Switching device
阅读说明:本技术 开关装置 (Switching device ) 是由 R·霍夫曼 F·维纳 P·博伯特 于 2019-02-26 设计创作,主要内容包括:给出一种开关装置(100),其具有至少一个固定不动的接触部(2、3)和至少一个可移动的接触部(4),其中,所述接触部(2、3、4)中的至少一个具有金属基质-复合材料,该金属基质-复合材料具有金属的基质材料和分散在该基质材料中的填料。(A switching device (100) is specified, comprising at least one stationary contact part (2, 3) and at least one movable contact part (4), wherein at least one of the contact parts (2, 3, 4) comprises a metal matrix composite comprising a metallic matrix material and a filler dispersed in the matrix material.)
1. Switching device (100) having at least one stationary contact part (2, 3) and at least one movable contact part (4), wherein at least one of the contact parts (2, 3, 4) has a metal matrix composite having a metallic matrix material and a filler dispersed in the matrix material, and wherein the contact parts (2, 3, 4) are arranged in a switching chamber (11) with a gas (14) containing H2。
2. The switching device (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the movable contact (4) is of a metal matrix-composite material.
3. The switching device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the switching device (100) has at least two stationary contacts (2, 3) and all stationary contacts (2, 3) are of a metal matrix-composite material.
4. The switching device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein all stationary and movable contacts (2, 3, 4) of the switching device (2, 3, 4) are of the metal matrix-composite material.
5. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the contacts (2, 3, 4) is entirely composed of the metal matrix-composite material.
6. The switching device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the movable contact (4) is entirely composed of the metal matrix-composite material.
7. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein all stationary and movable contacts (2, 3, 4) of the switching device (2, 3, 4) are entirely composed of the metal matrix-composite material.
8. The switching device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the contact portions (2, 3, 4) has a contact body (20, 40) and at least one contact region (21, 41) arranged at the contact body (20, 40), and at least one of the contact regions (21, 41) has the metal matrix-composite material.
9. The switching device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal matrix-composite material has copper or a copper alloy as a matrix material.
10. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the filler has a metal oxide.
11. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the filler has an oxide comprising aluminium.
12. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the filler is constituted by particles.
13. The switching device (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the particles have an average size of less than 1 μm.
14. The switching device (100) according to any one of the two preceding claims, wherein the particles have an average size of less than or equal to 0.1 μm.
15. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the content of the filler in the matrix material is less than or equal to 2%.
16. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the content of the filler in the matrix material is less than or equal to 1%.
17. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the content of the filler in the matrix material is less than or equal to 0.3%.
18. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the content of the filler in the matrix material is greater than or equal to 0.2%.
19. The switching device (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the gas has a H of at least 50%2And (4) content.
Technical Field
A switching device is provided.
Background
The switching device is in particular designed as an electromagnetically actuated, remotely actuated switch that can be operated by means of an electrical current. The switching means can be activated by the control circuit and can switch the load circuit on and off. The switching device can be designed in particular as a relay or as a contactor (schultz, sometimes referred to as a protection device), in particular as a power contactor. The switching device can be designed particularly preferably as a gas-filled power contactor.
One possible application of such a switching device, in particular a power contactor, is, for example, the disconnection or interruption of a battery circuit in a motor vehicle, such as an electric or partially electric motor vehicle. These motor vehicles may be, for example, purely Battery-powered vehicles (BEV: "Battery Electric Vehicle"), Hybrid-Electric vehicles (PHEV: "Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle") which can be charged by means of a socket or a charging station, and Hybrid-Electric vehicles (HEV: "Hybrid Electric Vehicle"). In this case, the positive contact and the negative contact of the battery are usually opened by means of the power contactor. Such disconnection takes place in normal operation, for example, in the stationary state of the vehicle, and in the event of a disturbance, such as an accident or the like. The main task of the power contactor is to switch the vehicle to no voltage and to interrupt the current.
A particularly serious fault situation that can occur in such a switching device is the so-called "stuck contactor" (english "stuck"). In this case, the switching components "stick" together as a result of welding during opening or closing, so that although the supply voltage of the switch is switched off, there is no guarantee that the load circuit is reliably opened.
In document DE 3430490C 2, a contactor is described in which the burning characteristics are improved and the welding tendency is reduced by using tungsten or molybdenum in the copper. However, these materials are complicated and expensive to produce and lead to an increase in the transition resistance in the closed switching state, which is often undesirable, for example, in high-current applications.
