High gain and large bandwidth antenna including built-in differential feed scheme
阅读说明:本技术 包含内置的差分馈电方案的高增益和大带宽天线 (High gain and large bandwidth antenna including built-in differential feed scheme ) 是由 哈米德·雷扎·梅马尔·扎德·德黑兰 徐加里 崔原硕 于 2019-02-20 设计创作,主要内容包括:本公开涉及超越诸如长期演进(LTE)的第4代(4G)通信系统的将被提供用于支持更高数据速率的pre-5代(5G)或5G通信系统。本公开包括天线和包括天线的基站。所述天线包括至少一个单位单元,所述单位单元包括折板层、馈电网络和贴片。所述折板层包括多个折板。所述馈电网络位于所述折板层下方,并且包括多个馈电线。所述多个馈电线中的每个馈电线包括激励端口和传输线。所述贴片为四边形形状,并且位于所述折板层上方,使得所述贴片和所述折板层之间存在气隙。(The present disclosure relates to pre-5 generation (5G) or 5G communication systems that are to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4 generation (4G) communication systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). The present disclosure includes an antenna and a base station including the antenna. The antenna comprises at least one unit cell, and the unit cell comprises a folded plate layer, a feed network and a patch. The flap layer includes a plurality of flaps. The feed network is located below the fold plane and includes a plurality of feed lines. Each of the plurality of feed lines includes an excitation port and a transmission line. The patch is quadrilateral in shape and is positioned over the flap layer such that an air gap exists between the patch and the flap layer.)
1. An antenna, the antenna comprising:
at least one unit cell, the at least one unit cell comprising:
a flap layer comprising a plurality of flaps,
a feed network located below the baffle layer, the feed network comprising a plurality of feed lines, each feed line of the plurality of feed lines comprising an excitation port and a transmission line, an
A patch having a quadrilateral shape, the patch being positioned over a flap layer such that an air gap exists between the patch and the flap layer.
2. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of slots located between the baffle layer and the feed network,
wherein each of the transmission lines extends through one of the plurality of slots and has an end point located between opposing ones of the plurality of slots.
3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of flaps in the flap layer above the layer of the feed network form a cavity;
the flap layer is a layer of electromagnetic material from which the plurality of flaps are machined; and
the plurality of flaps includes four flaps disposed about the cavity.
4. The antenna of claim 2, further comprising:
an antenna panel is provided with a plurality of antenna elements,
wherein the at least one unit cell includes a plurality of unit cells disposed adjacent to each other at an angle of about forty-five degrees with respect to each other in the antenna panel.
5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein:
the flap layer is formed on one side of the substrate and the feeding network is formed on the other side of the substrate; and is
The plurality of flaps and the transmission line are made of one or more electromagnetic materials.
6. The antenna of claim 5, further comprising an antenna panel,
wherein the at least one unit cell includes a plurality of unit cells disposed adjacent to each other in the antenna panel.
7. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the patch includes a slit located at each corner of the patch.
8. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the at least one unit cell comprises two unit cells forming a sub-array, the unit cells in the sub-array sharing a common feed network.
9. The antenna of claim 8, wherein:
the subarrays comprising different orthogonal polarizations of +90 degrees and-90 degrees; and is
The difference is introduced via the common feed network.
10. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising: an antenna panel comprising a plurality of sub-arrays, each sub-array comprising two unit cells sharing a common feed network.
11. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed network is an asymmetric stripline feed network.
12. The antenna of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of pins, each pin connected to the excitation port of one of the plurality of feed lines and to the asymmetric stripline feed network.
13. A base station, the base station comprising:
an antenna comprising at least one unit cell, the at least one unit cell comprising:
a flap layer comprising a plurality of flaps arranged around the void,
a feed network located below the baffle layer, the feed network comprising a plurality of feed lines, each feed line of the plurality of feed lines comprising an excitation port and a transmission line, an
A patch having a quadrilateral shape, the patch being positioned over the void in the flap layer such that an air gap exists between the patch and the flap layer,
a transceiver configured to transmit and receive signals via the antenna; and
a controller configured to control the transceiver to transmit and receive the signal.
