阅读说明：本技术 一种用于固体废弃物残渣生产有机肥的方法和设备 (Method and equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using solid waste residues ) 是由 芮勇 钱轶超 高伟俊 刘小伟 于 2020-05-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于固体废弃物残渣生产有机肥的方法和设备,包括车体、车厢、原料处理机构、第一阶段发酵罐体、第二阶段发酵罐体,所述车厢安装在所述车体上,所述车厢的内侧远离车头的一端安装有所述原料处理机构,所述原料处理机构的出料口处通过刮板传送带连接于所述第一阶段发酵罐体。本发明安装在一个可移动的车厢内,车厢可放置在运输车上,根据原料的地点及用料地点方便实现运输,本设备涉及的发酵设备部分,较有机肥传统发酵做了改进,采用两个发酵罐体,进行二次发酵,使得发酵更彻底,并对发酵装置进行改造,使得发酵时的温度监测更准确。(The invention discloses a method and equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using solid waste residues, which comprises a vehicle body, a carriage, a raw material processing mechanism, a first-stage fermentation tank body and a second-stage fermentation tank body, wherein the carriage is arranged on the vehicle body, one end of the inner side of the carriage, which is far away from a vehicle head, is provided with the raw material processing mechanism, and a discharge port of the raw material processing mechanism is connected to the first-stage fermentation tank body through a scraper conveyor belt. The fermentation device is arranged in a movable carriage, the carriage can be placed on a transport vehicle, and transportation is conveniently realized according to the location of raw materials and the location of the used materials.)

1. The utility model provides an equipment that is used for solid waste residue production fertilizer which characterized in that: comprises a vehicle body (1), a carriage (2), a raw material processing mechanism (3), a first-stage fermentation tank body (4) and a second-stage fermentation tank body (5), wherein the carriage (2) is installed on the vehicle body (1), one end of the vehicle head is far away from the inner side of the carriage (2) and is installed with the raw material processing mechanism (3), the discharge port of the raw material processing mechanism (3) is connected with the first-stage fermentation tank body (4) through a scraper conveyor belt (9), the discharge port of the first-stage fermentation tank body (4) is provided with a first pump body (10), the first pump body (10) is connected with the first-stage fermentation tank body (4) through a pipeline, the other side of the first pump body (10) is provided with the second-stage fermentation tank body (5), and the second-stage fermentation tank body (5) is connected with the first pump body (10) through a pipeline, the second pump body (11) is installed to the discharge gate department of the second stage fermentation tank body (5), the second pump body (11) with the second stage fermentation tank body (5) is through bolted connection, dry mechanism of cylinder (6) is installed to the below of the second pump body (11), dry mechanism of cylinder (6) with the second pump body (11) is through the pipe connection, screw rod lifting machine (12) are installed to the discharge gate department of dry mechanism of cylinder (6), organic fertilizer processing integrated mechanism (8) are installed to the discharge end of screw rod lifting machine (12), install display (7) on the inside wall in carriage (2), display (7) with carriage (2) are connected through the mounting.

2. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first-stage fermentation tank body (4) is composed of a feeding device (413), a transverse stirring device (411), a temperature sensing device (414) and an air circulation system (48).

3. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues as claimed in claim 2, wherein: throw material device (413) and constitute by weighing panel (41), hopper (42), lift groove (43) and gyro wheel (44), install the below of hopper (42) weighing panel (41), weighing panel (41) are close to install one side of the first stage fermentation tank body (4) gyro wheel (44), install gyro wheel (44) in lift groove (43), gravity arm (45) have been installed on the top of the first stage fermentation tank body (4), gravity arm (45) are connected in dodge gate (46), install one side of gravity arm (45) air circulation system (48).

4. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the temperature sensing device (414) is installed at the inside top of the first-stage fermentation tank body (4), the temperature sensing device (414) comprises a first sliding groove (412), a first pulley (49) and a first starter (47), the first pulley (49) is installed in the first sliding groove (412), the first starter (47) is installed on the outside of the top of the first-stage fermentation tank body (4), a first temperature sensing rod (410) is installed below the first pulley (49), and the transverse stirring device (411) which is staggered is installed below the first temperature sensing rod (410).

5. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second-stage fermentation tank body (5) comprises a vertical stirring device (55) and a second sliding groove (52), a second pulley (53) is installed in the second sliding groove (52), a second temperature sensing rod (54) is installed below the second pulley (53), the vertical stirring device (55) is installed at the bottom of the second-stage fermentation tank body (5) below the second temperature sensing rod (54), and a second starter (51) is installed at the top end of the outer side of the second-stage fermentation tank body (5).

6. A method for producing organic fertilizer by using solid waste residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. collecting raw materials: collecting solid waste residues of livestock and poultry died of diseases;

b. treating raw materials and auxiliary materials: adding the collected livestock and poultry solid waste residues into a raw material treatment mechanism (3), and crushing;

c. mixing and proportioning: mixing the solid waste residue of livestock and poultry died of diseases with organic materials (straws and livestock and poultry manure), adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30-40:1, adjusting the water content to 45-55% and the pH value to 5.5-8.5;

d. fermenting for 1 time, and performing oxygen supply, deodorization and stack turning regularly, wherein the stack turning operation is as follows: performing static fermentation on the compost for 3 to 4 hours, turning the compost and deodorizing; composting for more than 16 hours, raising the temperature to 45-55 ℃, and turning the pile for the second time; raising the temperature to 60-70 ℃, turning the stacks for the third time, turning the stacks once when the temperature reaches 65 ℃ later, cooling and heating the temperature and accumulating the temperature for fermentation for 7-10 days (prolonging the fermentation time in winter), adding a microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring the mixture by a transverse stirring device (411), pumping the mixture into a second-stage fermentation tank body (5) by a first pump body (10) (using the microbial inoculum, namely mixing the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus megaterium in proportion, putting the mixture into a fermentation main body stack, and uniformly stirring the mixture, wherein the using amount of the bacillus subtilis is 300-400 g/t, and the using amount of the bacillus megaterium is 300-500 g/t);

e. and (3) fermenting for 2 times: the closed tank body is also adopted for fermentation, oxygen is supplied periodically, the internal temperature is monitored in real time through the second temperature sensing rod (54), the tank body is in a constant temperature state, the temperature is controlled to be 28-32 ℃, the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 30%, the product obtained after 2 times of fermentation is discharged every time to ensure that 1/3 remained in the tank body, the microbial population in the tank body is enriched continuously, and the fermentation time can be accelerated;

f. drying and dehydrating: pumping the fermented product into a roller drying mechanism (6) through a second pump body (11), and reducing the water content to 14% -16%;

g. thinning and sieving: refining the dried product, and then sieving to remove impurities;

h. and (4) inspecting a finished product: measuring the moisture content, pH value, organic matter content and total nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide) content of the screened finished product to ensure that the product quality is qualified;

i. crushing and granulating: sending qualified products into an organic fertilizer processing integration mechanism (8) through a screw elevator (12) for granulation, wherein the granulation particle size requirement is as follows: the grain diameter is less than or equal to 15 mm;

j. weighing, packaging and warehousing: weighing, packaging, warehousing, and storing in a cool and dry place.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of deep processing of solid waste residues after livestock and poultry died of diseases are treated, in particular to a method and equipment for producing an organic fertilizer by using the solid waste residues.

Background

The popularization of chemical fertilizers plays a key role in increasing the agricultural production and income, however, the farmland ecological environment, the soil physicochemical property and the soil microbial community are damaged to different degrees due to the shortage of organic fertilizers and the imbalance of various nutrient proportions caused by the long-term application of the chemical fertilizers for many years, the quality of agricultural products is influenced to a certain extent, the chemical fertilizer pollution becomes a public hazard in the world today, and the international organic agriculture movement alliance is established internationally in 1972 for protecting the ecological environment and the farmland soil, to promote the production and monitoring of organic food, one of the main targets of organic agriculture proposed by the international union of organic agriculture sports in 1989 is to cooperate with natural systems to ensure that organic matters with sufficient quantity return to soil, so as to promote the biological circulation in the agricultural ecosystem and achieve the purpose of maintaining and enhancing the long-term fertility and the biological activity of the soil.

