阅读说明：本技术 无砟轨道伤损轨枕更换方法 (Method for replacing damaged sleeper of ballastless track ) 是由 李中国 蔡德钩 张千里 陈锋 姚建平 郭增强 刘景宇 邓逆涛 闫鑫 王鹏程 闫宏 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：高速铁路无砟轨道伤损轨枕更换方法,包括：更换步骤为先拆除已经伤损的轨枕,然后安装新轨枕固定后,重新将新轨枕与轨道板浇筑成整体。在所述破拆范围的边界进行适当深度的切割,采用高压水射流切割所述破拆范围内的区域,将轨道板内多条纵向钢筋截开,轨枕替换并固定,将截断的多条纵向钢筋连接,破拆部位浇筑混凝土或砂浆将新轨枕与轨道板浇筑成整体并进行并整平养护,对替换轨枕的两侧进行临时支撑,天窗时间结束前,重新松开轨枕上的扣件螺栓及,撤除轨枕下的垫板,待浇筑混凝土或砂浆强度达到设计强度后恢复扣件。该方法不会在既有混凝土内形成新的裂缝,不破损原结构钢筋,施工范围精确,且拆除后的混凝土界面粗糙,粘结力强,有利于新旧混凝土的粘结,整体性更好。(The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway comprises the following steps: and the replacing step comprises the steps of firstly removing the damaged sleeper, then installing a new sleeper for fixing, and then pouring the new sleeper and the track slab into a whole again. Cutting at a proper depth on the boundary of the demolition range, cutting the area in the demolition range by adopting high-pressure water jet, cutting off a plurality of longitudinal steel bars in the track slab, replacing and fixing the sleeper, connecting the plurality of cut longitudinal steel bars, pouring concrete or mortar at the demolition position to pour a new sleeper and the track slab into a whole and carry out leveling maintenance, temporarily supporting two sides of the replaced sleeper, loosening a fastener bolt on the sleeper again before the skylight time is over, removing a base plate below the sleeper, and recovering the fastener after the strength of the concrete or mortar to be poured reaches the designed strength. The method can not form new cracks in the existing concrete, does not damage the original structural steel bars, has accurate construction range, rough concrete interface after being dismantled, strong bonding force, is beneficial to bonding new and old concrete, and has better integrity.)

1. A method for replacing a damaged sleeper of a ballastless track of a high-speed railway is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S100, marking a breaking-in range required by the removal of a damaged sleeper around the damaged sleeper to be replaced, cutting the damaged sleeper at the boundary of the breaking-in range by a concrete cutting machine to a proper depth, and covering a metal plate outside the breaking-in range, wherein the metal plate protects a track bed board outside the boundary of the breaking-in range;

s200, crushing the concrete of the roadbed slab in the area within the breaking and dismantling range by adopting high-pressure water jet;

step S300, cutting off a plurality of longitudinal steel bars on the upper layer exposed in the track bed slab, and bending the cut-off steel bars upwards;

step S400, sleeper replacement: loosening fasteners for fixing the steel rails on the damaged sleeper and on two sides of the damaged sleeper, jacking the steel rails to a certain height by using a jack, transversely extracting steel bars of the damaged sleeper, cleaning residues on the bottom surface within a broken and disassembled range, washing the residues with clear water, transversely putting a new replaced sleeper into the position below the steel rail on the shoulder side of the road, and aligning the new replaced sleeper with the position of the replaced original damaged sleeper;

step S500, withdrawing the jack of the supporting rail, restoring the rail to the original position, and re-fastening and restoring all the loosened fasteners on the replacement sleeper and on the two sides of the replacement sleeper;

step S600, straightening the plurality of longitudinal steel bars which are cut off in the step S300 to align the original cutting positions of the longitudinal steel bars, and connecting and recovering the plurality of cut-off longitudinal steel bars;

step S700, coating a concrete interface agent on an interface of an area in a breaking-in range, adopting concrete or mortar to pour the area in the breaking-in range to be compact, plastering and leveling, and curing the poured concrete or mortar;

step S800, before the skylight time is over, the fasteners on the replacement sleepers are loosened again, the base plates below the replacement sleepers are removed, the two sides of the replacement sleepers are temporarily supported, the steel rails are not in contact with the replacement sleepers, and then the lines are switched on;

and S900, continuously maintaining the concrete or the mortar in the next skylight time, removing the temporary support of the steel rail after the strength of the concrete or the mortar meets the requirement, completely fastening and recovering the loosened fasteners on the two sides of the replacement sleeper again, and finishing the renovation.

2. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein in the step S300, the cut steel bars are bent upwards by no more than 90 °, and the staggered cutting is as follows: counting is carried out from a first longitudinal steel bar closest to any steel rail, the odd steel bars are called odd steel bars, the even steel bars are called even steel bars, the odd steel bars are cut off from the section of one end of the odd steel bars, and the even steel bars are cut off from the section of the other end of the even steel bars.

3. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the high-speed railway ballastless track according to claim 1, wherein the step of crushing the concrete of the track bed slab in the area within the demolition range by using high-pressure water jet comprises the following steps:

step S210, fixing a high-pressure water jet nozzle of cutting equipment, and adjusting the angle of the nozzle and the distance between the nozzle and a breaking and dismantling surface;

step S220, starting a high-pressure pump of the cutting equipment to debug the cutting equipment;

step S230, after the cutting equipment is normally debugged, opening a valve of the spray head to start crushing the area in the breaking and dismantling range, starting from one side boundary of the area in the breaking and dismantling range, slowly moving a crushing notch to the other side boundary, then moving the crushing notch to the one side boundary, and slowly moving the crushing notch to the other side boundary, thus performing reciprocating circulation;

s240, adjusting the angle of the spray head transversely and longitudinally, and performing key crushing on steel rails, steel bar shielding parts and other parts which are not crushed to ensure that all steel bars in the sleeper and the track bed plate in the broken and disassembled range are exposed; if the demolition is not completed within the time of one skylight, placing an insulating cushion block under the steel rail outside the demolition range for temporary support, then opening a line, and continuing demolition within the time of the next skylight, wherein the skylight time is the maintenance operation time during which no train passes.

4. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway according to claim 3, wherein in the step S400, the distance between the fastener and the sleeper to be replaced is not more than 20m, and the height of the jacked steel rail is not more than 40 cm.

5. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway according to claim 4, wherein in the step S600, the plurality of cut longitudinal steel bars are connected and recovered by welding, mechanical compression joint or steel bar side welding.

6. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway according to claim 5, wherein in the step S700, high-performance concrete or mortar with early strength, high strength and weak shrinkage is adopted, the broken and disassembled bottom surface is cleaned before pouring, and an interface agent is coated on the bottom surface.

7. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway according to claim 6, wherein in the step S800, the support blocks used for temporarily supporting the two sides of the replaced sleeper are metal blocks or nonmetal blocks, and the metal blocks and the steel rail are subjected to insulation treatment.

8. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway according to claim 7, wherein in the step S200, if the damaged sleeper cannot be crushed to the predetermined depth in one crushing process, the damaged sleeper is crushed to the predetermined depth in the next crushing process, and each crushing process is performed to a certain depth and is performed to the predetermined depth in multiple crushing processes.

9. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined depth is the thickness of a steel bar protection layer of a bed slab and is not more than 10 cm.

10. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the high-speed railway ballastless track according to claim 9, wherein in the step S200, the crushing pressure of the high-pressure water jet crushing is not more than 250Mpa, and a vehicle-mounted or wheeled flat car is adopted to carry the high-pressure water jet nozzle.

11. The method for replacing the damaged sleeper of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway according to claim 10, wherein a waterproof isolation barrier is arranged around the operation position when the high-pressure water jet crushing operation is carried out.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ballastless tracks of high-speed railways, in particular to a method for replacing damaged sleepers of ballastless tracks of high-speed railways.

Background

By the end of 2019, the operating mileage of the high-speed railway in China reaches 3.5 kilometers, and most of the track structures are ballastless tracks. The double-block type ballastless track is one of the main types of the ballastless track structure of the high-speed railway in China, and has the advantages of uniform structure form, low construction cost and the like. The ballastless track is used as a travelling foundation, is exposed in a complex natural environment for a long time, and is affected by factors such as train load, temperature, rainwater and the like for a long time, so that the track structure is easy to damage, the overall strength of the track is influenced, and the problems of breakage and separation of a sleeper shoulder, looseness of the sleeper, cracks of a new concrete contact surface, slurry seepage of the sleeper and the like occur. When the stress is serious, the sleeper can be suspended in the air, the lateral resistance of the shoulder is reduced, the anchoring force of the bolt holes is insufficient, and the like, so that the driving stability and the safety are finally influenced. When the original tie has failed, a tie replacement is required. The ballastless track bed board is of a reinforced concrete structure, the original sleeper needs to be dismantled when the sleeper is replaced, and the ballastless track bed board is poured into a whole after the new sleeper is replaced. The concrete of the ballastless track bed board has high strength, when the sleeper is dismantled, the concrete of the track bed board needs to be chiseled, the influence of the traditional method on the concrete which does not need to be dismantled is large, the difficulty of dismantling by being limited by steel bars in the track board is large, and the integrity in the later period is poor.