For normally open (ofen) contactors, silver alloys and silver metal oxide alloys, such as AgCdO or AgSnO, are employed in order to reduce the soldering tendency. However, these compounds are not suitable because the oxygen content is not very stable in an environment containing hydrogen, such as for gas-filled power contactors, because oxygen reacts with hydrogen.
Disclosure of Invention
At least one object of certain embodiments is to provide a switching device, particularly preferred a switching device which avoids or at least reduces the tendency to weld.
This object is achieved by an object according to the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments and refinements of the object are indicated in the dependent claims and are also derived from the subsequent description and the drawing.
According to one specific embodiment, the switching device has at least one stationary contact part and at least one movable contact part. At least one stationary contact and at least one movable contact are provided and set up for switching on and off a load circuit which can be coupled to the switching device. The movable contact part can be moved in the switching device between an open state and a closed state of the switching device in such a way that the movable contact part is spaced apart from the at least one stationary contact part in the open state of the switching device and is thereby galvanically disconnected, and in the closed state has mechanical contact with the at least one stationary contact part and is thereby galvanically connected to the at least one stationary contact part. In particular, the switching device preferably has at least two stationary contact parts which are arranged separately from one another in the switching device and which can be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner or electrically disconnected from one another by means of the movable contact parts, depending on the state of the movable contact parts.
According to a further embodiment, the switching device has a housing in which the movable contact part and the at least one stationary contact part or the at least two stationary contact parts are arranged. The movable contact part can in particular be arranged completely in the housing. The arrangement of the stationary contact part in the housing can in particular mean that a contact region of the stationary contact part, which is in mechanical contact with the movable contact part in the switched-on state, is arranged inside the housing. For connecting the input lines of the circuit to be switched on by the switching device, the stationary contact arranged in the housing can be electrically contacted from the outside, i.e. from outside the housing. For this purpose, the stationary contact arranged in the housing can project with a portion out of the housing and can be coupled outside the housing for the supply line.
According to another embodiment, the contact portion is arranged in a gaseous environment within the housing. This may in particular mean that the movable contact is arranged completely in the gas environment within the housing and that, in addition, at least some parts of the one or more stationary contacts, such as the one or more contact areas of the one or more stationary contacts, are arranged in the gas environment within the housing. The switching device can accordingly particularly preferably be a gas-filled switching device, such as a gas-filled contactor. In particular, the contact, that is to say the movable contact, is arranged completely and at least some parts of the one or more stationary contacts can be arranged in a switch chamber inside the housing, in which at least part of the gas, i.e. the gaseous environment, is located. The gas may preferably have at least 50% H2And (4) content. Except for H2The gas may be an inert gas, with N being particularly preferred2And/or one or more noble gases.
According to another embodiment, at least one of the contact parts has a metal matrix composite with a metallic matrix material and a filler dispersed in the matrix material. As matrix material, the metal matrix composite can particularly preferably have copper or a copper alloy. Such materials may advantageously have a high electrical conductivity and, correspondingly, a high current carrying capacity. The filler may particularly preferably have a metal oxide, in particular a high-melting, very stable metal oxide. The filler may, for example, have an oxide containing aluminium. Instead of or in addition to the aluminum oxide, the filler can also have at least one or more other ceramic oxides.
According to another embodiment, the filler is composed of particles, which may be distributed in the matrix material, preferably homogeneously and homogeneously. It has proven advantageous for the particles to have an average size of less than 1 μm, and preferably less than 0.1 μm, so that the filler particularly preferably has a homogeneous, fine-crystalline distribution in the matrix material. Such a fine crystalline distribution can be achieved, for example, as follows: the powder consisting of the alloy is admixed with an oxidizing agent, which has a matrix material and a filler-based metal, so that the filler-based metal contained in the powder particles is oxidized. The desired composition can then be produced, for example, by compacting and sintering the matrix material-oxide-composite-powder thus produced.
According to another embodiment, the filler content in the matrix material is less than or equal to 2%, wherein this content can be measured in particular in weight percent. It has been shown to be advantageous for the content of filler in the matrix material to be less than or equal to 1%, or even less than or equal to 0.3%. Further, the filler content in the matrix material may be greater than or equal to 0.2%.
It has been found that the addition of a filler to the matrix material, which improves the mechanical properties of the matrix material, particularly under high temperature loads, also leads to a low tendency to welding during use, particularly in switchgear filled with hydrogen-containing gases. The problem of the soldering tendency of the contacts in the switching device described here, which is particularly preferably a switching device filled with a hydrogen-containing gas, can thus be reduced or even completely eliminated by the metal matrix composite material described here in that, for one or more of the contacts, a small amount of a high-melting, very stable metal oxide is added to the metal material, preferably copper material. The preferably fine distribution of the particle-shaped filler makes it possible in particular to increase the mechanical strength of the metallic matrix material without impairing its thermal or electrical conductivity. In particular, tests with the switching device described here have shown that more switching processes can be achieved with a current to be switched on of more than 100A by means of the metal matrix composite material than in the case of the usual contact materials which do not correspond to the metal matrix composite material described here, without "sticking", i.e. without the contacts being welded.
