阅读说明：本技术 一种基于扩展互作用自激振荡器(eio)的电子加速器 (Electron accelerator based on extended interaction self-excited oscillator (EIO) ) 是由 吴振华 王博 胡旻 钟任斌 刘頔威 于 2020-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用扩展互作用自激振荡器(EIO)加速电子的装置。所述装置的结构包括：阴极1(1),阴极2(2),扩展互作用自激振荡器(3),金属波导(4),耦合孔(5)。所述阴极1(1)、阴极2(2)是由纯金属阴极和一层纯铁组成。所述扩展互作用自激振荡器(3)通过电子注与金属的自激振荡,注波互作用之后产生电磁波。所述的耦合孔(5)是为了使电磁波在能量尽可能减小损失的情况下通过。所述的金属波导是接收通过耦合孔的电磁波,在通道内形成驻波,稳定周期变化的电场。在金属波导(4)内加另一根电子注,在电子注通过耦合孔(5)所在位置时,电场将能量交给电子注,使电子注产生加速,进而通过波导的通道进行漂移,通过波导口的磁场进行电子注速度的筛选,达到加速器的目的。这种装置解决了原来电子加速器体积太过庞大的问题,并且拥有较好的加速效果。(An apparatus for accelerating electrons using an extended interaction self-excited oscillator (EIO) is disclosed. The structure of the device comprises: the cathode comprises a cathode 1(1), a cathode 2(2), an expansion interaction self-excited oscillator (3), a metal waveguide (4) and a coupling hole (5). The cathode 1(1), the cathode 2(2) are composed of a pure metal cathode and a layer of pure iron. The expansion interaction self-excited oscillator (3) generates electromagnetic waves after the interaction of the injected waves through the self-excited oscillation of the electron beam and the metal. The coupling hole (5) is used for enabling electromagnetic waves to pass through under the condition that energy loss is reduced as much as possible. The metal waveguide is used for receiving electromagnetic waves passing through the coupling hole, forming standing waves in the channel and stabilizing the electric field with periodic variation. And adding another electron beam into the metal waveguide (4), wherein when the electron beam passes through the position of the coupling hole (5), the electric field gives energy to the electron beam to accelerate the electron beam, so that the electron beam drifts through a channel of the waveguide, and the velocity of the electron beam is screened through a magnetic field at a waveguide port, thereby achieving the purpose of the accelerator. The device solves the problem that the original electron accelerator is too large in size, and has a good acceleration effect.)

1. An apparatus for accelerating an electron beam using an extended interaction free running oscillator, the structure comprising: the cathode comprises a cathode 1(1), a cathode 2(2), an expansion interaction self-excited oscillator (3), a metal waveguide (4) and a coupling hole (5), and is characterized in that the metal waveguide (4) is fixed on the expansion interaction self-excited oscillator (3) through vacuum welding.

2. A cathode 1, 2 according to claim 1, wherein the cathodes 1(2), 2(2) are vertically identical and the emission directions are parallel.

3. A cathode according to claim 2 wherein the pure metal cathode is brazed to the pure iron with a layer of brazing material therebetween.

4. Vacuum welding an extended interaction free running oscillator with a metal waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the passage of the metal waveguide is parallel to the extended interaction free running oscillator.

5. The coupling aperture of claim 1, wherein the coupling aperture is perpendicular to the waveguide and the extended interaction free running oscillator.

6. The coupling hole according to claim 5, wherein the coupling hole connects the extended interaction free running oscillator and the metal waveguide, but does not open, and only performs an internal connection function.

7. The coupling holes of claim 5, wherein the number of the coupling holes is not limited to one coupling hole, and the multiple coupling holes can be accelerated together by specific calculation, so as to achieve better acceleration effect.

8. An apparatus for accelerating electrons by using an extended interaction self-excited oscillator is characterized in that a cathode 2(2) emits an electron beam, the electron beam enters the extended interaction self-excited oscillator (3) to generate self-excited oscillation to form an electric field, the electric field is coupled into a metal waveguide through a coupling hole, and a standing wave field is formed in the coupling hole. The cathode 1(1) emits electron beams into the metal waveguide 4, passes through the coupling hole 5, and performs a standing wave acceleration process.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device for accelerating electrons based on an extended interaction self-excited oscillator, in particular to a novel miniaturized electronic accelerating device.

Background

A charged particle accelerator is an electromagnetic device that manually accelerates various types of charged particles to higher energies by means of electric fields of different forms, and is often referred to as a "particle accelerator" and simply "accelerator". The acceleration electric field forms are different according to the types of accelerated particles, and the trajectories followed by the particles in the acceleration process are different, so that the acceleration is classified into various types of accelerators. An electron linear accelerator is an accelerating device that accelerates electrons using a microwave electromagnetic field and has a linear motion trajectory.

The electron linear accelerator has two acceleration modes: a traveling wave acceleration mode and a standing wave acceleration mode.

The traveling wave acceleration mode is a mode in which electrons are accelerated in an acceleration gap having an electric field, and if the gap is made to move at the same speed as the electrons, the accelerated electrons can be always in the acceleration gap, that is, the acceleration field can be always sensed, and the acceleration can be continued.

The standing wave acceleration mode is that alternating power supplies with the same frequency are respectively connected between a series of double-cylinder electrodes, and if the frequency and the distance between the double-cylinder electrodes satisfy a certain relation, electrons can be continuously accelerated.

