阅读说明：本技术 一种复合微生物有机肥的制备方法及其制品 (Preparation method of composite microbial organic fertilizer and product thereof ) 是由 黎小彤 于 2020-06-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种复合微生物有机肥的制备方法,包括以下步骤：a.混合粪肥、辅料、菌种,将混合后的物料投入发酵罐,发酵5～15天；b.向步骤a中得到的发酵后的物料喷洒复合益生菌,堆放陈化；c.将步骤b中陈化后的物料破碎筛选,再次喷洒复合益生菌,称重包装,得到复合微生物有机肥。该方法利用中药渣、烟丝下脚料等辅料与动物粪便共同进行好氧、厌氧双重发酵,相比于传统堆肥,发酵时间明显缩短,发酵更完全,可持续按比例进料和出料,实现连续化生产,且不受外界条件影响,对环境无污染,对原料的含水率要求低产品品质稳定,含有极高的有效活菌数,更利于农作物生长,以及农作物防虫防病。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a compound microbial organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: a. mixing manure, auxiliary materials and strains, putting the mixed materials into a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 5-15 days; b. spraying composite probiotics to the fermented material obtained in the step a, and stacking and aging; c. and c, crushing and screening the aged material in the step b, spraying the composite probiotics again, weighing and packaging to obtain the composite microbial organic fertilizer. The method utilizes auxiliary materials such as traditional Chinese medicine residues, tobacco shred leftovers and the like and animal manure to carry out aerobic and anaerobic dual fermentation together, compared with the traditional composting, the fermentation time is obviously shortened, the fermentation is more complete, the feeding and discharging in proportion can be continuously carried out, the continuous production is realized, the method is not influenced by external conditions, the method has no pollution to the environment, the requirement on the water content of raw materials is low, the product quality is stable, the method contains extremely high effective viable count, and the method is more beneficial to the growth of crops and prevents insects and diseases of the crops.)

1. The preparation method of the compound microbial organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

a. mixing manure, auxiliary materials and strains, putting the mixed materials into a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 5-15 days;

b. spraying composite probiotics to the fermented material obtained in the step a, and stacking and aging;

c. and c, crushing and screening the aged material in the step b, spraying the composite probiotics again, weighing and packaging to obtain the composite microbial organic fertilizer.

2. The preparation method of the compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manure is one or more of horse manure, cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure and duck manure.

3. The preparation method of the compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the moisture content of the manure is 80-85 wt%.

4. The preparation method of the compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of traditional Chinese medicine residues, tobacco shred leftovers, straws, rice chaff, bagasse and corncobs.

5. The method for preparing the compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strain is selected from one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bifidobacterium.

6. The preparation method of the compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the weight ratio of the manure, the auxiliary materials and the strains is (1500-2000): (500-1000): 3.

7. the preparation method of the compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the fermented material is 40-45 wt%.

8. The method for preparing the compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the aged material is not higher than 30 wt%.

9. The preparation method of the compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the compound probiotics in the step b is 0.1-0.5 wt% of the manure.

10. The compound microbial organic fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a compound microbial organic fertilizer and a product thereof.

Background

The organic fertilizer is prepared by processing biological substances, animal and plant wastes and plant residues, eliminates toxic and harmful substances in the organic fertilizer, and is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, including: the organic acid fertilizer has the advantages that various organic acids and peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, the fertilizer efficiency is long, soil organic matters can be increased and updated, the microbial propagation is promoted, the physical and chemical properties and the biological activity of soil are improved, and the organic acid fertilizer is a main nutrient for green food production.

The traditional organic fertilizer preparation process mostly adopts a composting mode, raw materials are decomposed by anaerobic fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer, however, the fermentation time of the organic fertilizer is as long as one month, and during the period, the compost occupies a large amount of space, has unpleasant smell, is easy to breed a large amount of mosquitoes, flies and the like, causes serious pollution to the surrounding environment and also influences the living environment of people; when in composting, high temperature is needed to kill harmful microorganisms in the excrement of the livestock and poultry, so that the microorganisms are prevented from damaging crops, but the fermentation is incomplete due to the influence of external conditions such as temperature, sunlight, humidity and the like in the decomposition process; methane generated in the fermentation process belongs to flammable and explosive gas, and certain danger exists; in addition, beneficial microorganisms can be killed in a large amount in the decomposing process, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial organic fertilizer is difficult to be fully exerted.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a compound microbial organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

a. mixing manure, auxiliary materials and strains, putting the mixed materials into a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 5-15 days;

b. spraying composite probiotics to the fermented material obtained in the step a, and stacking and aging;

c. and c, crushing and screening the aged material in the step b, spraying the composite probiotics again, weighing and packaging to obtain the composite microbial organic fertilizer.