The existing ballastless track sleeper replacement usually adopts methods such as a cutting method and vibration impact to cut the damage of the sleeper, the reinforcing bars in the track slab cannot be protected during crushing, the damage to the reserved concrete is large during crushing, and the integrity effect after replacement is poor, so that the replacement can be rarely implemented. The traditional concrete crushing method generally adopts a mechanical mode to crush the concrete, and the traditional crushing method comprises impact crushing, saw blade cutting, heavy hammer hammering and the like. The cutting method can cut off the steel bars in the structure, and the steel bars can be connected only by chiseling concrete when the steel bars are reconnected, so that the cutting method is not suitable for a reinforced track bed plate structure; when the sleeper is replaced by the method, a damaged layer exists on the section of old concrete, and the integrity is poor after the sleeper is replaced; when hammering and impacting crushing, due to the obstruction of the steel bars, the crushing efficiency is low; once the reinforcing bar is cut off, the wholeness of railway roadbed is destroyed, and the change can not in time be accomplished, can increase and close to the risk that the sleeper destroys. The existing hammering and impacting modes form deeper damaged cracks in the existing concrete, so that the strength of a damaged layer of the interface is greatly reduced on one side of the existing concrete, and the interface is still a weak layer after repair, so that secondary damage can be caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for replacing a damaged sleeper of a ballastless track of a high-speed railway. The method applies the ultrahigh-pressure water jet crushing method to the demolition of ballastless track sleepers, and has a good effect on replacing double-block sleepers and even other types of sleepers.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the invention discloses a method for replacing a damaged sleeper of a ballastless track of a high-speed railway, which comprises the following steps:

compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) the invention can not form new cracks in the existing concrete;

(2) the invention does not damage the original structural steel bar, the high-pressure water only acts on the concrete, the steel bar is not damaged, and the steel bar can be better kept after the concrete is removed.

(3) The invention has precise construction range, and the high-pressure water jet has fine water flow, so that the workbench can be precisely controlled, and the construction range can be precisely controlled.

(4) The removed concrete has rough interface and strong bonding force, is beneficial to bonding new and old concrete, and has better integrity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for replacing a damaged sleeper of a ballastless track of a high-speed railway according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of breaking up the concrete of the track bed slab in the area within the breaking-in range using high pressure water jets in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is the original condition of the invention with the damaged tie replaced;

FIG. 4 is a construction site view of the present invention marking a break down range on a damaged tie to be replaced;

FIG. 5 is a construction site view of the high pressure water jet cutting of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a view showing a construction site of the present invention in which a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing bars are cut off from the upper layer between two parallel rails and the cut reinforcing bars are bent upward;

FIG. 7 is a construction site view of the present invention during replacement of sleepers, where the bolts and fasteners for fixing the rails on and on both sides of the damaged sleeper are loosened and the rails are jacked up to a certain height using jacks;

FIG. 8 is a construction site view of the present invention with the damaged tie cross ties extracted, new replacement ties and new cross ties placed, and the replacement ties aligned in position;

FIG. 9 is a construction site view showing the removal of the jacks to reposition the rails and the re-tightening of all of the loosened fastener bolts and fasteners on and on both sides of the replacement tie;

FIG. 10 is a construction site diagram illustrating the restoration of the connection of a plurality of cut longitudinal bars by straightening the cut longitudinal bars to align the original cutting positions of the longitudinal bars;

fig. 11 is a construction site diagram in which concrete or mortar is used to cast and trowel and level the area within the demolition area, and the cast concrete or mortar is cured.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.

The invention provides a method for replacing a damaged sleeper of a ballastless track of a high-speed railway, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:

as shown in fig. 3, is the original condition of the tie to be replaced that has been damaged.