14. The base station of claim 13, wherein the antenna comprises an antenna implemented by one of claims 2 to 12.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates generally to antenna structures. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an antenna structure that produces a modest radiation gain over a large frequency range.
Background
In order to meet the demand for wireless data services that have increased since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems. Accordingly, the 5G or pre-5G communication system is also referred to as an "ultra 4G network" or a "post-LTE system".
The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in a higher frequency (mm-wave) band (for example, 28GHz or 60GHz band) in order to achieve a higher data rate. In order to reduce propagation loss of radio waves and increase transmission distance, beamforming, massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beamforming, and massive antenna techniques are discussed in the 5G communication system.
In addition, in the 5G communication system, development of improvement of a system network is being performed based on advanced small cells, a cloud Radio Access Network (RAN), an ultra dense network, device-to-device (D2D) communication, a wireless backhaul, a mobile network, cooperative communication, coordinated multipoint (CoMP), reception-side interference cancellation, and the like.
In 5G systems, hybrid FSK and QAM modulation (FQAM) and Sliding Window Superposition Coding (SWSC) have been developed as Advanced Coding Modulation (ACM), and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) as advanced access techniques.
The concept of massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) aims to improve the coverage and spectral efficiency of next generation telecommunication systems. In next generation telecommunication systems, users exclusively use one or more spatial directions for the intended communication purpose. Massive MIMO based systems generate multiple beams and actively form beams for a user or a group of users to improve the required radiation efficiency. Some massive MIMO antenna systems have a large number of antenna elements. The performance of the overall system is therefore dependent on the performance of the individual elements, which have a high gain and a rather small structure compared to the wavelength at the operating frequency. The working frequency range is 2.3-2.6GHz and/or 3.4-3.6 GHz.
Due to the design of the frequency and the resulting wavelength, difficulties arise in designing antenna elements with gain equal to or better than-6 dB and with a bandwidth radiation range covering the 3.2-3.9GHz range, while maintaining a simple and cost-effective overall antenna structure that can be mass-produced.
Disclosure of Invention
Solution to the problem
Embodiments of the present disclosure include an antenna and a base station including the antenna.
In one embodiment, the antenna includes at least one unit cell. The at least one unit cell includes a baffle layer, a feed network, and a patch. The flap layer includes a plurality of flaps. The feed network is located below the fold plane and includes a plurality of feed lines. Each of the plurality of feed lines includes an excitation port and a transmission line. The patch is quadrilateral in shape and is positioned over the flap layer such that an air gap exists between the patch and the flap layer.
In another embodiment, a base station includes an antenna, a transceiver, and a controller. The antenna comprises at least one unit cell, and the unit cell comprises a folded plate layer, a feed network and a patch. The flap layer includes a plurality of flaps. The feed network is located below the fold plane and includes a plurality of feed lines. Each of the plurality of feed lines includes an excitation port and a transmission line. The patch is quadrilateral in shape and is positioned over the flap layer such that an air gap exists between the patch and the flap layer. The transceiver transmits and receives signals via the antenna. The controller controls the transceiver to transmit and receive the signal.
In this disclosure, the terms antenna module, antenna array, beam and beam steering are frequently used. The antenna module may include one or more arrays. An antenna array may include one or more antenna elements. Each antenna element may be capable of providing one or more polarizations, such as vertical polarization, horizontal polarization, or both vertical and horizontal polarizations simultaneously. Simultaneous vertical and horizontal polarizations can be refracted to orthogonally polarized antennas. The antenna module radiates the received energy in a gain-concentrated manner in a specific direction. The radiation of energy in a particular direction is conceptually referred to as a beam. A beam may be a radiation pattern from one or more antenna elements or one or more antenna arrays.
Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.
