阅读说明：本技术 一种城市固废粒化预处理提质的方法和系统 (Method and system for pre-treating and upgrading urban solid waste by granulation ) 是由 王广 董剑豪 王静松 薛庆国 于 2020-06-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种城市固废粒化预处理提质的方法和系统,属于节能环保和资源综合利用领域。该方法包括：将固体碳质材料和城市固废按预定比例配好并混匀；将混匀后的混合料在惰性气氛保护下进行热处理并排出；将排出后的热态混合料在惰性气氛保护下进行冷却处理,然后进行破碎、筛分,制得产物。通过本方法,能有效提高城市固废的成分均匀性和热值,并实现了一定程度的破碎,从而大大提高了城市固废的利用效率和途径,同时为新型城市固废处理技术的开发奠定了坚实的基础,具有较好的应用前景、经济效益和社会效益。(The invention discloses a method and a system for pre-treating and upgrading urban solid waste by granulation, belonging to the fields of energy conservation, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. The method comprises the following steps: mixing the solid carbonaceous material and the urban solid waste according to a predetermined proportion and uniformly mixing; carrying out heat treatment on the uniformly mixed mixture under the protection of inert atmosphere and discharging; and cooling the discharged thermal mixture under the protection of inert atmosphere, and then crushing and screening to obtain the product. The method can effectively improve the component uniformity and the heat value of the urban solid waste and realize the crushing to a certain degree, thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency and the approach of the urban solid waste, laying a solid foundation for the development of a novel urban solid waste treatment technology, and having better application prospect, economic benefit and social benefit.)

1. A method for pre-treating and upgrading urban solid waste granulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: mixing the solid carbonaceous material and the urban solid waste according to a predetermined proportion and uniformly mixing;

step 2: carrying out heat treatment on the uniformly mixed mixture under the protection of inert atmosphere and discharging;

and step 3: and cooling the discharged thermal mixture under the protection of inert atmosphere, and then crushing and screening to obtain the product.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the content of organic polymer materials in the municipal solid waste is greater than 10%.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 is preceded by pretreating the municipal solid waste by: kitchen waste, metal, glass and construction waste in the urban solid waste are removed in advance.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the adding amount of the municipal solid waste is 10-50% of that of the solid carbonaceous material, and the prepared mixture is put into a mixing device and mixed uniformly.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the solid carbonaceous material is anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, blast furnace sack ash, coked fly ash, charcoal, semicoke or coke powder, and the particle size is less than 0.5 mm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the blended mixture is sent to a heat treatment facility for heat treatment.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment equipment is used for heating in sections, the temperature is 100-500 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 60-120 minutes.

8. A system for pre-treatment upgrading of municipal solid waste granulation, characterized in that the system is treated with a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the system comprising:

the mixing equipment is used for uniformly mixing the solid carbonaceous material and the urban solid wastes which are prepared according to the preset proportion;

the heat treatment equipment is used for carrying out heat treatment on the uniformly mixed mixture;

the cooling bin is used for cooling the discharged thermal mixture;

crushing equipment for crushing the cooled discharged material;

and the screening equipment is used for screening the crushed materials.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the thermal processing apparatus comprises: the screw conveyer made of heat-resistant steel, the outer cylinder wall of the machine body and the internal screw are all sleeved with an electric heating device.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of energy conservation, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and particularly relates to a method and a system for urban solid waste granulation pretreatment and quality improvement.

Background

Along with the rapid development of social economy, the acceleration of urbanization process and the rapid improvement of the living standard of people in China, the generation amount of urban solid waste is increased year by year. In 2018, the urban solid waste production of large and medium cities in China is 13.4 hundred million tons. The 'garbage enclosing city' has become one of the important factors which restrict the development of many cities and influence the life quality of citizens. The accumulation of a large amount of urban solid wastes causes problems of visual pollution, soil deterioration, organism poisoning, marine environmental pollution, resource waste, atmospheric environmental pollution and the like, seriously influences the daily life of people and destroys the natural environment of the earth. Therefore, the problem of disposing of pollution due to the accumulation of municipal solid waste is imminent.