Step S100, marking a breaking-in range required by the removal of the damaged sleeper around the damaged sleeper to be replaced, cutting the damaged sleeper at the boundary of the breaking-in range by a concrete cutting machine to a proper depth, covering the broken sleeper outside the breaking-in range by a metal plate, and protecting a track bed plate outside the boundary of the breaking-in range by the metal plate. As shown in fig. 4.

Specifically, the metal plate protects the ballast bed plate outside the forcible entry range. By step S100, the cut surface is made neat.

And S200, crushing the concrete of the roadbed slab in the region within the breaking and dismantling range by adopting high-pressure water jet.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the method includes the following steps:

step S210, fixing a high-pressure water jet nozzle of cutting equipment, and adjusting the angle of the nozzle and the distance between the nozzle and a breaking and dismantling surface;

step S220, starting a high-pressure pump of the cutting equipment to debug the cutting equipment;

step S230, after the cutting equipment is normally debugged, opening a valve of the spray head to start crushing the area in the breaking and dismantling range, starting from one side boundary of the area in the breaking and dismantling range, slowly moving a crushing notch to the other side boundary, then moving the crushing notch to the one side boundary, and slowly moving the crushing notch to the other side boundary, thus performing reciprocating circulation;

step S240, adjusting the angle of the spray head transversely and longitudinally, and performing key crushing on steel rails, steel bar shielding parts and other parts which are not crushed to ensure that all steel bars in the sleeper and the track bed plate in the forcible entry range are exposed; if the demolition is not completed within the time of one skylight, placing an insulating cushion block under the steel rail outside the demolition range for temporary support, then opening a line, and continuing demolition within the time of the next skylight, wherein the skylight time is the maintenance operation time during which no train passes.

Specifically, if the crushing cannot be carried out to the preset depth once in the crushing process, the next crushing is carried out, each time of crushing is carried out to a certain depth, and the crushing is carried out to the preset depth for multiple times. The predetermined depth is 5-10 cm.

Specifically, the preset depth is the thickness of a steel bar protection layer of the ballast bed slab and is not more than 10 cm.

Specifically, the crushing pressure of high-pressure water jet crushing is not more than 250Mpa, the crushing operation is carried out by manual control or automatic control, and a vehicle-mounted or belt-wheel flat trolley is adopted to bear the high-pressure water jet spray head.

When the sleeper is replaced, the longitudinal distance of the breaking-in range is the width of the damaged sleeper.

And step S300, cutting off the plurality of longitudinal steel bars on the upper layer exposed in the track bed slab, and bending the cut-off steel bars upwards. As shown in fig. 6.

The upward bending of the truncated reinforcing steel bars does not exceed 90 degrees, and the staggered truncation is as follows: counting from a first longitudinal steel bar closest to any steel rail, wherein odd steel bars are called odd steel bars, even steel bars are called even steel bars, the odd steel bars are cut off from the section of one end of the odd steel bars, and the even steel bars are cut off from the section of the other end of the even steel bars;

specifically, the cutting mode of the plurality of longitudinal steel bars is that the longitudinal steel bars are cut into two different sections and then bent after being cut.

Step S400, sleeper replacement: and loosening fasteners for fixing the steel rail on the damaged sleeper and on two sides of the damaged sleeper, jacking the steel rail to a certain height by using a jack, transversely extracting the steel bar of the damaged sleeper, cleaning residues on the bottom surface within the broken and disassembled range, washing the residues with clear water, transversely putting a new replaced sleeper, and aligning the new replaced sleeper with the position of the replaced original damaged sleeper. As shown in fig. 7 and 8.

Specifically, a new replacement sleeper is transversely placed from below the shoulder side steel rail.

Specifically, in step S400, the distance between the fastener and the sleeper to be replaced is not more than 20m, and the height of the steel rail which is jacked up is not more than 40 cm.

And S500, withdrawing the jack of the supporting rail, restoring the rail to the original position, and re-fastening and restoring all the loosened fasteners on the replacement sleeper and on the two sides of the replacement sleeper. As shown in fig. 9.

Specifically, in the process of removing the damaged sleeper and replacing a new replacement sleeper, the steel rail is jacked up to remove the old sleeper and replace the new replacement sleeper. And fixing the new replacement sleeper by using a fastener, and recovering the connection of the steel bars. The new replacement tie uses the same size fasteners as the tie adjacent on either side.

Step S600, straightening the plurality of longitudinal steel bars which are cut off in the step S300, aligning the original cutting positions of the longitudinal steel bars, and connecting and recovering the plurality of cut-off longitudinal steel bars. As shown in fig. 10.

