阅读说明：本技术 一种自主间歇式除冰装置及其安装方法和除冰方法 (Autonomous intermittent deicing device and installation method and deicing method thereof ) 是由 胡站伟 何苗 肖春华 柳庆林 张平涛 郭奇灵 赵献礼 于 2020-07-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于飞行器除冰技术领域,具体涉及一种自主间歇式除冰装置及其安装方法和除冰方法。其中一种自主间歇式除冰装置,包括记忆材料支架和电加热模块,所述记忆材料支架设置若干个,若干个记忆材料支架连接电加热模块；所述记忆材料支架设置在内壁上时,使电加热模块具有两种状态；状态一：电加热模块的接触面与内壁不接触；状态二：电加热模块的接触面与内壁接触。电加热模块对冰层局部瞬时快速加热,冰层与内壁接触面汽化带来的气压可以破碎较大范围冰层；对比现有技术中缓慢加热,本发明具有单位面积除冰的能量利用率更高的优点；且本发明还具有结构简单可靠的优点。(The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft deicing, and particularly relates to an autonomous intermittent deicing device, and an installation method and a deicing method thereof. The autonomous intermittent deicing device comprises a plurality of memory material supports and electric heating modules, wherein the plurality of memory material supports are connected with the electric heating modules; when the memory material bracket is arranged on the inner wall, the electric heating module has two states; the first state: the contact surface of the electric heating module is not contacted with the inner wall; and a second state: the contact surface of the electric heating module is in contact with the inner wall. The electric heating module is used for instantly and rapidly heating the local part of the ice layer, and the air pressure caused by the vaporization of the contact surface of the ice layer and the inner wall can crush the ice layer in a larger range; compared with slow heating in the prior art, the invention has the advantage of higher energy utilization rate of deicing in unit area; the invention also has the advantages of simple and reliable structure.)

1. An autonomic intermittent type formula defroster which characterized in that: the device comprises memory material supports (1) and electric heating modules (2), wherein the memory material supports (1) are arranged in a plurality, and the memory material supports (1) are connected with the electric heating modules (2); when the memory material bracket (1) is arranged on the inner wall (3), the electric heating module (2) has two states;

the first state: the contact surface (21) of the electric heating module (2) is not contacted with the inner wall (3);

and a second state: the contact surface (21) of the electric heating module (2) is in contact with the inner wall (3).

2. An autonomous intermittent deicing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the memory material support (1) is provided with one, and the electric heating module (2) is arranged in the middle of the memory material support (1).

3. An autonomous intermittent deicing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the memory material support (1) sets up two at least, and a plurality of memory material supports (1) all are connected with electric heating module (2).

4. An autonomous intermittent deicing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the material of the memory material bracket (1) comprises high-temperature shape memory alloy, low-temperature shape memory alloy, shape memory ceramic or shape memory polymer.

5. An autonomous intermittent deicing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the contact surface (21) of the electric heating module (2) is matched with the inner wall (3).

6. An autonomous intermittent deicing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the electric heating module (2) is an electric heating rod.

7. A method of installing an autonomous intermittent deicing apparatus comprising the deicing apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that: the electric heating device is characterized in that one memory material support (1) is arranged, the electric heating module (2) is arranged in the middle of the memory material support (1), and two ends of the memory material are connected to the inner wall (3);

or the two memory material supports (1) are arranged, one ends of the two memory material supports (1) are connected to the inner wall (3), and the other ends of the two memory material supports are connected with the electric heating module (2).

8. A method of installing an autonomous interstitial deicing apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the deicing device rotates by taking a connecting point of the memory material bracket (1) and the inner wall (3) as a circle center.

9. A deicing method for an autonomous intermittent deicing apparatus, comprising the deicing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electric heating module (2) and the memory material bracket (1) do periodic motion and intermittently impact heat on the ice surface.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft deicing, and particularly relates to an autonomous intermittent deicing device, and an installation method and a deicing method thereof.

Background

When an airplane passes through a cloud layer containing supercooled water drops, the windward surfaces of a plurality of parts can be frozen, such as wings, the front edge of a tail wing, propellers, an engine air inlet, sensor probes such as an airspeed tube, windshield glass and the like, and corresponding parts of a helicopter, a main rotor of a rotor wing and a tail rotor of the helicopter can be frozen. When the icing protection is not carried out or the protection is not good, the icing causes the lift-drag characteristic of the airplane to be deteriorated, the stall attack angle and the stability margin to be reduced, and the maneuverability to be reduced, so that the engine is flamed out in the air, the flight display data is distorted, and the like.

Therefore, the icing of the aircraft not only affects the flight performance of the aircraft, but also threatens the flight safety of the aircraft, and causes the damage to the aircraft and the death of people.

From the 20 th 50 s to date, various anti-icing methods and deicing methods have been developed, and compared with the anti-icing method, the deicing method is to remove ice by starting heating after a small amount of sustainable ice layers are formed, so that energy is saved, and the method is widely applied.

The deicing method is divided into a hot air deicing method and an electrothermal deicing method. The electrothermal deicing method is easier to control, an energy-saving periodic heating mode can be adopted, and along with the trend of development of more electricity and even full electricity of the airplane, the application of the electrothermal deicing system is increased day by day, and for example, the latest Boeing 787 airplane wing adopts an advanced electrothermal deicing method.

