought resistance and lodging resistance of the plants;

(4) in order to solve the problem that the barren land is lack of trace elements, chelated trace elements are added, so that the soil fertility is enhanced, and meanwhile, the loss of the trace elements can be effectively avoided;

(5) the addition of the buddleja extract not only improves the growth performance of plants and the competitiveness with other plants, but also improves the cold resistance and drought resistance of the plants so that the plants can adapt to more severe environment, on one hand, the buddleja extract probably has substances for inhibiting the growth of other plants, on the other hand, endophytes of the buddleja can provide necessary growth substances and stress-resistant substances for the plants, thereby improving the stress resistance of the plants.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Preparing the buddleia extract:

selecting buddleia officinalis plants, taking rhizome, respectively washing with sterile water until no obvious pollutant exists, washing with 75% alcohol and hypochlorous acid for surface washing and disinfection, and draining to obtain clean buddleia officinalis rhizome;

the rhizome of buddleia is put into a grinder for grinding, and 20kg of filtrate generated by grinding is taken.

Weighing 2kg of peptone, 1kg of yeast extract, 15kg of glucose, 5kg of agar and 77kg of water, mixing and stirring uniformly with 20kg of filtrate, storing in a storage tank, and storing at 25 ℃ for 4h to obtain the buddleia extract.

Preparing a compound fertilizer:

weighing 10kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 5kg of potassium sulfate, 5kg of alginate oligosaccharide, 1kg of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1kg of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1kg of EDTA chelated iron and 2300L of water, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed slurry, performing spray granulation by using a spray dryer to obtain a compound fertilizer precursor, and spraying 0.1kg of buddleia officinalis extract on the surface of the compound fertilizer precursor to obtain the compound fertilizer.

Example 2

Preparing the buddleia extract:

selecting buddleia sinensis plants containing endophytes, taking rhizomes, respectively washing with sterile water until no obvious pollutant exists, washing with 75% alcohol and performing surface washing and disinfection with hypochlorous acid, and draining after washing to obtain clean buddleia sinensis rhizomes;

the rhizome of buddleia is put into a grinder for grinding, and 10kg of filtrate generated by grinding is taken.

Weighing 3kg of peptone, 2kg of yeast extract, 18kg of glucose, 6kg of agar and 71kg of water, mixing and stirring uniformly with 10kg of filtrate, storing in a storage tank, and storing at 28 ℃ for 5h to obtain the buddleia extract.

Preparing a compound fertilizer:

weighing 15kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 8kg of potassium sulfate, 8kg of alginate oligosaccharide, 2kg of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 2kg of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2kg of EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated copper, a mixture of EDTA chelated calcium and EDTA chelated magnesium and 3700L of water, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed slurry, performing spray granulation by a spray dryer to obtain a compound fertilizer precursor, and spraying 0.2kg of buddleia extract on the surface of the compound fertilizer precursor to obtain the compound fertilizer.

Example 3

Preparing the buddleia extract:

selecting buddleia sinensis plants containing endophytes, taking rhizomes, respectively washing with sterile water until no obvious pollutant exists, washing with 75% alcohol and performing surface washing and disinfection with hypochlorous acid, and draining after washing to obtain clean buddleia sinensis rhizomes;

the rhizome of buddleia is put into a grinder for grinding, and 15kg of filtrate generated by grinding is taken.

Weighing 5kg of peptone, 1kg of yeast extract, 20kg of glucose, 7kg of agar and 67kg of water, mixing and stirring uniformly with 15kg of filtrate, storing in a storage tank, and storing at 30 ℃ for 6h to obtain the buddleia extract.

Preparing a compound fertilizer:

weighing 20kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate, 12kg of alginate oligosaccharide, 3kg of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 2kg of chitosan oligosaccharide, 3kg of EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated copper, a mixture of EDTA chelated calcium and EDTA chelated magnesium and 5000L of water, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed slurry, performing spray granulation by using a spray dryer to obtain a compound fertilizer precursor, and spraying 0.3kg of buddleia extract on the surface of the compound fertilizer precursor to obtain the compound fertilizer.

Example 4

Preparing the buddleia extract:

selecting buddleia sinensis plants containing endophytes, taking rhizomes, respectively washing with sterile water until no obvious pollutant exists, washing with 75% alcohol and performing surface washing and disinfection with hypochlorous acid, and draining after washing to obtain clean buddleia sinensis rhizomes;

the rhizome of buddleia is put into a grinder to be ground, and 5kg of filtrate generated by grinding is taken.

Weighing 6kg of peptone, 1.5kg of yeast extract, 22kg of glucose, 8.5kg of agar and 62kg of water, mixing and stirring uniformly with 5kg of filtrate, storing in a storage tank, and storing at 32 ℃ for 7h to obtain the buddleia extract.