Before proceeding with the following detailed description, it may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this disclosure. The term "couple" and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with one another. The terms "transmit," "receive," and "communicate," as well as derivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms "include" and "comprise," as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term "or" is inclusive, meaning and/or. The phrase "associated with … …" and derivatives thereof means including, included within, interconnected with … …, inclusive, included within, connected to or connected with … …, coupled to or coupled with … …, in communication with … …, cooperating with … …, interleaved, juxtaposed, adjacent, constrained to or constrained by … …, having the characteristic of … …, having a … … relationship or related to … …, and the like. The term "controller" refers to any device, system, or part thereof that controls at least one operation. Such a controller may be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and/or firmware. The functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. The phrase "at least one of," when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items can be used and only one item in the list may be required. For example, "at least one of A, B and C" includes any one of the following combinations: A. b, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and a and B and C.
Further, various functions described below may be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer-readable program code and recorded in a computer-readable medium. The terms "application" and "program" refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof adapted for implementation in suitable computer readable program code. The phrase "computer readable program code" includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase "computer readable medium" includes any type of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disc (DVD), or any other type of memory. A "non-transitory" computer-readable medium does not include a wired, wireless, optical, or other communication link that transmits transitory electrical or other signals. Non-transitory computer-readable media include media that can permanently store data as well as media that can store data and be subsequently overwritten, such as rewritable optical disks or erasable storage devices.
Definitions for certain other words and phrases are provided throughout this disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.
Drawings
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers represent like parts:
fig. 1 illustrates a system of networks according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 illustrates a base station in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3A illustrates a top perspective view of a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3C shows an exploded view of a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 4A illustrates a top perspective view of an antenna panel including unit cells in a staggered arrangement according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 4B illustrates a cross-sectional view of an antenna panel including unit cells in a staggered arrangement according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 4C illustrates an exploded view of an antenna panel including unit cells in a staggered arrangement according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 5A illustrates a top perspective view of an antenna panel including a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 5B illustrates a bottom perspective view of an antenna panel including a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 illustrates a sub-array of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 illustrates a sub-array of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8A illustrates a top perspective view of a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8B shows a cross-sectional view of a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8C shows an exploded view of a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 9A illustrates a top perspective view of an antenna panel including a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 9B illustrates a cross-sectional view of an antenna panel including a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure; and
fig. 9C illustrates an exploded view of an antenna panel including a unit cell according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 through 9C, discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of the present disclosure are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in a manner that would limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system.
In order to meet the demand for wireless data services that have increased since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems. Accordingly, the 5G or pre-5G communication system is also referred to as an "ultra 4G network" or a "post-LTE system".
The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented with a higher frequency (mm wave) band and a sub-GHz band (e.g., 3.5GHz band) in order to achieve a higher data rate. In order to reduce propagation loss of radio waves and increase transmission distance, beamforming, massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beamforming, and massive antenna techniques are discussed in the 5G communication system.
In addition, in the 5G communication system, development of system network improvement is being performed based on advanced small cells, cloud Radio Access Network (RAN), ultra dense network, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul communication, mobile network, cooperative communication, coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission and reception, interference mitigation and cancellation, and the like.
Fig. 1 illustrates an example wireless network in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network shown in fig. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of
As shown in fig. 1,
gNB102 provides wireless broadband access to
Depending on the network type, the term "base station" or "BS" may refer to any component (or collection of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network (e.g., a Transmission Point (TP), a transmit-receive point (TRP), an enhanced base station (eNodeB or gNB), a 5G base station (gNB), a macrocell, a femtocell, a WiFi Access Point (AP), or other wireless-enabled device). The base station may provide wireless access in accordance with one or more wireless communication protocols (e.g., 5G third generation partnership project (3GPP) new radio interface/access (NR), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced (LTE-a), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/G/n/ac, etc.). For convenience, the terms "BS" and "TRP" are used interchangeably in this disclosure to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to a remote terminal. In addition, the term "user equipment" or "UE" may refer to any component, such as a "mobile station," "subscriber station," "remote terminal," "wireless terminal," "reception point," or "user equipment," depending on the type of network. For convenience, the terms "user equipment" and "UE" are used in this disclosure to refer to a remote wireless device that wirelessly accesses a BS, whether the UE is a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone or a smartphone) or generally considered a stationary device (e.g., a desktop computer or a vending machine).