In the process of heating and deicing, on one hand, the ice layer is heated by the attached aircraft skin, ice tightly attached to the skin is heated to generate phase change and melt, a thin liquid layer is formed, the adhesion force of the ice layer and the surface is reduced, meanwhile, the ice layer can generate thermal stress in the ice layer due to heating, and the ice layer is correspondingly deformed and generates cracking, warping or size change or even is broken at the stress concentration position; on the other hand, the interface between the ice layer and the external air flow is also subjected to the action of pressure and shearing force generated pneumatically, corresponding internal stress is generated in the ice layer, and the adhesive force between the ice layer and the surface is changed; and, because ice has poor thermal conductivity, if the temperature of the outer surface of the ice layer is still low while heating, under icing conditions, icing on the outer surface of the ice layer continues.

The existing electric heating deicing method of the aircraft mainly depends on means such as electric heating of an engine and the like to realize local heating of skin at an icing part, the heating temperature rises slowly, a large amount of energy is used for coating ice on the surface of the skin and melting the ice into water, and the efficient stripping of an ice layer is not realized; in addition, in the case of a thick ice layer, with the thermal deicing method, it is also possible to face local melting of the inside of the ice layer, but the outer ice layer still covers the aircraft surface under the effect of the aerodynamic forces of flight.

In summary, the existing electrothermal deicing method still has the defects: not only has poor stripping effect on the ice layer, but also has high energy consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an autonomous clearance type deicing device and a deicing method, and aims to solve the problems of poor ice layer stripping effect and high energy consumption in the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an autonomous intermittent deicing device comprises a plurality of memory material supports and electric heating modules, wherein the plurality of memory material supports are connected with the electric heating modules; when the memory material bracket is arranged on the inner wall, the electric heating module has two states;

the first state: the contact surface of the electric heating module is not contacted with the inner wall;

and a second state: the contact surface of the electric heating module is in contact with the inner wall.

The working principle is as follows: when the electric heating module is not heated, the position of the electric heating module is in a first state; after the electric heating module is heated, the temperature rises, and the position of the electric heating module is in a second state. Wherein the position change of the electric heating module is realized by the shape change of the memory material bracket.

And the contact condition of the electric heating module and the inner wall is automatically controlled through the memory material bracket. When the temperature of the electric heating module is not increased to a high temperature, the memory material bracket is in a low-temperature state, and the electric heating module is suspended in the air so as not to be directly contacted with the inner wall with ice, thus being beneficial to the temperature rise of the electric heating module; when the temperature of the electric heating module rises to high temperature, the memory material bracket is in a high-temperature form, the automatic deformation ice drives the electric heating module to press against the inner wall with the ice, the contact surface of an ice layer and the inner wall is vaporized due to rapid heat transfer, and the ice shell in a larger range can be crushed by air pressure caused by vaporization of the ice layer; when the temperature of the electric heating module drops after heat transfer, the memory material support recovers the low-temperature form, and the automatic deformation ice drives the electric heating module to be far away from the ice-carrying inner wall, so that one-time automatic intermittent deicing action is completed.

The invention does not need additional devices such as a temperature sensor, a displacement actuating part, a displacement actuating controller and the like, only needs temperature setting of an electric heating device and shape design of a memory material bracket, has extremely high technical reliability and obvious advantages of cost and light weight.

Further, the memory material support is provided with one, and the electric heating module is arranged in the middle of the memory material support.

Furthermore, the memory material support sets up two at least, and a plurality of memory material supports all are connected with electric heating module.

Further, the material of the memory material stent comprises high-temperature shape memory alloy, low-temperature shape memory alloy, shape memory ceramic or shape memory polymer.

Further, the contact surface of the electric heating module is matched with the inner wall.

Further, the electric heating module is an electric heating rod.

The installation method of the autonomous intermittent deicing device comprises the deicing device, wherein one memory material support is arranged, the electric heating module is arranged in the middle of the memory material support, and two ends of the memory material are connected to the inner wall;

or the memory material supports are arranged in two, one ends of the two memory material supports are connected to the inner wall, and the other ends of the two memory material supports are connected with the electric heating module.

Furthermore, the deicing device rotates by taking a connecting point of the memory material bracket and the inner wall as a circle center.

It should be noted that, in order to realize the rotation of the deicing device, a roller can be arranged on a fulcrum of the memory material bracket, and a guide rail is arranged on the inner wall; including but not limited to this configuration, of course.

The rotation of the deicing device can realize heating deicing at different positions.

An autonomous intermittent deicing method comprises the deicing device, an electric heating module and a memory material bracket which do periodic motion and perform intermittent thermal shock on an ice surface.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the electric heating module of the invention instantaneously and rapidly heats the ice layer locally, and the air pressure caused by the vaporization of the contact surface of the ice layer and the inner wall can crush the ice layer in a larger range; compared with the slow heating in the prior art, the invention has higher energy utilization rate of deicing in unit area.

2. The invention does not need additional devices such as a temperature sensor, a displacement actuating part, a displacement actuating controller and the like, only needs temperature setting of an electric heating device and shape design of a memory material bracket, has extremely high technical reliability and obvious advantages of cost and light weight.

3. The invention has the advantages of simple and reliable structure.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention;

in the drawings: 1. memory material support, 2, electric heating module, 3, inner wall, 4, ice layer, 21, contact surface.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.

It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings that is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and is therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.