Preparing a compound fertilizer:

weighing 25kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 12kg of potassium sulfate, 15kg of brown algae oligosaccharide, 2kg of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 2kg of chitosan oligosaccharide, 4kg of EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated copper, a mixture of EDTA chelated calcium and EDTA chelated magnesium and 6000L of water, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed slurry, performing spray granulation by using a spray dryer to obtain a compound fertilizer precursor, and spraying 0.4kg of buddleia extract on the surface of the compound fertilizer precursor to obtain the compound fertilizer.

Example 5

Preparing the buddleia extract:

selecting buddleia sinensis plants containing endophytes, taking rhizomes, respectively washing with sterile water until no obvious pollutant exists, washing with 75% alcohol and performing surface washing and disinfection with hypochlorous acid, and draining after washing to obtain clean buddleia sinensis rhizomes;

the rhizome of buddleia is put into a grinder for grinding, and 8kg of filtrate generated by grinding is taken.

Weighing 7kg of peptone, 2kg of yeast extract, 25kg of glucose, 10kg of agar and 56kg of water, mixing and stirring uniformly with 8kg of filtrate, storing in a storage tank, and storing at 35 ℃ for 8h to obtain the buddleia extract.

Preparing a compound fertilizer:

weighing 30kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15kg of potassium sulfate, 20kg of alginate oligosaccharide, 4kg of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 3kg of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5kg of EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated copper, a mixture of EDTA chelated calcium and EDTA chelated magnesium and 7700L of water, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed slurry, performing spray granulation by using a spray dryer to obtain a compound fertilizer precursor, and spraying 0.5kg of buddleia extract on the surface of the compound fertilizer precursor to obtain the compound fertilizer.

Comparative example:

30kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15kg of potassium sulfate and 4500L of water are weighed, mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain mixed slurry, and spray granulation is carried out through a spray dryer to obtain the compound fertilizer.

The compound fertilizers prepared in the above embodiments and the comparative ratios are respectively used for planting sunshine 818 wheat, the planting test land is Hebei, one mu of test field is divided into six blocks, the seeding amount in each block is 1kg, the land blocks are turned over before seeding, 5kg of the compound fertilizer is respectively applied to each block, then 5kg of the compound fertilizer is respectively applied when the wheat grows to the green returning period, and 10kg of the compound fertilizer is applied again when the ear is pulled. And (3) until the seeds are finally matured, collecting the seeds, calculating and weighing, and counting the shapes, root systems and the sick and falling conditions of the plants in the whole growth period, wherein the results are shown in the following table:

grouping

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Comparative example

Yield of the product

112kg

114kg

114kg

115kg

114kg

84kg

Shape of grain

Full seed

Full seed

Full seed

Full seed

Full seed

Full seed

The data show that the wheat yield of the compound fertilizer is obviously higher, and the effective components added into the compound fertilizer can bring substantial improvement to plant growth.

Comparing the forms of the plants, observing the seedling emergence speed, the tillering number and the growth height of the jointing stage, and obtaining the following comparison results:

the wheat using the compound fertilizer of the invention is obviously superior to the wheat using the conventional compound fertilizer in growth performance, and has good growth performance, the tillering number of the wheat is obviously improved, but the partial tillering and ear emergence effect is not good, probably because of insufficient fertilizer supply, the whole growth performance of the plant is good, and the height is obviously higher than that of the wheat using the conventional compound fertilizer.

The disease and lodging conditions of the corresponding plants were investigated, and the results were as follows:

grouping	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5	Comparative example
							Number of falling over	4	3	3	3	3	36
Number of diseases	0	0	0	0	0	12

The wheat adopting the compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention is obviously improved in lodging resistance and disease and pest resistance, and meanwhile, the embodiment data is in north of river, the soil is dry and the temperature is low, so that the compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention is laterally proved to be capable of improving the cold resistance and drought resistance of plants.

To further verify the cold resistance, wheat seedlings were subjected to tests using sunshine 818, and the germination rates of wheat seeds were compared at 10 ℃, 12 ℃ and 14 ℃ respectively, with the following results:

grouping

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Comparative example

10℃

3 days

3 days

3 days

2 days

3 days

8 days

12℃

3 days

2 days

2 days

2 days

2 days

7 days

14℃

2 days

2 days

2 days

1 day

1 day

5 days

It is easy to see that the compound fertilizer can effectively improve the growth performance and the tolerance performance of wheat under the condition of low temperature.

Microorganisms can be introduced into the compound fertilizer by adding the endophyte-infected buddleia extract, so that the competitiveness of plants applied to the compound fertilizer is improved, and the stress resistance and insect pest resistance of the compound fertilizer are improved.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.