Particularly preferably, at least the movable contact can have a metal matrix composite. In particular, at least the movable contact can be entirely made of a metal matrix-composite material. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one stationary contact can also have or consist entirely of a metal matrix composite. If the switching device has at least two stationary contacts, preferably all of the stationary contacts of the switching device can have a metal matrix composite or consist entirely of the same. It may be particularly preferred that all contacts, i.e. all stationary contacts and all movable contacts of the switching device, have a metal matrix composite or are each composed entirely of the same.
If a contact part has a metal matrix composite, this can also mean that the contact part has a contact body and at least one contact region arranged at the contact body, and that at least one contact region has a metal matrix composite. The contact body can be made of a metallic material, for example a metallic matrix material, i.e. such as copper or a copper alloy, without embedded filler. The contact region can be formed, for example, as a tab (Pl ä ttchen, sometimes referred to as a platelet) which has a thickness of, for example, 1mm or less, and usually about 0.5mm, and is fixed to the contact body. For example, the contact area, i.e. for example the contact tab, can be fixed at the contact body by brazing, riveting, caulking or another suitable method. Particularly preferably, all contacts can also have a corresponding contact body and contact region. It is also possible, for example, for the movable contact part to be formed entirely from the metal matrix composite material, while the one or more stationary contact parts are each formed by a contact body with a contact region arranged thereon which is formed by the metal matrix composite material. The opposite embodiment is equally possible.
Drawings
Further advantages, advantageous embodiments and improvements result from the embodiments described below with reference to the figures.
Wherein:
FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a schematic diagram of a switching device according to one embodiment; and
fig. 2A and 2B show schematic views of parts of a contact portion of a switching device according to other embodiments.
Detailed Description
In the various embodiments and in the figures, identical, analogous or identically acting components may each be provided with the same reference symbols. The components shown and their size ratios to one another are not to be considered as precise in terms of dimensions, rather the individual components, such as, for example, layers, components, structural elements and regions, are shown exaggerated for better illustration and/or for better understanding.
Fig. 1A and 1B show an exemplary embodiment of a
The
Fig. 1A and 1B show the
The
The
When the
In terms of the gas atmosphere, the
At least one of the
The filler has a metal oxide or consists of a metal oxide. Particularly preferably, high-melting, very stable metal oxides, such as aluminum oxide or mixtures of ceramic oxides and aluminum oxide, are used for this purpose. Instead of aluminum oxide, the filler can also have at least one or more other ceramic oxides. The filler is dispersed in the matrix material in the form of particles. Particularly preferably, the filler is homogeneously and homogeneously distributed in the matrix material, wherein the particles have an average size of less than 1 μm, and preferably less than 0.1 μm. It has been shown that the filler content in the matrix material is preferably less than or equal to 2% by weight. Particularly preferably, the filler content in the matrix material is less than or equal to 1% by weight, or even less than or equal to 0.3% by weight and greater than or equal to 0.2% by weight.
By adding a filler to the metallic matrix material, a metal matrix-composite material can be formed that has improved mechanical strength compared to the pure matrix material at the same or substantially the same thermal and electrical conductivity. As has been shown surprisingly, the metal matrix composite also has a low tendency to weld, in particular in hydrogen-filled switchgear assemblies.
Particularly preferably, all of the
However, it is also possible for only one of the contacts, for example the
Instead of one or more of the
The contact regions 21, 41 may each be designed as a small piece, for example having a typical thickness of approximately 0.5mm, and are fixed to the respective contact body 20, 40, for example by brazing, riveting or caulking. It is possible to design all
According to other embodiments, the features and embodiments described in connection with the figures may be combined with each other, even if not all combinations are explicitly described. Furthermore, the embodiments described in connection with the figures may alternatively or additionally have other features in the general part according to the description.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described by way of example. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature and any combination of features, which in particular encompasses any combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly specified in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.
List of reference numerals
1 casing
2. 3 stationary contact part
4 movable contact part
5 magnetic armature
6 magnetic core
7 shaft
8 coil
9 yoke
10 spring
11 switch cavity
12 switch chamber wall
13 switch cavity bottom
14 gas
15 inflation connecting pipe
20. 40 contact body
21. 41 contact area
100 switching device
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