阅读说明：本技术 一种基于热调理的有机泥渣制备蚯蚓饲料的方法及其产品 (Method for preparing earthworm feed based on thermally conditioned organic sludge and product thereof ) 是由 胡红云 唐华 陈思懿 易宝军 吴家豪 李爱军 姚洪 于 2020-06-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于饲料制备领域,并具体公开了一种基于热调理的有机泥渣制备蚯蚓饲料的方法及其产品。该方法采用如下步骤：向有机泥渣中添加强氧化剂以获得降害泥渣；向降害泥渣中加入调理剂进行定向调质以获得调质泥渣；在80℃～200℃下对调质泥渣进行热调理得到热调理泥渣,最后对其进行稳定均一化处理,最终制得蚯蚓饲料。本发明采用强氧化剂破坏有机泥渣中的生物碱等对蚯蚓有毒害作用的有机物分子,并在热处理过程中实现进一步降解,有效解决了利用有机泥渣制备的饲料对蚯蚓神经系统具有毒害作用的缺陷,并且有机物分解时产生的甲烷、氨气等气体在热处理过程中被释放,避免其对蚯蚓呼吸产生抑制作用,进而制得有利于蚯蚓正常生长的蚯蚓饲料。(The invention belongs to the field of feed preparation, and particularly discloses a method for preparing earthworm feed based on thermally conditioned organic sludge and a product thereof. The method comprises the following steps: adding a strong oxidant into the organic sludge to obtain harm-reducing sludge; adding a conditioner into the harm-reducing sludge for directional conditioning to obtain conditioned sludge; and (3) performing thermal conditioning on the conditioned sludge at the temperature of 80-200 ℃ to obtain thermal conditioned sludge, and finally performing stable homogenization treatment on the thermal conditioned sludge to obtain the earthworm feed. According to the invention, the organic matter molecules such as alkaloid in the organic sludge and the like which have toxic action on the earthworms are destroyed by adopting a strong oxidant, and the further degradation is realized in the heat treatment process, so that the defect that the feed prepared from the organic sludge has toxic action on the earthworm nervous system is effectively solved, and gases such as methane, ammonia and the like generated in the decomposition of the organic matter are released in the heat treatment process, so that the inhibition effect on the breathing of the earthworms is avoided, and the earthworm feed beneficial to the normal growth of the earthworms is further prepared.)

1. A method for preparing earthworm feed based on heat-conditioned organic sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, adding a strong oxidant into the organic sludge to reduce the toxic action of the organic sludge so as to obtain harm-reducing sludge, wherein the organic sludge comprises one or more of tobacco wastewater sludge, dregs and slaughterhouse sludge;

s2, adding a conditioner into the harm-reducing sludge for directional conditioning, so as to provide a dehydration skeleton for the harm-reducing sludge while regulating and controlling the nutrient content, thereby obtaining conditioned sludge;

s3, carrying out thermal conditioning on the quenched and tempered sludge at the temperature of 80-200 ℃ to obtain thermally conditioned sludge;

s4, stabilizing and homogenizing the thermal conditioning sludge to finally obtain the earthworm feed.

2. The method for preparing earthworm feed based on thermally conditioned organic sludge according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the strong oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, periodic acid or potassium permanganate; the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 0-2% of the mass of a dry basis in the organic sludge; the addition amount of the periodic acid is 0-1% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge; the addition amount of the potassium permanganate is 0-2% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge.

3. The method for preparing earthworm feed based on the thermally conditioned organic sludge according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the conditioner comprises one or more of animal waste, kitchen waste, stalk liquid, straw, wood chips and pyrolytic coke of the above materials; the addition amount of the conditioner is 10-40% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge.

4. The method for preparing earthworm feed based on the heat-conditioned organic sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the heating rate in the heat-conditioning process is 1 ℃/min to 20 ℃/min, and the heating time is 10min to 360 min.

5. The method for preparing earthworm feed based on the heat-conditioned organic sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the material is uniformly mixed by a stirring device during the heat-conditioning process, and the rotation speed of the stirring device is ensured to be 10r/min to 30 r/min.

6. The method for preparing earthworm feed based on heat-conditioned organic sludge according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, plant ash, acetic acid or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution is added to the heat-conditioned sludge, and the pH of the mixture is adjusted to 6.2-7.1.