At present, all countries in the world seek new fertilizer sources by means of high-tech means, wherein microbial fertilizers are the key points of research, with the progress of scientific and technology in the field of microbes, agricultural scientists in all countries generally think that fertilizers are developed towards the direction of high efficiency and compounding, namely, a novel biological fertilizer is sought, not only nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are matched for use, but also the microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizers are combined to exert the overall advantages, so that a benign farmland ecological cycle system and a crop nutrition comprehensive system are established, the soil potential is fully utilized, and the best effect of increasing the yield and income of crops is achieved.

The existing organic fertilizer preparation treatment process is complex, high in cost and capable of generating secondary pollution, and the pollution of the treatment residues of the livestock and poultry died of diseases to the environment cannot be effectively eliminated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a method and equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using solid waste residues.

The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:

an apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues comprises a vehicle body, a carriage, a raw material processing mechanism, a first stage fermentation tank body and a second stage fermentation tank body, wherein the carriage is installed on the vehicle body, one end of the vehicle head is far away from the inner side of the carriage, the raw material processing mechanism is installed, a discharge port of the raw material processing mechanism is connected with the first stage fermentation tank body through a scraper conveyor belt, a first pump body is installed at the discharge port of the first stage fermentation tank body, the first pump body is connected with the first stage fermentation tank body through a pipeline, the second stage fermentation tank body is installed at the other side of the first pump body, the second stage fermentation tank body is connected with the first pump body through a pipeline, a second pump body is installed at the discharge port of the second stage fermentation tank body, and the second pump body is connected with the second stage fermentation tank body through a bolt, the cylinder drying mechanism is installed to the below of the second pump body, cylinder drying mechanism with the second pump body passes through the pipe connection, the discharge gate department of cylinder drying mechanism installs the screw rod lifting machine, fertilizer processing integrated mechanism is installed to the discharge end of screw rod lifting machine, install the display on the inside wall in carriage, the display with the carriage passes through the mounting and connects.

Furthermore, the first-stage fermentation tank body is composed of a feeding device, a transverse stirring device, a temperature sensing device and an air circulation system.

Further, throw the material device and constitute by weighing panel, hopper, lift groove and gyro wheel, install the below of hopper the panel of weighing, the panel of weighing is close to one side of the first stage fermentation tank body is installed the gyro wheel, the gyro wheel is installed in the lift inslot, the top of the first stage fermentation tank body is installed and is played the gravity arm, it connects in the dodge gate to jack the gravity arm, it installs to play one side of gravity arm air circulation system.

Further, the temperature sensing device is installed at the top of the inner side of the first-stage fermentation tank body, the temperature sensing device comprises a first sliding groove, a first pulley and a first starter, the first pulley is installed in the first sliding groove, the first starter is installed on the outer side of the top of the first-stage fermentation tank body, a first temperature sensing rod is installed below the first pulley, and the transverse stirring device which is staggered is installed below the first temperature sensing rod.

Further, the second stage fermentation tank body comprises a vertical stirring device and a second sliding groove, a second pulley is installed in the second sliding groove, a second temperature sensing rod is installed below the second pulley, the vertical stirring device is installed at the bottom of the second stage fermentation tank body below the second temperature sensing rod, and a second starter is installed at the top end of the outer side of the second stage fermentation tank body.

A method for producing organic fertilizer by using solid waste residues comprises the following steps:

a. collecting raw materials: collecting solid waste residues of livestock and poultry died of diseases;

b. treating raw materials and auxiliary materials: adding the collected livestock and poultry solid waste residues into a raw material treatment mechanism, and crushing;

c. mixing and proportioning: mixing the solid waste residue of livestock and poultry died of diseases with organic materials (straws and livestock and poultry manure), adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30-40:1, adjusting the water content to 45-55% and the pH value to 5.5-8.5;

d. fermenting for 1 time, and performing oxygen supply, deodorization and stack turning regularly, wherein the stack turning operation is as follows: performing static fermentation on the compost for 3 to 4 hours, turning the compost and deodorizing; composting for more than 16 hours, raising the temperature to 45-55 ℃, and turning the pile for the second time; raising the temperature to 60-70 ℃, turning the stacks for the third time, turning the stacks once when the temperature reaches 65 ℃ later, cooling and heating the stacks and accumulating the fermentation for 7-10 days (the fermentation time can be properly prolonged in winter), adding a microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring the mixture by a transverse stirring device, pumping the mixture into a second-stage fermentation tank body by a first pump body (the microbial inoculum is used, namely, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus megaterium are mixed into a fermentation main body stack according to a proportion and are uniformly stirred, wherein the using amount of the bacillus subtilis is 300-400 g/t, and the using amount of the bacillus megaterium is 300-500 g/t);