At present, the treatment method of urban solid waste mainly comprises the following steps: landfill, incineration, and composting. The landfill method not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but also has the problems of long treatment period, easy secondary pollution and the like, and is difficult to continue at present; the incineration method is easy to produce toxic and harmful gases when used for treating waste plastics. The composting method mainly treats organic solid wastes by microorganisms, but the treated products need to be developed and deeply processed, so that the processing cost is high. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient and environment-friendly urban solid waste digestion technology to realize green recycling of urban solid waste. Based on the problems, urban solid waste utilization technologies such as fluidized bed combustion, fluidized bed gasification and metallurgical method synergistic treatment are proposed, and compared with the traditional urban solid waste treatment technology, the technology is not only efficient and environment-friendly, but also can realize harmlessness, reduction and recycling of urban solid waste treatment at low cost. However, due to the complex urban solid waste components, especially the high toughness and difficult crushing of waste plastics and rubber products, many advanced urban solid waste treatment technologies are difficult to operate efficiently and stably. Therefore, an efficient urban solid waste pretreatment granulation technology needs to be developed to support efficient, green and harmless disposal and recycling of urban solid waste.

The Chinese patent (application number: CN201920072411.X) entitled "equipment for producing plastic particles by using waste plastics" discloses equipment for producing plastic particles by using waste plastics, which heats and softens the waste plastics, extrudes the waste plastics at a machine head, extrudes the plastic plastics through a discharge port, and cuts the plastic plastics. The method can only process purer waste plastic raw materials, does not consider the problem of collecting gases after the waste plastics are softened, and simultaneously, the produced plastic particles have large particle sizes and lower processing efficiency. The invention belongs to different technical fields from the invention, and the raw materials and the equipment structure processed by the invention are different.

The invention discloses a Chinese patent (application number: CN201910613568.3) named as urban solid waste crushing equipment, which discloses urban solid waste crushing equipment, wherein urban solid waste is rotationally cut by a cutter, and crushed urban solid waste is sieved to obtain a product. The method has the problems of low crushing efficiency, insufficient crushing, difficulty in crushing the thin film plastic with high toughness and the like. Further, the pulverized product has a high restriction due to its non-uniform composition.

The Chinese patent (application No. CN201910833613.6) entitled "method and device for treating municipal solid waste" discloses a device for treating municipal solid waste, which is used for crushing municipal solid waste, conveying the crushed municipal solid waste to a drying chamber for drying, and then burning the crushed municipal solid waste. Although the method can simply pretreat and incinerate the urban solid waste, the urban solid waste cannot be effectively and uniformly mixed and granulated, and the combustion process of the solid waste is still uneven, so that more gaseous pollutants such as dioxin and the like are generated.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to find a technically feasible, economically reasonable, green and environment-friendly equipment system and method for urban solid waste granulation pretreatment and quality improvement.

The method comprises the steps of well mixing pre-sorted and coarsely crushed urban solid waste and crushed solid carbonaceous materials according to a preset proportion, uniformly mixing the materials by a mixer, sending the mixture into a heat treatment machine for heat treatment, and heating to embrittle the urban solid waste so as to facilitate crushing and granulation. Meanwhile, the addition of the solid carbonaceous material plays a role of a grinding aid, so that the urban solid waste is more thoroughly crushed, and the crushing efficiency is improved. The purifier is used for decomposing toxic gas in the waste gas, so that the harmful gas is prevented from being directly discharged to pollute the environment.

According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for pre-treatment upgrading of municipal solid waste granulation, the process comprising:

step 1: mixing the solid carbonaceous material and the urban solid waste according to a predetermined proportion and uniformly mixing;

step 2: carrying out heat treatment on the uniformly mixed mixture and discharging;

and step 3: and cooling the discharged thermal mixture, crushing and screening to obtain the product.

Furthermore, the content of the organic polymer materials in the urban solid waste is more than 10 percent so as to ensure the heat value of the product.

Further, the method also comprises the following step of pretreating urban solid waste before the step 1: kitchen waste, metal, glass and construction waste in the urban solid waste are removed in advance, and the rest blocky materials are crushed to have the granularity smaller than 50mm so as to ensure that the materials can be fully mixed.

Further, in the step 1, the production efficiency, the heat transfer efficiency of a heat treatment machine and the dispersion degree of the solid carbonaceous materials in the heat treatment solid waste are comprehensively considered, the adding amount of the urban solid waste is 10-50% of that of the solid carbonaceous materials, and the prepared mixture is put into a mixer to be mixed uniformly.

Further, in step 1, the solid carbonaceous material is anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, blast furnace cloth bag ash, coking dust removal ash, charcoal, semicoke or coke powder, and the particle size of the solid carbonaceous material is less than 0.5mm, so that the adsorption of the carbonaceous powder on the surface of the solid waste is promoted.

Further, in the step 2, the uniformly mixed mixture is sent to a heat treatment device for heat treatment.

Further, the mixture inside the heat treatment equipment is protected by inert atmosphere all the time.