7. The method for preparing the earthworm feed based on the thermally conditioned organic sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the thermally conditioned sludge is dehydrated by plate and frame filter pressing dehydration, vacuum filtration or centrifugal dehydration, so that the moisture content of the thermally conditioned sludge after dehydration is 20-40%.

8. The method for preparing earthworm feed based on the heat-conditioned organic sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the stabilization homogenization treatment, putrid fruits are added into the heat-conditioned sludge, the addition amount of the putrid fruits is ensured to be less than 2% of the dry basis mass in the organic sludge, and then the stabilization homogenization treatment is carried out by adopting a fermentation, natural air drying or heating and curing manner in step S4.

9. An earthworm feed prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The earthworm feed of claim 9, wherein the earthworm feed has a pathogen and parasite inactivation rate of greater than 95%, an alkaloid decomposition rate of greater than 90%, and an organic matter content of greater than 50%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing earthworm feed based on heat-conditioned organic sludge and a product thereof.

Background

The earthworms, as a omnivorous link animal, are widely distributed in a soil system and account for 80 percent of the total biomass of land invertebrates. The earthworm can be used as protein feed for breeding livestock, poultry, fish and the like in agricultural production, can loosen soil and improve soil fertility, can treat organic garbage in production and life in cities and rural areas, and has extremely high utilization value.

The earthworms are vigorous in metabolism and large in required amount of the feed, one earthworm can consume and convert 0.4-0.5 g of organic waste every day, and 180-ton feed is required in each mu of earthworm breeding process every year. In the large-scale earthworm breeding process, various organic wastes such as biomass straws, organic sludge, livestock and poultry manure and the like are mainly used as feeds. CN106387518A discloses a comprehensive earthworm feed, which is prepared by fermenting and decomposing animal wastes, ampullaria gigas powder, straws, tea seed meal, sawdust, mustard bran, corn kang, household garbage, cassava residue, a composite microbial inoculum and the like. CN107455576A discloses an earthworm feed and a preparation method thereof, the method prepares earthworm feed by raw materials such as crop straws, cow dung, pig dung, chicken manure, wheat bran, pomelo peel powder and the like through processes such as fermentation, pH adjustment, dehydration and the like, and simultaneously avoids the problem of foul smell generated by decomposition of protein on a base material. However, the preparation methods of the earthworm feeds have the defects of complex raw materials, difficult collection of animal wastes and higher cost, and in addition, the preparation processes all need fermentation and take longer time.

CN110407612A discloses a rapid sludge composting method by earthworm compost synergistic drying, which takes sewage sludge particles as earthworm cultivation substrates and carries out fermentation treatment on sludge earthworm cast mixture to obtain earthworm cast fertilizer. However, the sludge particles in the patent lack a pretreatment process, the water content, pathogenic bacteria, parasites and harmful substances are high, and the sludge components are not completely matched with nutrient components required by earthworm cultivation, so that the growth of earthworms is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects and/or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing earthworm feed based on heat-conditioned organic sludge and a product thereof, wherein the method uses tobacco wastewater sludge, medicine residues and slaughterhouse sludge as raw materials, and sequentially carries out harm reduction treatment, directional conditioning, heat conditioning and stable homogenization treatment on the raw materials, so that the nutrient content of the sludge is effectively regulated and controlled, the alkaloid content and the water content in the sludge are reduced, the effects of inactivating pathogenic bacteria and parasites are achieved, and the earthworm feed with rich nutrition and good palatability is prepared.

To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing earthworm feed based on thermally conditioned organic sludge, comprising the steps of:

s1, adding a strong oxidant into the organic sludge to reduce the toxic action of the organic sludge so as to obtain harm-reducing sludge, wherein the organic sludge comprises one or more of tobacco wastewater sludge, residue sludge and slaughterhouse sludge;

s2, adding a conditioner into the harm-reducing sludge for directional conditioning, so as to provide a dehydration skeleton for the harm-reducing sludge while regulating and controlling the nutrient content, thereby obtaining conditioned sludge;

s3, carrying out thermal conditioning on the quenched and tempered sludge at the temperature of 80-200 ℃ to obtain thermally conditioned sludge;

s4, stabilizing and homogenizing the thermal conditioning sludge to finally obtain the earthworm feed.

