阅读说明：本技术 列车轨道感应电压的地面测试装置及其测试方法 (Ground test device and method for train track induced voltage ) 是由 杨天矾 支永健 刘松林 何维 钟海会 张宾 闵建军 高子凡 于 2021-07-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种列车轨道感应电压的地面测试装置及其测试方法。具体地,地面测试装置包括轨道模拟件；轮轴模拟件；并且,两根所述轮轴模拟件与平行设置的两根轨道模拟件构成状态可调的回路；牵引系统,设置于轨道模拟件上,并且被配置为输出与预设的列车运行模式相匹配的电器特征；测试线缆；以及分析仪,所述分析仪连接所述测试线缆,且被配置为获取预设的列车运行模式下的感应电压。通过搭建列车轨道感应电压的地面测试装置,能够在地面静态测试列车动态运行过程中在钢轨两侧产生瞬态感应电压从而干扰轨道电路的过程,确定列车动态运行过程中的最恶劣工况,便于有针对性的对整车实际动态轨道感应电压的抑制以及测试提供解决方案。(The invention provides a ground test device and a ground test method for train track induced voltage. Specifically, the ground test device comprises a track simulation piece; an axle simulator; the two wheel axle simulation pieces and the two rail simulation pieces which are arranged in parallel form a loop with adjustable state; the traction system is arranged on the track simulation piece and is configured to output electric characteristics matched with a preset train operation mode; testing the cable; and the analyzer is connected with the test cable and is configured to acquire the induced voltage in a preset train running mode. By building the ground test device for the train track induced voltage, the process that transient induced voltage is generated on two sides of a steel rail to interfere a track circuit in the dynamic running process of a ground static test train can be achieved, the worst working condition in the dynamic running process of the train is determined, and a solution is provided for suppressing and testing the actual dynamic track induced voltage of the whole train in a targeted manner.)

1. The utility model provides a train track induced voltage's ground testing arrangement which characterized in that, ground testing arrangement specifically includes:

a track simulator having an impedance matched to an impedance of a train track;

an axle simulator having an impedance matched to an impedance of a train axle; the two wheel axle simulation pieces and the two rail simulation pieces which are arranged in parallel form a loop with adjustable state;

the traction system is arranged on the track simulation piece and is configured to output electric characteristics matched with a preset train operation mode;

the test cable comprises a first cable and a second cable, and the first cable and the second cable are respectively overlapped with the two track simulation pieces at a preset test point; and

the analyzer is connected with the test cable and is configured to acquire the induced voltage in a preset train operation mode.

2. The ground test device of claim 1, wherein the number of the preset test points is multiple and is arranged along the extending direction of the track simulator; and the distance between the adjacent preset test points is 0.1-0.5 m.

3. The ground testing device of claim 1, wherein the traction system includes a test motor and a counter-traction motor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the counter-dragging motor is configured to output a counter acting force to counteract the acting force output by the test motor.

4. The ground testing device of claim 1, wherein the traction system further comprises a traction inverter, a reactor box, a high voltage box, and a brake resistor box; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

and the layout and wiring of the traction inverter, the reactor box, the high-voltage box and the brake resistance box simulate the real train layout.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lap impedance simulator; the impedance of the lap joint impedance simulator is matched with the lap joint impedance of the train track and the train axle.

6. The surface testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a circuit tuning simulator; the impedance of the circuit tuning analog piece is matched with the impedance of the track circuit tuning unit.

7. The method for testing a floor test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,

testing background noise;

under the condition that the traction system is powered on, controlling the traction system to be in a preset train running mode, and respectively testing the track induction voltage of a preset test point in an open circuit state and a short circuit state;

wherein the open circuit state corresponds to a circuit break formed by the track simulator and the axle simulator; the short circuit condition corresponds to a closed circuit formed by the track simulator and the axle simulator.

8. The test mode of claim 7, wherein the predetermined test points comprise a plurality of test points arranged along the extending direction of the track simulator;

the step of respectively testing the track induction voltage of the preset test point in the open circuit state and the short circuit state comprises the following steps:

testing the track induction voltage of each preset test point; and the track induced voltage of the preset test points is configured to simulate the dynamic process of the train passing through the upper part of the track circuit to generate the induced voltage.

