阅读说明：本技术 一种tcp射孔方法 (TCP perforating method ) 是由 张国桉 姚志中 孙宪宏 聂永礼 乔晓光 于 2020-07-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及井下射孔方法,为解决井下射孔采用连续油管隔板延时射孔拖动工艺时,由于火药延时时间较短,易引起误射孔事故的技术问题,提供一种TCP射孔方法,包括向井下待射孔处输送管串,压力传感器实时检测井下的压力信号,并发送至起爆元件；启动管串工作时,在井口通过油管向井下释放工作压力脉冲信号,起爆元件判断接收的压力脉冲信号若与预设启动信号一致,控制各电子选发开关根据预设时间间隔依次工作；若出现故障,在井口通过油管向井下释放故障压力脉冲信号；压力传感器检测到故障压力脉冲信号,发送至起爆元件；起爆元件判断接收的故障压力脉冲信号若与预设故障信号一致,停止执行预设延时程序,提出管串排查故障,再重新执行前述步骤。(The invention relates to an underground perforating method, which aims to solve the technical problem that wrong perforating accidents are easily caused because the delay time of gunpowder is short when a coiled tubing partition plate delayed perforating dragging process is adopted in underground perforating, and provides a TCP perforating method, which comprises the steps of conveying a pipe string to an underground to-be-perforated position, detecting an underground pressure signal by a pressure sensor in real time and sending the underground pressure signal to a detonating element; when the pipe string is started to work, a working pressure pulse signal is released underground through an oil pipe at a well mouth, the detonation element judges whether the received pressure pulse signal is consistent with a preset starting signal, and the electronic selective-sending switches are controlled to work in sequence according to a preset time interval; if the fault occurs, releasing a fault pressure pulse signal to the underground through an oil pipe at the wellhead; the pressure sensor detects a fault pressure pulse signal and sends the fault pressure pulse signal to the detonation element; and if the received fault pressure pulse signal is judged to be consistent with the preset fault signal by the detonation element, stopping executing the preset time delay program, putting forward the pipe string to troubleshoot the fault, and then executing the steps again.)

1. A TCP perforating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, conveying the pipe string to the downhole to-be-perforated position;

the pipe string comprises an initiator and a plurality of perforating guns which are connected in sequence; the plurality of perforating guns are all provided with electronic selective firing switches; the detonator comprises a detonating element, a pressure sensor and a high-temperature battery, wherein the high-temperature battery is used for supplying power to the detonating element and the pressure sensor;

s2, detecting a pressure signal underground in real time by the pressure sensor, and sending the pressure signal to the detonation element;

s3, when the pipe string is started to work, releasing a working pressure pulse signal to the underground through an oil pipe at a wellhead;

the pressure sensor detects a working pressure pulse signal and sends the working pressure pulse signal to the initiation element, the initiation element judges the received working pressure pulse signal and is consistent with a preset starting signal, the initiation element sequentially transmits initiation signals to the electronic selective-sending switches according to a preset time interval in a preset delay program, the electronic selective-sending switches are switched on, and the perforating gun is initiated;

s4, in the process of S3, if the fault occurs, releasing the fault pressure pulse signal to the underground through the oil pipe at the wellhead;

and the pressure sensor detects a fault pressure pulse signal and sends the fault pressure pulse signal to the initiation element, the initiation element judges that the received fault pressure pulse signal is consistent with a preset fault signal, the execution of a preset time delay program is stopped, the pipe string is extracted, and the steps S1 to S4 are repeatedly executed after the fault is checked.

2. The TCP perforating method of claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the step of sequentially transmitting the initiation signal to each electronic selective emission switch is to start from the electronic selective emission switch located farthest down in the well, and sequentially transmit the initiation signal to each electronic selective emission switch.