As further preferred, in step S1, the strong oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, periodic acid or potassium permanganate; the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 0-2% of the mass of a dry basis in the organic sludge; the addition amount of the periodic acid is 0-1% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge; the addition amount of the potassium permanganate is 0-2% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge.

As a further preferred option, in step S2, the conditioner includes one or more of animal waste, kitchen waste, stalk liquid, straw, wood dust, and pyrolytic coke of the above materials; the addition amount of the conditioner is 10-40% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge.

More preferably, in step S3, the heating rate in the heat conditioning process is 1 to 20 ℃/min, and the heating time is 10 to 360 min.

Preferably, in step S3, a stirring device is used to uniformly mix the materials during the thermal conditioning process, and the rotation speed of the stirring device is kept at 10r/min to 30 r/min.

Further preferably, in step S3, plant ash, acetic acid or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution is added to the thermally conditioned sludge, and the pH thereof is adjusted to 6.2 to 7.1.

More preferably, in step S3, the thermally conditioned sludge is subjected to dehydration treatment by plate and frame filter pressing dehydration, vacuum filtration or centrifugal dehydration, so that the moisture content of the thermally conditioned sludge after dehydration is 20% to 40%.

Further preferably, in step S4, before the stabilization and homogenization treatment, rotting melons and fruits are added into the thermally conditioned sludge, the addition amount of the rotting melons and fruits is ensured to be less than 2% of the dry basis mass of the organic sludge, and the stabilization and homogenization treatment is performed by adopting a fermentation, natural air drying or heating and curing manner.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an earthworm feed prepared by the above method.

More preferably, the earthworm feed has a pathogen and parasite inactivation ratio of more than 95%, an alkaloid decomposition ratio of more than 90%, and an organic matter content of more than 50%.

Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:

1. the invention provides a method for preparing earthworm feed based on thermally conditioned organic sludge, wherein tobacco wastewater sludge, medicine residues and slaughterhouse sludge are used as raw material sources of the earthworm feed, and the earthworm feed has the advantages of stable components, high organic matter content, low heavy metal content and the like; meanwhile, a strong oxidant is adopted to destroy the molecular structure of organic matters such as alkaloid in the organic sludge, which have toxic action on the earthworms, and further degradation is realized in the heat treatment process, so that the defect that the feed prepared by utilizing the organic sludge has toxic action on the nervous system of the earthworms is effectively solved, and gases such as methane, ammonia gas and the like generated in the decomposition of the organic matters are released in the heat treatment process, thereby preventing the gases from inhibiting the breathing of the earthworms; in addition, organic acid intermediates which have toxic action on the earthworms are prevented from being generated in the fermentation process by decomposing the organic matters, so that the earthworm feed which is beneficial to the normal growth of the earthworms is prepared;

2. in addition, animal waste, kitchen waste, stalk liquid, straw, wood dust, rotten fruits and pyrolytic coke of the materials are selected as conditioners in a targeted manner, so that on one hand, the content of crude fiber and protein of the earthworm feed is increased, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted, the nutritive value is improved, and the taste is improved; on the other hand, the conditioner is used as a framework in the sludge dewatering process, so that the sludge water can be conveniently discharged, the sludge dewatering performance is improved, the dewatering energy consumption is reduced, and the water content of the earthworm feed is effectively adjusted;

3. particularly, the invention can realize the softening and decomposition of crude fibers in the organic sludge by optimizing the reaction conditions in the thermal conditioning process, improve the physical properties and provide a breeding place for earthworms; meanwhile, organic matters such as sludge crude fiber and protein are partially decomposed after thermal conditioning, soluble components are increased, the characteristics of fineness, rot and softness are met, the earthworm is convenient to eat, the preparation period can be greatly shortened, and the preparation efficiency is improved;