Specifically, a plurality of cut longitudinal steel bars are connected and recovered by adopting a welding, mechanical compression joint or steel bar side welding mode; the joint mode can also be butt joint, sleeve connection and the like.

Step S700, coating a concrete interface agent on the interface of the area in the forcible entry range, adopting concrete or mortar to pour the area in the forcible entry range to be compact, plastering and leveling, and curing the poured concrete or mortar. As shown in fig. 11.

The method comprises the steps of cleaning a broken and disassembled bottom surface before pouring by adopting high-performance concrete or mortar with early strength, high strength and weak shrinkage, and coating an interface agent on the bottom surface.

And step S800, before the skylight time is over, the fasteners on the replacement sleepers are loosened again, the base plates below the replacement sleepers are removed, the two sides of the replacement sleepers are temporarily supported, the steel rails are not in contact with the replacement sleepers, and then the lines are switched on.

Specifically, before the circuit is opened, the lower cushion plate of the rail is withdrawn, and the influence of train load vibration on the pouring material is prevented.

Before the replacement sleeper does not work, temporary support is adopted under the steel rail, supporting blocks adopted for temporarily supporting the two sides of the replacement sleeper are metal blocks or non-metal blocks, and insulation treatment is carried out between the metal blocks and the steel rail.

And S900, continuously maintaining the concrete or the mortar in the next skylight time, removing the temporary support of the steel rail after the strength of the concrete or the mortar meets the requirement, completely fastening and recovering the loosened fasteners on the two sides of the replacement sleeper again, and finishing the renovation.

When the track circuit is dismantled, the track circuit structure needs to be restored.

And after the concrete strength of the second skylight reaches the requirement, restoring the fastener, and finishing the renovation.

Specifically, when high-pressure water jet crushing operation is carried out, waterproof isolation enclosing barriers are arranged around an operation position.

In summary, the invention provides a method for replacing a damaged sleeper of a ballastless track of a high-speed railway, which comprises the following steps: step S100, marking a breaking-in range required by the removal of a damaged sleeper around the damaged sleeper to be replaced, cutting the damaged sleeper at the boundary of the breaking-in range by a concrete cutting machine to a proper depth, and covering a metal plate outside the breaking-in range, wherein the metal plate protects a track bed board outside the boundary of the breaking-in range; s200, crushing the concrete of the roadbed slab in the area within the breaking and dismantling range by adopting high-pressure water jet; step S300, cutting off a plurality of longitudinal steel bars on the upper layer exposed in the track bed slab, and bending the cut-off steel bars upwards; step S400, sleeper replacement: loosening fasteners for fixing the steel rails on the damaged sleeper and on two sides of the damaged sleeper, jacking the steel rails to a certain height by using a jack, transversely extracting steel bars of the damaged sleeper, cleaning residues on the bottom surface within a broken and disassembled range, washing the residues with clear water, transversely putting a new replaced sleeper into the position below the steel rail on the shoulder side of the road, and aligning the new replaced sleeper with the position of the replaced original damaged sleeper; step S500, withdrawing the jack of the supporting rail, restoring the rail to the original position, and re-fastening and restoring all the loosened fasteners on the replacement sleeper and on the two sides of the replacement sleeper; step S600, straightening the plurality of longitudinal steel bars which are cut off in the step S300 to align the original cutting positions of the longitudinal steel bars, and connecting and recovering the plurality of cut-off longitudinal steel bars; step S700, coating a concrete interface agent on an interface of an area in a breaking-in range, adopting concrete or mortar to pour the area in the breaking-in range to be compact, plastering and leveling, and curing the poured concrete or mortar; step S800, before the skylight time is over, the fasteners on the replacement sleepers are loosened again, the base plates below the replacement sleepers are removed, the two sides of the replacement sleepers are temporarily supported, the steel rails are not in contact with the replacement sleepers, and then the lines are switched on; and S900, continuously maintaining the concrete or the mortar in the next skylight time, removing the temporary support of the steel rail after the strength of the concrete or the mortar meets the requirement, completely fastening and recovering the loosened fasteners on the two sides of the replacement sleeper again, and finishing the renovation. The method can not form new cracks in the existing concrete, does not damage the original structural steel bars, has accurate construction range, rough concrete interface after being dismantled, strong bonding force, is beneficial to bonding new and old concrete, and has better integrity.

It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.