3. The TCP perforating method of claim 2, wherein: in step S3, the step of sequentially transmitting the detonation signals to the electronic selective emission switches from the electronic selective emission switch at the farthest position in the well includes that the detonation element transmits the detonation signals to the electronic selective emission switch at the farthest position in the well according to a preset delay program, then re-times according to the preset delay program, transmits the detonation signals to the electronic selective emission switches adjacent to the electronic selective emission switch at the farthest position in the well, and then re-times according to the preset delay program one by one, thereby sequentially completing the transmission of the detonation signals to all the electronic selective emission switches.

4. A TCP perforating method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in the execution process of the step S1, before the pipe string enters the shaft, the detonator and the electronic selective switch are in a power-off state; and after the pressure in the well pipe reaches a threshold value of 10MPa, the high-temperature battery starts to supply power to the initiation element and the pressure sensor.

5. The TCP perforating method of claim 4, wherein: in step S3, the preset delay procedure is preset according to the distance between the reservoir and the reservoir.

6. The TCP perforating method of claim 5, wherein: in step S3, the preset start signal is a pressure pulse having a width of 5 min; in step S4, the preset fault signal is a pressure pulse with a width of 1 min.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a downhole perforation method, in particular to a TCP perforation method.

Background

When underground perforation is carried out, if a casing pipe deforms, pumping selective perforation cannot normally operate, therefore, a coiled tubing partition plate delayed perforation dragging process is generally adopted, namely, a pipe string is dragged to a specified position for perforation through a coiled tubing in a delayed period, the process solves the problem that pumping perforation cannot normally construct after the casing pipe deforms, but due to the fact that the delay time of gunpowder is short and is generally 6-10 minutes, if the dragging process breaks down, the perforating position cannot be reached in the delayed period, and wrong perforation accidents can be caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a TCP perforating method for solving the technical problem that wrong perforating accidents are easily caused due to short delay time of gunpowder when a coiled tubing partition plate delayed perforating dragging process is adopted in underground perforating.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the TCP perforating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, conveying the pipe string to the downhole to-be-perforated position;

the pipe string comprises an initiator and a plurality of perforating guns which are connected in sequence; the plurality of perforating guns are all provided with electronic selective firing switches; the detonator comprises a detonating element, a pressure sensor and a high-temperature battery, wherein the high-temperature battery is used for supplying power to the detonating element and the pressure sensor;

s2, detecting a pressure signal underground in real time by the pressure sensor, and sending the pressure signal to the detonation element;

s3, when the pipe string is started to work, releasing a working pressure pulse signal to the underground through an oil pipe at a wellhead;

the pressure sensor detects a working pressure pulse signal and sends the working pressure pulse signal to the initiation element, the initiation element judges the received working pressure pulse signal and is consistent with a preset starting signal, the initiation element sequentially transmits initiation signals to the electronic selective-sending switches according to a preset time interval in a preset delay program, the electronic selective-sending switches are switched on, and the perforating gun is initiated;

s4, in the process of S3, if the fault occurs, releasing the fault pressure pulse signal to the underground through the oil pipe at the wellhead;

and the pressure sensor detects a fault pressure pulse signal and sends the fault pressure pulse signal to the initiation element, the initiation element judges that the received fault pressure pulse signal is consistent with a preset fault signal, the execution of a preset time delay program is stopped, the pipe string is extracted, and the steps S1 to S4 are repeatedly executed after the fault is checked.

Further, in step S3, the step of emitting the initiation signal to each electronic selective emission switch is to sequentially emit the initiation signal to each electronic selective emission switch from the electronic selective emission switch farthest down.

Further, in step S3, the step of sequentially transmitting the detonation signals to the electronic selective emission switches from the electronic selective emission switch at the farthest position in the well includes that the detonation element is timed according to a preset delay program, transmits the detonation signals to the electronic selective emission switch at the farthest position in the well, is re-timed according to the preset delay program, transmits the detonation signals to the electronic selective emission switches adjacent to the electronic selective emission switch at the farthest position in the well, is re-timed one by one according to the preset delay program, and sequentially completes transmission of the detonation signals to all the electronic selective emission switches.