9. The test mode of claim 7, wherein the preset train operation modes include a traction acceleration mode, a resistive braking mode, and a regenerative braking mode;

the test method further comprises the following steps:

determining the worst condition of the train track induction voltage according to the test result of each preset train running mode;

comparing the preset rail induction voltage standard with the rail induction voltage corresponding to the worst working condition of the train rail induction voltage;

and responding to the condition that the rail induction voltage corresponding to the worst working condition does not meet the preset rail induction voltage standard, and setting the worst working condition as the adjustment working condition.

10. The test mode of claim 7, wherein the step of testing for background noise comprises:

testing environmental noise under the condition that the traction system is not electrified;

and under the condition that the traction system is powered on, testing the self-coupled interference of the test cable.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a ground test device and a ground test method for train rail induced voltage.

Background

When an electrified train passes above a track circuit in the running process, an external magnetic field generated by a high-voltage high-power component at the bottom of the train (comprising a traction converter, a motor, a brake resistor, a reactor, a high-power cable and the like) is emitted to pass through a closed loop formed by a vehicle axle, a steel rail and the track circuit to form leakage magnetic flux, as shown in figure 1. Leakage magnetic flux can produce the induced voltage of transient state on the rail both sides, and in the operating frequency channel of induced voltage stack at track circuit, will cause the interference to track circuit's normal work, bring the potential safety hazard for the even running of train.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a ground testing apparatus for train track induced voltage and a testing method thereof.

Based on the above purpose, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a ground test device for train track induced voltage, which specifically includes:

a track simulator having an impedance matched to an impedance of a train track;

an axle simulator having an impedance matched to an impedance of a train axle; the two wheel axle simulation pieces and the two rail simulation pieces which are arranged in parallel form a loop with adjustable state;

the traction system is arranged on the track simulation piece and is configured to output electric characteristics matched with a preset train operation mode;

the test cable comprises a first cable and a second cable, and the first cable and the second cable are respectively overlapped with the two track simulation pieces at a preset test point; and

the analyzer is connected with the test cable and is configured to acquire the induced voltage in a preset train operation mode.

Furthermore, the number of the preset test points is multiple and the preset test points are arranged along the extending direction of the track simulation piece; and the distance between the adjacent preset test points is 0.1-0.5 m.

Further, the traction system comprises a test motor and a counter-traction motor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the counter-dragging motor is configured to output a counter acting force to counteract the acting force output by the test motor.

Further, the traction system also comprises a traction inverter, a reactor box, a high-voltage box and a brake resistance box; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

and the layout and wiring of the traction inverter, the reactor box, the high-voltage box and the brake resistance box simulate the real train layout.

Further, the ground testing device also comprises a lap joint impedance simulation piece; the impedance of the lap joint impedance simulator is matched with the lap joint impedance of the train track and the train axle.

Further, the ground test device also comprises a circuit tuning simulation piece; the impedance of the circuit tuning analog piece is matched with the impedance of the track circuit tuning unit.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a testing method for the ground testing apparatus, including:

testing background noise;

under the condition that the traction system is powered on, controlling the traction system to be in a preset train running mode, and respectively testing the track induction voltage of a preset test point in an open circuit state and a short circuit state;

wherein the open circuit state corresponds to a circuit break formed by the track simulator and the axle simulator; the short circuit condition corresponds to a closed circuit formed by the track simulator and the axle simulator.

Furthermore, the preset test points comprise a plurality of test points which are arranged along the extending direction of the track simulation piece;

the step of respectively testing the track induction voltage of the preset test point in the open circuit state and the short circuit state comprises the following steps:

testing the track induction voltage of each preset test point; and the track induced voltage of the preset test points is configured to simulate the dynamic process of the train passing through the upper part of the track circuit to generate the induced voltage.

Further, the preset train operation modes comprise a traction acceleration mode, a resistance braking mode and a regenerative braking mode;

the test method further comprises the following steps:

determining the worst condition of the train track induction voltage according to the test result of each preset train running mode;

comparing the preset rail induction voltage standard with the rail induction voltage corresponding to the worst working condition of the train rail induction voltage;

and responding to the condition that the rail induction voltage corresponding to the worst working condition does not meet the preset rail induction voltage standard, and setting the worst working condition as the adjustment working condition.

Further, the step of testing background noise comprises:

testing environmental noise under the condition that the traction system is not electrified;

and under the condition that the traction system is powered on, testing the self-coupled interference of the test cable.