The dashed lines represent the approximate extent of
Although fig. 1 shows one example of a wireless network, various changes may be made to fig. 1. For example, the wireless network may include any number of gnbs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement. Further, the gNB101 may communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband access to the
Fig. 2 illustrates an example gNB102 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of gNB102 shown in fig. 2 is for illustration only, and gNB101 and
As shown in fig. 2, the gNB102 includes a plurality of antennas 205a-205n, a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) transceivers 210a-210n, Transmit (TX)
The
Controller/
Controller/
The controller/
Although fig. 2 shows one example of a gNB102, various changes may be made to fig. 2. For example, the gNB102 may include any number of each of the components shown in fig. 2. As a particular example, the access point may include
According to various embodiments, the antenna comprises at least one unit cell. At least one unit cell includes: a flap layer having a plurality of flaps; a feed network located below the flap layer, the feed network including a plurality of feed lines, each feed line of the plurality of feed lines including an excitation port and a transmission line; and a patch having a quadrilateral shape, the patch being positioned over the flap layer such that an air gap exists between the patch and the flap layer.
In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises a plurality of slots located between the baffle layer and the feed network. Each transmission line extends through one of the plurality of slots and has an end point located between opposing ones of the plurality of slots.
In some embodiments, the plurality of flaps in the flap layer above the layer for the power feeding network form a cavity, the flap layer is a layer of electromagnetic material, the plurality of flaps are machined from the layer of electromagnetic material, and the plurality of flaps comprises four flaps disposed around the cavity.
In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises an antenna panel. The at least one unit cell includes a plurality of unit cells disposed adjacent to each other at an angle of about forty-five degrees with respect to each other in the antenna panel.
In some embodiments, the flap layer is formed on one side of the substrate and the feed network is formed on the other side of the substrate, and the plurality of flaps and the transmission line are formed from one or more electromagnetic materials.
In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises an antenna panel. The at least one unit cell includes a plurality of unit cells disposed adjacent to each other in the antenna panel.
In some embodiments, the patch includes a slit located at each corner of the patch.
In some embodiments, the at least one unit cell comprises two unit cells forming a sub-array, the unit cells in the sub-array sharing a common feed network.
In some embodiments, the subarrays include orthogonal polarizations having a difference of +90 degrees and-90 degrees; the difference is introduced via the common feed network.
In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises an antenna panel comprising a plurality of sub-arrays, each sub-array comprising two unit cells sharing a common feed network.
In some embodiments, the feed network is an asymmetric stripline feed network.
In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises a plurality of pins, each pin connected to the excitation port of one of the plurality of feed lines and to the asymmetric stripline feed network.
According to various embodiments, a base station includes an antenna including at least one unit cell. The at least one unit cell includes: a flap layer comprising a plurality of flaps disposed about the void; a feed network located below the flap layer, the feed network including a plurality of feed lines, each feed line of the plurality of feed lines including an excitation port and a transmission line; and a patch having a quadrilateral shape, the patch being positioned over the void in the flap layer such that an air gap exists between the patch and the flap layer. The base station includes a transceiver configured to transmit and receive signals via an antenna and a controller configured to control the transceiver to transmit and receive signals.
In some embodiments, the at least one unit cell further comprises a plurality of slots located between the baffle layer and the feed network. Each transmission line extends through one of the plurality of slots and has an end point located between opposing ones of the plurality of slots.
In some embodiments, the plurality of flaps in the flap layer above the layer for the feed network form a cavity, the flap layer is a layer of electromagnetic material, the plurality of flaps are machined from the layer of electromagnetic material, and the plurality of flaps comprises four flaps disposed around the cavity.
In some embodiments, the flap layer is formed on one side of the substrate and the feed network is formed on the other side of the substrate, and the plurality of flaps and the transmission line are formed from one or more electromagnetic materials.
In some embodiments, the patch includes a slit located at each corner of the patch.
In some embodiments, the at least one unit cell comprises two unit cells forming a sub-array, the unit cells in the sub-array sharing a common feed network.
In some embodiments, the subarrays include orthogonal polarizations having a difference of +90 degrees and-90 degrees; the difference is introduced via the common feed network.
In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises a plurality of pins, each pin connected to the excitation port of one of the plurality of feed lines and to the feed network.