Accelerators that have been used at present include a gyrotron accelerator (mainstream), a magnetron accelerator, a traveling wave tube accelerator, and the like. But has the characteristics of too large volume, too low power, poor acceleration effect and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects that the traditional electron linear accelerator requires large power and large volume; the invention provides a new device for accelerating linear electrons by a vacuum electron tube, aiming at solving the problem of electron acceleration of certain output power under the condition of small volume.

The invention adopts the following specific scheme: the device for heating the cathode by electromagnetic induction structurally comprises an extended interaction self-excited oscillator, a metal waveguide and the cathode, and is characterized in that the metal waveguide is welded above the extended interaction self-excited oscillator in a vacuum mode.

Further, the vacuum channel of the metal waveguide is parallel to the expansion interaction self-oscillation oscillator.

Further, the two cathode emission directions are parallel, and the vertical direction is on a straight line.

Further, the coupling hole is opened above the extended interaction oscillator to connect the extended interaction free-running oscillator with the vacuum portion of the metal waveguide.

Further, the coupling hole is perpendicular to the metal waveguide and the extended interaction self-oscillator.

Specifically, the device for accelerating linear electrons based on the extended interaction self-excited oscillator is characterized in that the cathode 1(1) emits electron beams, the electron beams enter the extended interaction self-excited oscillator to generate injection wave interaction, and a high-frequency conversion electric field is generated. The high-frequency electric field penetrates through the coupling hole and enters the metal waveguide to form standing waves, and the standing waves interact with the electron beam emitted by the cathode 2(2) to convert the electric field energy into electron kinetic energy and accelerate the electron beam.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1, the accelerator of the invention has small volume, large power and good accelerating effect.

2, the invention can realize better acceleration effect by accelerating through a plurality of coupling holes.

3, the accelerator has good expansibility.

4, the invention directly couples the electric field through the coupling hole to form a standing wave field, and the generated field intensity is stronger.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the structure of an extended interaction free-running oscillator accelerator of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the structure of an extended interaction free-running oscillator accelerator of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for accelerating electrons based on an extended interaction free-running oscillator (EIO). The structure of the device comprises: the cathode comprises a cathode 1(1), a cathode 2(2), an expansion interaction self-excited oscillator (3), a metal waveguide (4) and a coupling hole (5).

As shown in fig. 2, the acceleration process is embodied as: the cathode 2(2) emits electron beams, the electron beams enter the extended interaction self-excited oscillator (3), and electromagnetic waves are generated after the electron beams and the metal are subjected to self-excited oscillation and wave injection interaction. The coupling hole (5) is used for enabling electromagnetic waves to pass through under the condition that energy loss is reduced as much as possible. The metal waveguide is used for receiving electromagnetic waves passing through the coupling hole, forming standing waves in the coupling hole and stabilizing the electric field with periodic variation. The cathode 1(1) emits a second electron beam to enter the metal waveguide (4), when the position of the coupling hole (5) is located, the electric field gives energy to the electron beam to accelerate the electron beam, the electron beam drifts through a channel of the waveguide, and the speed of the electron beam is screened through a magnetic field of a waveguide port, so that the purpose of linear acceleration of the electron beam is achieved. The device solves the problem that the original electron accelerator is too large in size, and has a good acceleration effect.

The cathode 2(2) emits an electron beam to enter an extended interaction self-excited oscillator (EIO), wave injection interaction is carried out at a metal grating in the EIO, and then the cavities at the upper end and the lower end of the EIO are subjected to first coupling of an electric field to generate a periodically-converted electric field (namely positive and negative). The whole cavity is in the same electric field mode (2 pi), but is not limited to the 2 pi mode, so that the electric field of the cavity entering the coupling hole (5) is ensured to keep the same direction.

Calculation of the specific width of the coupling aperture (5): a voltage is applied to the cathode (2), and an electron beam is emitted, enters the extended interaction self-oscillation oscillator (3), and generates an electromagnetic wave after self-oscillation. Based on the frequency f of the generated electromagnetic wave, we can use the formula

The time t for passing through the coupling hole (5) is obtained. Then according to the voltage applied to the cathode (1), generatingVelocity v of movement of the electron beam₀To obtain the length l of the coupling hole (5)_n＝t·v₀·n(n＝1,2,3…)。

When an extended interaction self-excited oscillator (EIO) based device for accelerating electrons has two or three (or even more, theoretically infinite) coupling holes, it is required that the same electron always be in an accelerating electric field or a decelerating electric field region during the process of entering the coupling holes for speed change. Wherein the gap calculating part of the coupling hole (calculated as a single electron): the electron obtains an acceleration energy E in the electric field₁The theory of relativity is that the electron mass m is m₀R (r is a relativistic factor), the equation of Mass energy E₂＝mc²，E₃＝E₂+E₁Obtaining a velocity ofThe adjacent distance of the coupling holes is(n＝1,2,3…)。

As the self-electric field in the extended interaction self-oscillation oscillator shows positive and negative periodic variation, the electron beam emitted by the cathode 1(1) meets an accelerating or decelerating electric field at the coupling hole, so that the electron beam drifts in the metal waveguide (4) to form electron beam clusters with different speeds. In order to obtain pure accelerated electrons, the cathode (1) can be further improved, a photocathode is used as an electron beam emitting end, the emitting time and the emitting period of an electron beam are controlled, the electron beam is always in an accelerating electric field when passing through the coupling hole, and the electron screening effect of the accelerator is realized.

The device for accelerating electrons based on an extended interaction free-running oscillator (EIO) proposed by the present invention is described in detail above, and the principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained herein by applying an example, and the description of the above embodiment is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.