As can be seen from the above, the ground test device and the test method for train track induced voltage provided by the embodiment of the invention can generate transient induced voltage on two sides of a steel rail during the dynamic running process of a ground static test train to interfere with the track circuit by building the ground test device for train track induced voltage, determine the worst working condition during the dynamic running process of the train, and provide a solution for suppressing and testing the actual dynamic track induced voltage of the whole train in a targeted manner.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the related art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the interference induced to a track circuit during operation of a train in the related art;

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the rail induced voltage generated by the operation of the train of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ground test device for train track induced voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a layout of a traction system in a ground testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side view of a layout of a traction system in a ground test apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7A to 7C are frequency spectrums of track induced voltages under different operation modes tested by the bottom surface testing device according to the embodiment of the present invention; wherein, fig. 7A corresponds to the worst track induced voltage frequency spectrum in the traction acceleration mode; FIG. 7B corresponds to the worst track induced voltage spectrum for resistive braking mode; FIG. 7C corresponds to the worst track induced voltage spectrum for regenerative braking mode;

fig. 8 shows a defined map of the induced voltage of an audio segment of a line track circuit.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

It should be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should have the ordinary meanings as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.

Usually, the leakage flux generates a transient induced voltage on both sides of the rail. Fig. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of induced voltage generation. Wherein, V_RTuning the unit induced voltage, phi, for disturbing the track circuit₁And phi₂Induced voltages Z respectively generated by leakage flux of train in two closed loops₁、Z₂The sum of the joint impedance of the train axle and the steel rail and the impedance of the steel rail per se, V_ocIs an equivalent voltage. When the induced voltage is superposed in the working frequency band of the track circuit, the normal work of the track circuit is interfered, and potential safety hazards are brought to the stable running of the train. In the prior art, a mode of increasing a resistance-capacitance absorption device is generally adopted to suppress induced voltage generated by a rail transit contact system. However, it is difficult to accurately suppress the induced voltage generated by the rail transit catenary due to lack of accurate prediction of the induced voltage generated by the rail transit catenary.

In view of the above, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for accurately testing rail induced voltage on the ground before train delivery, where the device simulates actual layout and wiring of a finished train according to a ratio of 1:1, builds a combined system of a train traction system-rail circuit, and finally generates transient induced voltage on two sides of a rail during a process of truly reducing train dynamic operation through ground static test so as to interfere with the rail circuit, so as to provide a solution for actual dynamic rail induced voltage test and suppression of the finished train.

Referring to fig. 3, the ground testing apparatus of the present invention includes:

the track simulator 11 is characterized in that the impedance of the track simulator 11 is matched with the impedance of a train track;

the axle simulator 12, the impedance of the axle simulator 12 matches the impedance of the train axle; moreover, the two wheel axle simulation pieces 12 and the two rail simulation pieces 11 arranged in parallel form a loop with adjustable state;

a traction system 13 disposed on the track simulator 11 and configured to output an electrical characteristic matching a preset train operation mode;

the test cable 14 comprises a first cable and a second cable, and the first cable and the second cable are respectively lapped with the two track simulation pieces 11 at a preset test point 16; and

an analyzer 15, wherein the analyzer 15 is connected to the test cable 14 and configured to obtain the induced voltage in a preset train operation mode.

Here, the rail simulator 11 and the axle simulator 12 may be aluminum pipes. And selecting an aluminum pipe matched with the outer diameter and the wall thickness according to the train track to be simulated and the impedance of a train axle.

Here, the state-adjustable circuit includes a connection state and a disconnection state. The connection state means that the two wheel axle simulation pieces 12 and the two parallel track simulation pieces 11 form a closed loop, and at the moment, a short circuit test can be performed to simulate that a train passes above a track circuit, and the track circuit is positioned in the closed loop formed by a steel rail and a wheel axle; in the off state, there is an open circuit between the two axle simulators 12 and the two parallel rail simulators 11, and at this time, an open circuit test can be performed to simulate the axle crossing the rail insulation joint of the train, and the rail circuit is located between the two axles.

Optionally, the first cable and the second cable employ twisted pair cables. By the twisted pair form, the coupling of the cable loop to the spatial magnetic field can be reduced.

Optionally, the first cable and the second cable are fastened and overlapped by the rail clip and the rail simulator 11, respectively.