As a preferable technical scheme, the manure is selected from one or a mixture of a plurality of horse manure, cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure and duck manure.

As a preferable technical scheme, the moisture content of the manure is 80-85 wt%.

As a preferred technical scheme, the auxiliary materials are selected from one or a mixture of more of traditional Chinese medicine residues, tobacco shred leftovers, straws, rice chaff, bagasse and corncobs.

As a preferred technical scheme, the strain is selected from one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bifidobacterium.

As a preferred technical scheme, the weight ratio of the manure, the auxiliary materials and the strains is (1500-2000): (500-1000): 3.

as a preferable technical scheme, the water content of the fermented material is 40-45 wt%.

As a preferable technical scheme, the water content of the aged material is not higher than 30 wt%.

As a preferable technical scheme, the using amount of the composite probiotics in the step b is 0.1-0.5 wt% of the manure.

The invention provides a compound microbial organic fertilizer, which is prepared by the preparation method.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides a preparation method of a compound microbial organic fertilizer, which utilizes auxiliary materials such as traditional Chinese medicine residues, tobacco shred leftovers and the like to carry out aerobic and anaerobic dual fermentation together with animal manure, compared with the traditional composting, the fermentation time is obviously shortened, the fermentation is more complete, the feeding and discharging in proportion can be continued, the continuous production is realized, the influence of external conditions is avoided, the environment is not polluted, the requirement on the moisture content of raw materials is low, the product quality is stable, the compound microbial organic fertilizer contains extremely high effective viable count, the compound microbial organic fertilizer is more beneficial to the growth of crops, and the insect prevention and disease prevention of the crops are realized.

Detailed Description

The disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

The term "prepared from …" as used herein is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

The conjunction "consisting of …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.

When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted to include the ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.

The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. "optional" or "any" means that the subsequently described event or events may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not.

Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, is intended to modify a quantity, such that the invention is not limited to the specific quantity, but includes portions that are literally received for modification without substantial change in the basic function to which the invention is related. Accordingly, the use of "about" to modify a numerical value means that the invention is not limited to the precise value. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. In the present description and claims, range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged, including all sub-ranges contained therein if not otherwise stated.

In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the invention are not intended to limit the number requirement (i.e., the number of occurrences) of the element or component. Thus, "a" or "an" should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular form of an element or component also includes the plural unless the stated number clearly indicates that the singular form is intended.

The present invention is illustrated by the following specific embodiments, but is not limited to the specific examples given below.

In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a compound microbial organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

a. mixing manure, auxiliary materials and strains, putting the mixed materials into a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 5-15 days;

b. spraying composite probiotics to the fermented material obtained in the step a, and stacking and aging;

c. and c, crushing and screening the aged material in the step b, spraying the composite probiotics again, weighing and packaging to obtain the composite microbial organic fertilizer.

In some preferred embodiments, the manure is selected from a mixture of one or more of horse manure, cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure; further preferably, the manure is selected from one or more of horse manure, cow manure and sheep manure; further, the manure is horse manure and/or sheep manure.

The horse or sheep manure in the present application is preferably fresh horse or sheep manure.

In some preferred embodiments, the auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of herb residue, cut tobacco leftovers, straw, rice chaff, bagasse and corncob; further preferably, the auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of traditional Chinese medicine residues, tobacco shred leftovers, straws and rice chaff.

The term "herb residue" herein refers to the waste herb after decoction.

The term "tobacco shred leftovers" herein refers to the leftover leaves, axillary buds, tobacco stems and the like except fresh tobacco leaves in the tobacco harvesting process, and in the processes of tobacco leaf production, airing, redrying and cigarette production, low-grade or off-grade tobacco leaves which cannot be subjected to cigarette processing, a large amount of upper tobacco leaves, waste tobacco powder, waste tobacco shreds, fireworks, tobacco ear stems and the like, and fragments and smoke dust generated in the tobacco processing, and tobacco stems which account for 23-25% of the weight of the tobacco leaves are separated, and the tobacco stems are collectively referred to as tobacco shred leftovers.