e. and (3) fermenting for 2 times: the closed tank body is also adopted for fermentation, oxygen is supplied periodically, the internal temperature is monitored in real time through the second temperature sensing rod, the tank body is in a constant temperature state, the temperature is controlled to be 28-32 ℃, the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 30%, the product obtained after 2 times of fermentation is discharged every time to ensure that 1/3 remained in the tank body, the microbial population in the tank body is enriched continuously, and the fermentation time can be accelerated;

f. drying and dehydrating: pumping the fermented product into a roller drying mechanism through a second pump body, and reducing the water content to 14% -16%;

g. thinning and sieving: refining the dried product, and then sieving to remove impurities;

h. and (4) inspecting a finished product: measuring the moisture content, pH value, organic matter content and total nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide) content of the screened finished product to ensure that the product quality is qualified;

i. crushing and granulating: sending qualified products into the organic fertilizer processing integration mechanism for granulation through the screw elevator, wherein the granulation particle size requirement is as follows: the grain diameter is less than or equal to 15 mm;

j. weighing, packaging and warehousing: weighing, packaging, warehousing, and storing in a cool and dry place.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

equipment fixing is in a mobilizable carriage, and the carriage can be placed on the transport vechicle, conveniently realizes the transportation according to the place and the materials used place of raw materials, and the fermentation equipment part that this equipment relates to has been improved than the traditional fermentation of fertilizer, adopts two fermentation tanks body, carries out the secondary fermentation for the fermentation is more thorough, and reforms transform fermenting installation, and the temperature monitoring during making the fermentation is more accurate.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first-stage fermentation tank of the equipment for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the first pulley and the first chute of the device for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second-stage fermentation tank of the device for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the second pulley and the second chute of the device for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues.

The reference numerals are explained below:

1. a vehicle body; 2. a carriage; 3. a raw material processing mechanism; 4. a first-stage fermenter body; 41. weighing the panel; 42. a feeding hopper; 43. a lifting groove; 44. a roller; 45. a lifting arm; 46. a movable door; 47. a first starter; 48. an air circulation system; 49. a first pulley; 410. a first temperature sensing bar; 411. a transverse stirring device; 412. a first chute; 413. a feeding device; 414. a temperature sensing device; 5. a second-stage fermentation tank body; 51. a second starter; 52. a second chute; 53. a second pulley; 54. a second temperature sensing bar; 55. a vertical stirring device; 6. a drum drying mechanism; 7. a display; 8. an organic fertilizer processing and integrating mechanism; 9. a scraper conveyor; 10. a first pump body; 11. a second pump body; 12. screw rod lifting machine.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

as shown in fig. 1-5, an apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from solid waste residues comprises a vehicle body 1, a carriage 2, a raw material processing mechanism 3, a first stage fermentation tank 4 and a second stage fermentation tank 5, wherein the carriage 2 is mounted on the vehicle body 1, the raw material processing mechanism 3 is mounted at one end of the inner side of the carriage 2, which is far away from a vehicle head, the discharge port of the raw material processing mechanism 3 is connected to the first stage fermentation tank 4 through a scraper conveyor belt 9, a first pump body 10 is mounted at the discharge port of the first stage fermentation tank 4, the first pump body 10 is connected with the first stage fermentation tank 4 through a pipeline, the second stage fermentation tank 5 is mounted at the other side of the first pump body 10, the second stage fermentation tank 5 is connected with the first pump body 10 through a pipeline, a second pump body 11 is mounted at the discharge port of the second stage fermentation tank 5, and the second pump body 11 is connected with the, cylinder drying mechanism 6 is installed to the below of the second pump body 11, cylinder drying mechanism 6 passes through the pipe connection with the second pump body 11, screw rod elevator 12 is installed to the discharge gate department of cylinder drying mechanism 6, fertilizer processing integrated mechanism 8 is installed to the discharge end of screw rod elevator 12, install display 7 on carriage 2's the inside wall, display 7 passes through the mounting with carriage 2 and is connected, raw materials processing mechanism 3, cylinder drying mechanism 6, display 7, fertilizer processing integrated mechanism 8, scraper conveyor 9, the first pump body 10, the second pump body 11, screw rod elevator 12 is current product.