4. the earthworm feed prepared by the invention has low content of pathogenic bacteria and parasites, does not damage the normal growth of earthworms, avoids the problem of low survival rate of earthworms cultured in a sludge matrix, has adjustable humidity and pH and is suitable for being eaten by earthworms.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing earthworm feed based on heat-conditioned organic sludge according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing earthworm feed based on thermally conditioned organic sludge, which includes the following steps:

s1, adding a strong oxidant into the organic sludge to reduce the toxic action of the organic sludge so as to obtain harm-reducing sludge, wherein the organic sludge comprises one or more of tobacco wastewater sludge, dregs and slaughterhouse sludge;

s2, adding a conditioner into the harm-reducing sludge for directional conditioning, so as to provide a dehydration skeleton for the harm-reducing sludge while regulating and controlling the nutrient content, thereby obtaining conditioned sludge, wherein the conditioner comprises one or more of animal wastes, kitchen wastes, stem liquid, straws, wood chips and pyrolytic coke of the materials, and the addition amount of the conditioner is 10% -40% of the mass of a dry basis in the organic sludge;

s3, performing thermal conditioning on the conditioning sludge at the temperature of 80-200 ℃ to obtain thermally conditioned sludge, wherein the heating rate is ensured to be 1-20 ℃/min and the heating time is ensured to be 10-360 min in the thermal conditioning process, and meanwhile, the materials can be uniformly mixed by using stirring equipment in the thermal conditioning process, and the rotating speed of the stirring equipment is ensured to be 10-30 r/min, so that the effect of enhancing heat exchange is achieved;

s4 adding rotten melons and fruits into the hot conditioning sludge, ensuring that the adding amount of the rotten melons and fruits is less than 2% of the dry basis weight of the organic sludge, and then performing stable homogenization treatment on the organic sludge in a fermentation, natural air drying or heating and curing manner to finally obtain the earthworm feed.

Further, the tobacco wastewater sludge is organic sludge formed by concentrating and stabilizing a large amount of excess sludge generated after biochemical reaction of wastewater in the process of paper-making tobacco sheet reconstruction. Compared with the urban domestic sewage sludge, the tobacco wastewater sludge contains more organic matters, the content of the organic matters exceeds 70 percent of the dry basis weight of the sludge, the heavy metal content is low, and the method is more suitable for manufacturing earthworm feeds. However, besides the problems of incomplete matching of moisture content, pathogenic bacteria, parasites, nutritional ingredients and the like, the tobacco wastewater sludge also contains a large amount of high-concentration alkaloids, phenols and alcohols, and the alkaloids can interfere with the stimulation and conduction of the insect nervous system to cause nerve blockage and cause nerve paralysis and death of insects, so that great challenge is brought to the preparation of earthworm feeds from the tobacco wastewater sludge. Similarly, the medicine dregs and the slaughter house sludge are rich in organic matters, but have the problems of high alkaloid content, incomplete matching of water content, pathogenic bacteria, parasites, nutritional ingredients and the like. According to the invention, the strong oxidant is added to destroy the molecular structure of organic matters such as alkaloid and the like, so that the generation of organic acid intermediates in the fermentation process is avoided, the toxic action of organic sludge can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the organic sludge is thermally conditioned at the temperature of 80-200 ℃, so that the decomposition of alkaloid can be further promoted, and gases such as methane, ammonia and the like generated during the decomposition of the organic matters are released, so that the inhibition of breathing of earthworms is avoided.

Further, in step S1, the strong oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, periodic acid or potassium permanganate; the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 0-2% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge; the addition amount of periodic acid is 0-1% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge; the addition amount of the potassium permanganate is 0-2% of the dry basis weight in the organic sludge, so that the problem that alkaloid reaction is insufficient due to too little addition of a strong oxidant is avoided, and meanwhile, the influence on the normal growth of earthworms caused by a large amount of residues of the strong oxidant is reduced.

Further, in step S3, in order to adjust the water content and pH of the earthworm feed, plant ash, acetic acid or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution may be added to the hot-conditioned sludge, and the pH value thereof is adjusted to 6.2-7.1; meanwhile, the earthworm fodder can be dehydrated by adopting a plate-and-frame filter pressing dehydration, vacuum filtration or centrifugal dehydration mode, and the moisture content of the dehydrated thermal conditioning sludge can reach 20% -40% through the dual functions of thermal conditioning and mechanical dehydration, so that the moisture content and the pH value of the earthworm fodder can be adjusted.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an earthworm feed prepared by the above method, wherein the earthworm feed has a pathogen and parasite inactivation rate of more than 95%, an alkaloid decomposition rate of more than 90% and an organic matter content of more than 50%.

The invention will now be described in further detail by taking a specific method for preparing earthworm feed based on thermally conditioned organic sludge and a product thereof as examples.