Optionally, the analyzer 15 employs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) audio analyzer. It should be noted that the test frequency is defined according to the operating frequency band of the track circuit, for example, between several tens of Hz and several tens of kHz. Optionally, the test accuracy of the analyzer 15 reaches the uV level.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the number of the predetermined test points 16 is plural and is arranged along the extending direction of the track simulator 11, and the dots labeled 0, 1, 2, and 3 … … n in the drawing represent the predetermined test points 16.

It should be noted that, in the test process, under the condition that the traction system 13, the track simulator 11 and the axle simulator 12 are relatively static, different preset test points 16 are lapped by the test cable 14 to simulate the train to run to different positions on the track, so as to simulate the dynamic process of the train passing over the track circuit under the static condition.

Therefore, the ground testing device provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for testing the process that transient induced voltages are generated on two sides of a steel rail in the dynamic running process of a train through the ground static state before the train leaves a factory so as to interfere with a track circuit, determining the worst working condition in the dynamic running process of the train, providing a solution for inhibiting and testing the actual dynamic track induced voltage of the whole train in a targeted manner, and reducing the time and steps for testing, adjusting and maintaining the train after leaving the factory.

It should be noted that the ground test apparatus disclosed in the present invention is provided with a power supply system, which simulates a power supply system of a track.

Optionally, the distance between adjacent predetermined test points 16 is 0.1-0.5 m, such as 0.1m, 0.2m, 0.25m, 0.3m, 0.4m, or 0.5 m. It is understood that the distance between adjacent predetermined test point 16 pieces is flexibly selected based on the length of the track and other factors, and is not particularly limited herein.

In some embodiments, traction system 13 includes a test motor and a counter-traction motor (not shown); wherein the counter-dragging motor is configured to output a counter acting force to counteract the acting force output by the test motor. The test motor is the same as a motor mounted on a train and is a test target. The arrangement of the counter-dragging motor can ensure that the traction system 13 is electrified, and the position of the traction system does not move after the motor is tested to output acting force, so that the ground static test is realized.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the traction system 13 further includes a traction inverter 131, a reactor box 132, a high voltage box 133, and a brake resistor box 134; wherein the layout and wiring of the traction inverter 131, the reactor box 132, the high voltage box 133 and the brake resistor box 134 simulate the real train layout. Through the layout and the wiring, the electrical equipment of the train can be truly simulated, and the ground test result is facilitated to accurately reflect the induction voltage data of the real train running condition.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the ground test apparatus further includes a lap impedance simulator R_A(ii) a Lap joint impedance simulation member R_AThe impedance of the transformer is matched with the lapping impedance of the train track and the train axle, for example, 0.1-0.2 omega.

Note that the lap resistance controlling dummy R_AThe short circuit test and the open circuit test can also be realized according to the connection and disconnection states, and the description is omitted here.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the ground test apparatus further includes a circuit tuning simulator R_B(ii) a Impedance R of circuit tuning analog component_BImpedance matching with the track circuit tuning unit.

Optionally, a circuit tuning analog R_BThe track circuit tuning unit may be a real use one.

Optionally, a circuit tuning analog R_BThe impedance of (A) is 0 to 2 Ω, for example, 1 Ω or 1.5 Ω.

It should be noted that the track induced voltage corresponds to the circuit tuning analog R_BThe voltage across. Therefore, the ground test device can omit the circuit tuning simulation piece R_BAnd directly measuring the open-circuit voltage.

In the present invention, the impedance matching between the analog component and the train, the track, etc. means that the impedances are the same or substantially the same.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a testing method based on any one of the foregoing ground testing apparatuses. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the test method includes:

step 101: the background noise was tested.

In some embodiments, the step of testing the background noise specifically includes:

testing environmental noise under the condition that the traction system is not electrified; here, for the plurality of preset test points, only 2-3 of the preset test points can be selected for testing.

And under the condition that the traction system is powered on, testing the self-coupled interference of the test cable.

Optionally, the test cable is separated from the track simulation piece, and the test cable is short-circuited, so that the test of the interference of the self coupling of the test cable can be realized. Here, 2-3 of the preset test points can be selected for testing.

Here, the background noise affects the test result, and therefore, the measurement of the background noise is beneficial to ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test result.

Step 102: under the condition that background noise meets a preset requirement, a traction system is powered on, the traction system is controlled to be in a preset train running mode, and track induction voltages of preset test points are respectively tested in an open circuit state and a short circuit state; wherein the open circuit state corresponds to a circuit break formed by the track simulator and the axle simulator; the short circuit condition corresponds to a closed circuit formed by the track simulator and the axle simulator.