The term "straw" is used herein to refer to the stem and leaf (ear) parts of mature crops, and includes, but is not limited to, straw from wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, cotton, sugar cane and other crops.

The term "rice chaff" as used herein refers to a part from which rice husks and clean rice are removed in a rice manufacturing process from rice, and the main substances are rice husks, rice husk scraps and a small amount of rice flour.

The inventor finds in long-term research that the traditional Chinese medicine residues, tobacco shred leftovers, straws and rice chaff are used as auxiliary materials, the water content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic fertilizer can be adjusted, and abundant nutrient substances are provided for plant growth, but the auxiliary materials are plant wastes and are difficult to be quickly degraded into nutrition which can be directly utilized by crops in the fermentation process, so that the fermentation efficiency is low, the fermentation is incomplete, the utilization rate of the auxiliary materials is poor, particularly the auxiliary materials such as the traditional Chinese medicine residues and tobacco stems have extremely high lignin content and are difficult to rot, but the inventor unexpectedly finds that when the excrement of herbivorous animals is used as a main raw material, the fermentation time of the organic fertilizer can be obviously shortened, the soil fertility is greatly increased, and the reason is that the flora in the excrement of the animals can be distinguished due to different dietary structures, and the excrement of the herbivorous animals contains more fiber decomposing bacteria, the decomposition of plant class discarded object is helped, the inventor finds in further research simultaneously, compare in cow dung, the effect of horse dung and sheep dung and the common fermentation of auxiliary material is better, its reason lies in, the daily average drinking water volume of ox is higher than horse, sheep, leads to the water content in the cow dung to be higher, and the air permeability is poor, and in fermentation process, organic matter's decomposition rate is low, and fermentation temperature is difficult to guarantee, has consequently prolonged the fermentation time, makes the manufacturing cost of fertilizer increase.

In some preferred embodiments, the auxiliary materials are a mixture of traditional Chinese medicine residues, tobacco shred leftovers, straws and rice chaff, and the weight ratio is 10: (0.5-4): (0.1-3): (0.1-4); preferably, the auxiliary materials are a mixture of traditional Chinese medicine residues, tobacco shred leftovers, straws and rice chaff, and the weight ratio is 10: (1-2): (0.5-1): (0.5-2).

The inventor finds in a large number of practices that when specific auxiliary materials are added into an organic fertilizer in a specific proportion, balance of improving soil fertility and improving fermentation efficiency can be achieved, mixed materials can be directly put into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and the manure is not required to be dehydrated in advance.

The manure, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the tobacco shred leftovers, the straws and the rice chaff in the application can be obtained commercially, for example, the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be obtained from Lihengjia health industry Limited company in Suzhou city, and the tobacco shred leftovers can be obtained from Liuhe Dongdang tobacco shred screening factory in Taicang city.

In some preferred embodiments, the bacterial species is selected from the group consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, a mixture of one or more of bifidobacterium; further preferably, the strain is selected from bacillus subtilis and/or saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In some preferred embodiments, the strain is a mixture of bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the weight ratio is (3-5): 1.

the term "Bacillus subtilis" as used herein is a member of the genus Bacillus, having the scientific name Bacillus subtilis, capsular, flagellar, motile, gram-positive, with spores located in the center or slightly off-center of the cell, no enlargement of the cell after spore formation, rough and opaque colony surface, white or yellowish staining, and often forms wrinkled walls when grown in liquid media.

The term "brewer's yeast" as used herein, also known as baker's yeast or budding yeast, known as saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a unicellular organism with cells in the shape of ovoid or sphere, having cell walls, cytoplasmic membranes, cell nuclei, vacuoles, mitochondria and various storage and depletion substances, such as oil droplets, glycogen, etc., and the colonies are milky white, glossy, flat, and neat-edged.

The Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the present application may be commercially available, for example, from Shandong Bao Lai Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.

In some preferred embodiments, the fermentation tank in step a is aerobic fermentation.

Aerobic fermentation is realized through blowing air to the fermentation cylinder in this application, and air exhaust device extracts jar interior gas and takes away moisture in the blowing air, can reduce the moisture content of fertilizer.