Further, the first-stage fermenter 4 is composed of a feeding device 413, a transverse stirring device 411, a temperature sensing device 414, and an air circulation system 48; the feeding device 413 comprises a weighing panel 41, a feeding hopper 42, a lifting groove 43 and a roller 44, wherein the weighing panel 41 is arranged below the feeding hopper 42, the roller 44 is arranged on one side, close to the first-stage fermentation tank body 4, of the weighing panel 41, the roller 44 is arranged in the lifting groove 43, a lifting arm 45 is arranged at the top end of the first-stage fermentation tank body 4, the lifting arm 45 is connected to a movable door 46, and an air circulation system 48 is arranged on one side of the lifting arm 45; a temperature sensing device 414 is arranged at the top of the inner side of the first-stage fermentation tank body 4, the temperature sensing device 414 comprises a first chute 412, a first pulley 49 and a first starter 47, the first pulley 49 is arranged in the first chute 412, the first starter 47 is arranged at the outer side of the top of the first-stage fermentation tank body 4, a first temperature sensing rod 410 is arranged below the first pulley 49, and a staggered transverse stirring device 411 is arranged below the first temperature sensing rod 410; the second stage fermenter 5 comprises a vertical stirring device 55 and a second chute 52, a second pulley 53 is arranged in the second chute 52, a second temperature sensing rod 54 is arranged below the second pulley 53, the vertical stirring device 55 is arranged at the bottom of the second stage fermenter 5 below the second temperature sensing rod 54, and a second starter 51 is arranged at the top end of the outer side of the second stage fermenter 5.

A method for producing organic fertilizer by using solid waste residues comprises the following steps:

a. collecting raw materials: collecting solid waste residues of livestock and poultry died of diseases;

b. treating raw materials and auxiliary materials: adding the collected livestock and poultry solid waste residues into a raw material treatment mechanism 3, and crushing;

c. mixing and proportioning: mixing the solid waste residues of livestock and poultry died of diseases with organic material straws and livestock and poultry manure, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30-40:1, adjusting the water content to 45-55% and the pH value to 5.5-8.5;

d. fermenting for 1 time, and performing oxygen supply, deodorization and stack turning regularly, wherein the stack turning operation is as follows: performing static fermentation on the compost for 3 to 4 hours, turning the compost and deodorizing; composting for more than 16 hours, raising the temperature to 50 ℃, and turning the pile for the second time; the temperature rises to 60 ℃ -70 ℃, the third pile turning is carried out, the pile turning is carried out once when the temperature reaches 65 ℃ afterwards, the temperature is reduced and raised, the accumulated fermentation time is 7-10 days, the fermentation time can be properly prolonged in winter, the microbial inoculum is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred by a transverse stirring device 411 and is pumped into a second stage fermentation tank body 5 through a first pump body 10 for use: the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus megaterium are proportionally mixed and put into a fermentation main body pile, and are uniformly stirred, wherein the using amount of the bacillus subtilis is 300g/t-400g/t, and the using amount of the bacillus megaterium is 300g/t-500 g/t. (ii) a

e. And (3) fermenting for 2 times: the closed tank body is also adopted for fermentation, oxygen is supplied periodically, the internal temperature is monitored in real time through the second temperature sensing rod 54, the tank body is in a constant temperature state, the temperature is controlled at 30 ℃, the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 30%, the product obtained after 2 times of fermentation is discharged every time to ensure that 1/3 remained in the tank body, the microbial population in the tank body is continuously enriched, and the fermentation time can be accelerated;

f. drying and dehydrating: pumping the fermented product into a roller drying mechanism 6 through a second pump body 11, and reducing the water content to 15%;

g. thinning and sieving: refining the dried product, and then sieving to remove impurities;

h. and (4) inspecting a finished product: measuring the moisture content, pH value, organic matter content, total nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide content of the sieved finished product to ensure that the product quality is qualified;

i. crushing and granulating: sending qualified products into the organic fertilizer processing integration mechanism 8 through the screw elevator 12 for granulation, wherein the granulation particle size is required: the grain diameter is less than or equal to 15 mm;

j. weighing, packaging and warehousing: weighing, packaging, warehousing, and storing in a cool and dry place.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.