It should be noted that, if the background noise does not meet the preset requirement, the background noise may be reduced by reducing the environmental noise and adjusting the test cable, which is not limited herein.

By the mode, the induction voltage can be tested in the preset train running mode, and a basis is provided for the subsequent targeted reduction of the induction voltage.

Optionally, before the background noise test, the analyzer is calibrated and set to the maximum hold mode, the analysis band is set based on the operating band of the track circuit, and the frequency resolution is typically a few Hz.

In some embodiments, the preset test point comprises a plurality of test points arranged along the extending direction of the track simulator;

the step of respectively testing the track induction voltage of the preset test point in the open circuit state and the short circuit state comprises the following steps:

testing the track induction voltage of each preset test point; and the track induced voltage of the preset test points is configured to simulate the dynamic process of the train passing through the upper part of the track circuit to generate the induced voltage.

Through the mode, transient induction voltages are generated on two sides of the steel rail in the dynamic running process of the ground static test train before the train leaves a factory, and compared with the test in the running process of the train, the method has the advantages of saving the field, being convenient to operate, saving the cost and the like.

In some embodiments, the predetermined train operating modes include a traction acceleration mode, a resistive braking mode, and a regenerative braking mode.

Exemplary, traction acceleration mode — open circuit (R) at rated voltage, full torque, maximum speed, respectively_AOpen) and short circuit (R)_AConnected) test, the test points include all preset test points. The test results can be seen in fig. 7A.

Exemplary, resistive braking mode — open circuit (R) at rated voltage, full torque, maximum speed, respectively_AOpen) and short circuit (R)_AConnected) test, the test points include all preset test points. The test results can be seen in fig. 7B.

Exemplary, regenerative braking mode — open Circuit (R) at rated Voltage, full Torque, maximum speed, respectively_AOpen) and short circuit (R)_AConnected) test, the test points include all preset test points. The test results can be seen in fig. 7C.

The test method further comprises the following steps:

step 201: and determining the worst condition of the train track induction voltage according to the test result of each preset train running mode.

As an optional embodiment, determining the mode harsh working condition of the track induced voltage under each train operation mode, including a specific test point position, an open circuit or a short circuit;

and comparing the induction voltages corresponding to the severe working conditions of all modes, and selecting the most severe corresponding working condition as the most severe working condition of the train track induction voltage.

As an alternative embodiment, all test results of a plurality of preset train operation modes are compared, and the condition corresponding to the worst induction voltage is selected to be determined as the worst train track induction voltage condition. Here, the comparison parameter of the induced voltage includes, but is not limited to, the magnitude of the voltage.

Optionally, after the worst condition of the train track induced voltage is determined, the rated voltage is reduced to 80% and 60%, and the test is performed again under the worst condition. The parameters of the worst working condition comprise an operation mode, a test point position, an open circuit or a short circuit. Here, by reducing the rated voltage, a case of a steep voltage drop can be simulated.

Step 202: comparing a preset rail induction voltage standard (please refer to fig. 8) with a rail induction voltage corresponding to the worst working condition of the train rail induction voltage;

step 203: and responding to the condition that the rail induction voltage corresponding to the worst working condition does not meet the preset rail induction voltage standard, and setting the worst working condition as the adjustment working condition.

Here, the parameters of the worst-case operation include an operation mode, a voltage, a torque, a speed, an open/short circuit, etc., and are not particularly limited herein.

The subsequent suppression measures of the induced voltage are performed according to the adjustment condition, so that a suppression scheme of the track induced voltage is formed in an early stage, and the condition that the vehicle can meet the electromagnetic compatibility with a track circuit after being on line is ensured.

To sum up, the embodiment of the invention provides a first combined test device for a traction system, namely a steel rail-track circuit, which is constructed by simulating the actual layout and wiring of a train on the ground according to the proportion of 1:1 in the field of rail transit. The process that transient induced voltages are generated on two sides of a steel rail in the dynamic running process of a train to interfere a track circuit is truly restored through ground static tests, and a test device and a method for pre-evaluating the track induced voltages can be provided before the train leaves a factory, so that a suppression scheme for the track induced voltages is formed in the early stage, and the condition that the electromagnetic compatibility with the track circuit can be met after a vehicle is on line is ensured.

It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the invention. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments described above and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to those examples; within the idea of the invention, also technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

The present embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.