Further, in step S3, the preset delay procedure is preset according to the distance between the reservoir and the reservoir.

Further, in step S3, the preset starting signal is a pressure pulse with a width of 5 min; in step S3, the preset fault signal is a pressure pulse with a width of 1 min.

Further, in the execution process of the step S1, before the pipe string enters the shaft, the initiator and the electronic selective switch are in a power-off state; and after the pressure in the well pipe reaches a threshold value of 10MPa, the high-temperature battery starts to supply power to the initiation element and the pressure sensor.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. compared with the existing TCP dragging technology, the TCP perforating method has the advantages that the traditional detonation function and pressure are realized, the time delay function is added, each perforating gun detonates according to the preset time delay program, and the initiation point and the initiation time can be determined by adjusting the preset time delay program; in addition, when a fault occurs, the perforation can be manually controlled to stop, so that the safety of the perforation process is improved, and the occurrence of a mis-perforation accident is avoided; the invention provides a novel perforating method, which is not only suitable for a continuous oil pipe, but also suitable for a common oil pipe, and has stronger process applicability and lower construction cost.

2. The invention can automatically control the sequential detonation from the farthest position in the well to carry out perforation, and meanwhile, the perforation time at each position can be executed according to the preset time delay program, so that the process safety is stronger and the process is more intelligent.

3. When the detonation element transmits the detonation signals to the electronic selective-firing switches, the detonation signals are all re-timed, the accuracy is higher, the program execution is simpler, and the problem that the accumulated timing is easy to make mistakes is avoided.

4. In the invention, the detonator and the electronic selective-sending switch are in a power-off state before the pipe string enters the shaft, and the high-temperature battery starts to work after the pressure in the well casing reaches a threshold value of 10MPa, thereby further ensuring the safety of the perforation process and avoiding accidents before the pipe string starts to work.

5. The preset time delay program in the invention can be designed according to the distance between the reservoir and the oil reservoir, thereby ensuring the flexibility of the time delay process and better meeting the construction requirements under complex working conditions.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a string in an embodiment of a TCP perforating method of the present invention.

Wherein, the device comprises a 1-detonator, a 2-electronic selective firing switch and a 3-perforating gun.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments do not limit the present invention.

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the perforation is controllable in the perforation dragging process, so that the phenomenon of wrong perforation caused by short delay time of gunpowder is avoided, and particularly, when a fault occurs in the perforation dragging process, the perforation is stopped, and the wrong perforation accident is avoided. In addition, the coiled tubing has high construction cost, and the common tubing is adopted for non-high pressure stratum to realize dragging process, so that the perforation construction cost can be reduced.

As shown in figure 1, the perforating string from bottom to bottom is mainly improved, the string comprises an initiator 1 and a plurality of perforating guns 3 which are sequentially connected, electronic selective firing switches 2 are installed on the perforating guns 3, and the perforating guns 3 are connected through intermediate joints. In addition, as in the prior art perforation method, a setting tool is also provided at the farthest position in the well of the string.

The initiator 4 is an intelligent initiator and comprises an initiation element, a pressure sensor and a high-temperature battery. The high-temperature battery supplies power for the detonation element and the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor detects pressure pulse signals or fault pressure pulse signals released from a wellhead to the underground through an oil pipe in real time and sends the pressure pulse signals or the fault pressure pulse signals to the detonation element. And the detonation element judges whether the received pressure pulse signal is consistent with a preset starting signal or not, or whether the fault pressure pulse signal is consistent with a preset fault signal or not, and determines whether to transmit the detonation signal to each terminal selective-firing switch or not according to a judgment result. The on-off of the electronic selective firing switch determines whether to detonate the corresponding perforating gun.