Fig. 3A-3C illustrate a
The
The first layer comprising the
The first
The
When a plurality of
Feed network 330 includes a plurality of feed lines 335. Each of the plurality of
In some embodiments, the plurality of feed lines 335 may be included in a common feed network that includes the feed network 330 of the plurality of
For example, the excitation of the
The
The
In this illustrative example, the plurality of
In some embodiments,
The structure of the
Although described herein as a single unit comprising multiple layers, this description is for illustration only. In some embodiments, each layer described herein may include multiple components for
Fig. 4A-4C illustrate an antenna panel including a plurality of unit cells in a staggered arrangement according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 4A shows a top perspective view of an
The
The
The unit cells 405 may be placed adjacent to each other in the
The structure of the plurality of unit cells 405 arranged in the sub-array 410 may improve the performance of the
The common feed network 415 may include an excitation port and a transmission line that feeds two unit cells 405 in the sub-array 410. The common feed network 415 is described in more detail in the description of fig. 6 and 7 below.
As shown in fig. 4A-4C, the
In some embodiments, unit cells 405 may maintain separate polarizations, although feed networks 445 are merged into a common feed network 415 that feeds both unit cells 405 of
The staggered configuration of the unit cells 405 in the sub-array 410 has several advantages. For example, in some embodiments, the staggered configuration may improve side lobe levels (side lobe levels) and beam steering performance of beams transmitted from the
In some embodiments, the staggered configuration of unit cells 405 provides an opportunity for unit cells 405 of
In some embodiments, the unit cells 405 are not arranged in
Fig. 5A-5B illustrate an antenna panel 500 including a unit cell 505 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 5A shows a top perspective view of an antenna panel 500 including a unit cell 505. Fig. 5B shows a bottom perspective view of the antenna panel 500 including the unit cell 505. In some embodiments, each unit cell 505 may be one of the
The antenna panel 500 includes a plurality of unit cells 505. For example, as shown in fig. 5A, the antenna panel 500 may include eight unit cells 505. In some embodiments, the antenna panel 500 may include more or less than eight unit cells 505. Antenna panel 500 may be included in an antenna, such as any of antennas 205a-205 n. The antenna panel 500 may include multiple layers as described in fig. 3A-3C. In particular, similar to fig. 4A, fig. 5A illustrates a plurality of layers of which the components of the lower layer are shown in dotted lines for easy understanding of the overall structure of the antenna panel 500. For example, the antenna panel 500 may include a first layer 520, a second layer 530, and a third layer 540. The first layer 520 may have the same structure as the
The unit cells 505 may be placed adjacent to each other in the antenna panel 500. In some embodiments, the unit cells 505 may be arranged in four sub-arrays 510. Each sub-array 510 includes two unit cells 505. Two unit cells 505 included in the sub-array 510 may be arranged side by side in a 1 × 2 arrangement. Two unit cells 505 in sub-array 510 may include a common feed network 515. The common feed network 515 may include a feed network 550 per unit cell 505.
Each feed network 550 may comprise the same structure as feed network 330. For example, each feed network 550 includes a transmission line 555 and an excitation port 560.
The common feed network 515 includes an excitation port and a transmission line that feeds two unit cells 505 in the sub-array 510. The common feed network 515 is described in more detail in the description of fig. 6 and 7 below.
The antenna panel 500 may include eight unit cells 505 arranged in a side-by-side configuration. For example, the unit cells 505 are disposed in the antenna panel 500 in a 2 × 4 arrangement side by side with each other. Although the unit cells 505 are shown in a 2 × 4 arrangement, this arrangement is for illustration only. Other embodiments are possible. For example, the antenna panel 500 may include sixteen unit cells 505 arranged in a 4 × 4 arrangement. In other embodiments, any number of unit cells 405 in any arrangement may be used as appropriate.
In some embodiments, the structure of the plurality of unit cells 505 arranged in the sub-array 510 may improve the performance of the antenna panel 500. Arranging the unit cells 505 through the sub-arrays 510 in this arrangement results in a more efficient common feed network 515, which common feed network 515 allows the antenna panel 500 to achieve overall improved radiation performance over the desired frequency band and modest gain characteristics. In some embodiments, the arrangement of sub-arrays 510 in antenna panel 500 may result in a gain equal to or greater than 6dB and provide broadband radiation in the 3.2-3.9GHz range.