Further, the heat treatment apparatus includes: the screw conveyer made of heat-resistant steel, the outer cylinder wall of the machine body and the internal screw are all sleeved with an electric heating device.

Furthermore, the heat treatment equipment is used for heating in sections in the machine, the temperature is 100-500 ℃, the heat treatment time is 60-120 minutes, the whole process from drying to melting of solid waste is fully realized with low energy consumption, and meanwhile, the full mutual reaction and infiltration diffusion between solid carbonaceous material powder and solid waste are ensured in the melting stage.

Further, in step 3, the discharged thermal mixture is cooled in a cooling bin protected by inert atmosphere.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for pre-treatment upgrading of municipal solid waste granulation, the system being treated with a method according to any one of the above aspects, the system comprising:

the mixing equipment is used for uniformly mixing the solid carbonaceous material and the urban solid wastes which are prepared according to the preset proportion;

the heat treatment equipment is used for carrying out heat treatment on the uniformly mixed mixture;

the cooling bin is used for cooling the discharged thermal mixture;

crushing equipment for crushing the cooled discharged material;

and the screening equipment is used for screening the crushed materials.

Furthermore, inert protective gas is introduced into the cold area bin to cool and protect the hot discharge material, and then enters the heat treatment equipment to flow in the reverse direction with the solid material so as to ensure the sufficient heat exchange between the inert atmosphere in the machine and the solid material.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the urban solid waste and the solid carbonaceous material powder are uniformly mixed and subjected to heat treatment, the solid waste is partially melted in the heating process, and then the carbonaceous powder is absorbed, and the solid waste and the carbonaceous powder mutually permeate in the melting process, so that the brittle carbonaceous powder is distributed in a solid waste matrix, the solid waste is not continuous in structure, after the heat treatment material is cooled, the plastic-based solid waste is subjected to brittle transition to a certain extent, and finally, the crushing performance and the crushing efficiency of the urban solid waste can be effectively improved, the urban solid waste is granulated, the granularity of the urban solid waste is reduced, and the subsequent recycling is facilitated. The method can effectively improve the component uniformity and the heat value of the urban solid waste, thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency and the way of the urban solid waste, laying a solid foundation for the development of a novel urban solid waste treatment technology, and having better application prospect, economic benefit and social benefit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the principle flow of the process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.

The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present disclosure are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the disclosure described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.

Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

A plurality, including two or more.

And/or, it should be understood that, for the term "and/or" as used in this disclosure, it is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three types of relationships may exist. For example, a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

The invention provides a method and a system for pre-treating and upgrading urban solid wastes by granulation. The product can be applied to raw materials for coke oven coking, fuels for iron ore sintering, reducing agents for blast furnace iron-making injection and fuels for thermal power plants according to different properties. The main process flow is as follows:

(1) mixing the solid carbonaceous material and the pretreated urban solid waste according to a preset proportion, wherein the mixing amount of the urban solid waste is 10-50% of that of the solid carbonaceous material, and putting the mixed material into a mixer for uniformly mixing;

(2) sending the uniformly mixed mixture into a heat treatment machine for treatment, wherein the raw materials in the heat treatment machine are protected by inert atmosphere all the time;

(3) and cooling the discharged thermal mixture in a cooling bin protected by inert atmosphere, and then crushing and screening to obtain a product.

The content of high-carbon and hydrogen organic polymer materials such as waste plastics, rubber and the like in the used urban solid waste is more than 10 percent, kitchen waste, metal, glass and building garbage in the urban solid waste are removed in advance, the remaining materials are crushed, and the granularity of the blocky materials is controlled to be less than 50 mm. The solid carbonaceous material is anthracite, bituminous coal, brown coal, blast furnace cloth bag ash, coking dedusting ash, charcoal, semicoke or coke powder, and the granularity of 100 percent is less than 0.5 mm. The heat treatment equipment is a spiral conveying device made of heat-resistant steel, the outer cylinder wall of the machine body and the inner screw are sleeved with electric heating devices, so that the mixture is fully heated, the machine is heated in sections at 100-500 ℃ for 60-120 minutes, and waste gas discharged from the machine is treated by a purifier and then discharged. And introducing protective gas into the cold area bin to cool and protect the hot discharge material, and then introducing the hot discharge material into heat treatment equipment to flow in the reverse direction of the solid material so as to ensure the inert atmosphere in the machine and the sufficient heating of the solid material. And crushing the cooled discharged materials, screening the crushed materials, returning oversize products to be continuously crushed, adjusting the granularity of undersize products according to the purpose, and controlling the heat value of the products to be 20-40 kJ/g.