The detonator has a pressure detection function, can detect pressure data in the oil pipe, and the pressure range is generally 0-100 MPa; the pressure pulse recognition function is provided, the pulse width is analyzed according to the pressure change, and the range of the pressure pulse width is generally 1-10 minutes; the timing device has a time delay counting function, and the timing range is generally 1 second to 99 minutes; the electronic selective-sending switch has a communication function and can realize communication with the electronic selective-sending switch; the device has the function of outputting the initiation energy, and the output initiation energy is generally 100V 2A 0.2 s.

The TCP perforating method specifically comprises the following steps:

before the pipe string enters the shaft, the detonator and the electronic selective-sending switch do not work and are in a standby state. When the pipe string descends to a position deeper than the ground, generally 1km, the pressure in the well pipe reaches a threshold value of 10MPa, a power supply system of the detonator is started, the high-temperature battery starts to supply power to the detonation element and the pressure sensor, and the detonator starts to work. The detonator supplies power to the bus, starts to inquire the electronic selective-firing switches, records the address and the working state of each switch, and finishes the preparation work of the detonation system.

After the pipe string is lowered to a perforating position for depth correction, pressure pulse waves are released underground through an oil pipe at a wellhead cement truck to serve as working pressure pulse signals, a pressure sensor of the detonator detects the pressure in the well pipe in real time, once the working pressure pulse with the width consistent with that of a preset starting signal appears, the detonator starts a preset delay program, and the preset starting signal can be set to be the pressure pulse signal with the width of 5 min. The preset delay program can set the delay time of each electronic selective-sending switch according to the distance between the reservoir and the oil layer, and the longer the distance is, the longer the delay time can be set. The electronic selective-transmitting switch is connected with n electronic selective-transmitting switches in total, the electronic selective-transmitting switch positioned at the deepest position in the well is numbered as # n, and the electronic selective-transmitting switches towards the direction of the well head are sequentially numbered as # n-1, # n-2, # …, #2 and # 1. The corresponding delay time of the electronic selective-sending switch # n, # n-1, # n-2, …, #2, #1 in the preset delay program is T0, T1, T2, T3,. Tn-1. And after the T0(5min) delay is finished, commanding the # n electronic selective-sending switch to conduct the detonating detonator, then starting a new timing task, commanding the # n-1 electronic selective-sending switch to conduct the detonating detonator after the T1 time is finished, thus sequentially finishing the T2, T3 and Tn-1 section delay, sequentially detonating the # n-2 and #1 detonators, and finishing the perforation of the corresponding perforating gun.

In addition, when a fault occurs in the perforation dragging process, a fault pressure pulse signal is formed by pressurizing at a well head, the pressure sensor of the detonator still detects the pressure in the well pipe in real time, if the pressure pulse signal consistent with the preset fault signal is detected, the time delay program is immediately stopped, and the work task of the electronic selective-sending switch after the time delay is suspended. The preset fault signal may be set to a pressure pulse with a width of 1 min. The time delay setting is invalid, and the whole pipe string is in a safe state. And (4) providing a pipe string for inquiring fault reasons, descending the pipe string to a specified position again after fault processing is finished, pressurizing at a wellhead, detecting a pressure pulse consistent with a preset starting signal by the detonator again, and restarting a pipe string detonation circuit.

The preset time delay program can be set to enable the electronic selective-sending switches to be sequentially switched on, and can also enable any electronic selective-sending switch to be switched on, so that the selectivity and the applicability are stronger and more flexible.

Compared with the existing TCP dragging technology, the method has the advantages that the dragging process delay time can be designed according to the length of the interlayer region, the flexibility of the delay process is ensured, and the construction requirements under complex working conditions are better met. If the dragging process breaks down, the delay equipment can be stopped at any time, so that the safety of the perforation process is improved, and the occurrence of mis-shooting accidents is avoided. The detonator not only has the traditional detonating function and pressure, but also has the functions of time delay counting and communication. In addition, the invention can adopt not only a continuous oil pipe but also a common oil pipe, has stronger process applicability and reduces the construction cost.

The former TCP perforation specifically refers to the oil pipe transmission perforation.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.