In some embodiments, the unit cells 505 may maintain separate polarizations, although the feed networks are merged into a common feed network 515 that feeds both unit cells 505 of the sub-array 510. For example, the common feed network 515 may support a staggered arrangement of unit cells 505, resulting in a polarization difference between two unit cells 505. In some embodiments, the subarray includes polarization differences of +45 degrees and-45 degrees. The polarization difference is introduced to each unit cell 505 through the common feed network 515. By feeding and maintaining separate polarizations to the feed network 550 of each of the two unit cells 505 of the sub-array 510, the associated RF circuits can provide a single differential feed of active polarization through the common feed network 515. In various embodiments, each sub-array 510 may incorporate any suitable feed network, such as a series feed network, a corporate feed network, or a stripline feed network. The common feed network 515 is used to optimize the beam steering capabilities of the beams produced by the antenna panel 500. For example, in some embodiments, the antenna panel 500 may use the sub-arrays 510 to achieve a measured input impedance bandwidth of approximately 700 MHz.
As shown in fig. 5B, in some embodiments, the feed network 550 may be deposited on one side of the third layer 540 and the slots 565 may be present on the opposite side of the third layer 540.
Fig. 6 shows a sub-array 610 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The sub-array 610 includes two unit cells 605 included in the
The sub-array 610 includes two unit cells 605 arranged in an
The
The transmission line 634 is connected to each unit cell 605 in the same configuration. For example, as shown in fig. 6,
Each unit cell 605 includes a plurality of
In various embodiments, the sub-array 610 arrangement may be used in the
Fig. 7 shows a sub-array 710 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The sub-array 710 includes two unit cells 705 arranged in an
The sub-array 710 includes two unit cells 705 arranged in an
In these embodiments, shared
The
The
Each unit cell 705 includes a plurality of
In various embodiments, the sub-array 710 arrangement may be used in the
Fig. 8A-8C illustrate a unit cell 800 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 8A shows a top perspective view of the unit cell 800. Fig. 8B shows a cross-sectional view of the unit cell 800. Fig. 8C shows an exploded view of the unit cell 800. Although fig. 8A-8C illustrate one example of the unit cell 800, various changes may be made to fig. 8A-8C. The various components in fig. 8A-8C may be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components may be added according to particular needs.
The unit cell 800 may include three layers. The unit cell 800 includes a first layer with a top
The unit cell 800 may be disposed in an antenna panel included in any one of the antennas 205a-205 n. The bottom
The top
The unit cell 800 may be used in a characteristic pattern based antenna design (CMA). In some embodiments, the unit cell 800 may be used in an antenna that benefits the concept of CMA, which utilizes stacked or multiple antennas to improve the radiation gain of the antenna. For example, the antenna may be a Yagi-Uda antenna (Yagi-Uda antenna). The use of stacked or multiple antennas may increase the bandwidth of the antenna. Various embodiments of the present disclosure combine the use of a CMA and multiple resonator antennas to increase bandwidth while achieving high gain.
Fig. 9A-9C illustrate an
The
The
The unit cells 905 may be disposed in any suitable arrangement in the
In some embodiments, the unit cells 905 may be arranged in a sub-array 910. The sub-array 910 may include two unit cells 905. In some embodiments, sub-array 910 may include a common feed network 915, which common feed network 915 allows
In some embodiments,
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 9A-9C, the
In some embodiments, the gradual development of the phase of the electromagnetic waves is a result of the development of the phase shift in the feed network of the antenna panel. For example, the beam can be steered by controlling the cross polarization of the feed network using RF current received through the excitation port.
Although the present disclosure has described the antenna mounted in the base station as an example, this is for convenience of description, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Antennas according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be equipped with a user equipment, a TRP, a Remote Radio Head (RRH), a Digital Unit (DU), an Access Unit (AU), or any device that performs multi-antenna communication.
Any description in this application should not be construed as implying that any particular element, step, or function is an essential element that must be included in the claim scope.
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