In general, manure is decomposed into one-time anaerobic fermentation, however, the inventor finds that adding aerobic bacteria into organic fertilizer firstly helps to improve fermentation efficiency and can sterilize and deodorize the manure in the detailed research, because bacillus subtilis can generate a plurality of active substances which can kill and inhibit harmful bacteria in the manure in the growth process, thallus can synthesize a plurality of enzymes for decomposing various macromolecules in the manure, beer yeast has alcohol fermentation capacity, and alcohol obtained by fermentation also has sterilization effect; moreover, the two bacteria are fermented together, so that the decomposition way of organic macromolecules is increased, decomposition products (such as amino acid) are diversified, and the nutritional ingredients of the organic fertilizer are rich and comprehensive; moreover, the growth and fermentation of the two bacteria can continuously consume oxygen in the fermentation tank, so that anaerobic bacteria in the manure can be ensured to continue to grow, and the degradation effect of cellulose decomposing bacteria on auxiliary materials such as the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the cut tobacco leftovers and the like is promoted; in addition, the bacillus subtilis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae also have the function of decomposing peculiar smell molecules, and the odor of the fermented organic fertilizer is reduced. The inventor finds out in repeated experiments that the using amount of strains needs to be strictly controlled, otherwise the fermentation effect of the organic fertilizer is influenced, the reason is that the manure raw material has a complex bacterial colony environment, the introduction of a new bacterial colony is likely to destroy the flora balance of the organic fertilizer, especially, aerobic bacteria with different growth conditions are introduced into a beneficial anaerobic bacteria environment, the growth of beneficial anaerobic bacteria is not influenced by aerobic fermentation, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae which are used as bacteria with similar growth conditions compete for survival conditions, and therefore the proportion of the bacillus subtilis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae is also important.

In some preferred embodiments, the moisture content of the manure is 80-85 wt%.

The method for measuring the water content in the present application may be any one known to those skilled in the art, for example, the method described in GB/T8576-2020 vacuum oven method for measuring the free water content in compound fertilizers.

In some preferred embodiments, the weight ratio of the manure, the auxiliary materials and the strains is (1500-2000): (500-1000): 3.

because complex flora has strict requirements on growth conditions, such as temperature, oxygen content and the like, the organic fertilizer raw materials need to be dehydrated, and the water content is controlled within a certain range to be smoothly fermented. When the using amount of the manure is too much, the auxiliary materials have poor absorption effect on water content, and the ventilation effect in the organic fertilizer is poor, so that the effect of the strains is difficult to exert, otherwise, when the using amount is too little, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is low, and the fertilizer efficiency cannot meet the using requirement; when the using amount of the auxiliary materials is too large, the decomposition of the auxiliary materials by the flora in the organic fertilizer is incomplete, and the absorption effect of crops on nutrient substances is poor; when the using amount of the strain is excessive, the bacterial colony environment in the organic fertilizer is unbalanced, and the fermentation effect is poor.

In some preferred embodiments, the water content of the fermented material is 40-45 wt%.

In some preferred embodiments, the aged material has a water content of no greater than 30 wt%.

In some preferred embodiments, the complex probiotics are a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, radioactive bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria. The composite probiotics in the application is Saion EM-1 produced by Sanko Sangyo in Japan, and when the composite probiotics is used, stock solution needs to be diluted by 1000-2000 times and then is uniformly sprayed on organic fertilizer.

In some preferred embodiments, the amount of the complex probiotics in the step b is 0.1-0.5 wt% of the manure; further preferably, the amount of the composite probiotics in the step b is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the manure.

In some preferred embodiments, the amount of the complex probiotics in the step c is 0.1-0.5 wt% of the manure; further preferably, the amount of the composite probiotics in the step c is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the manure.

The invention adopts aerobic and anaerobic two-stage fermentation, the fermentation efficiency is higher, the special auxiliary materials are used, the nutritive value of the organic fertilizer is increased, meanwhile, the manure with high water content can be directly fermented, the dehydration step is omitted, a large amount of energy is saved, various probiotics are continuously propagated by utilizing the nutrients in the fertilizer and the secretions generated by the probiotics by changing the adding mode of the probiotics, the enrichment effect of the probiotics in the organic fertilizer is greatly improved, the nutrient substances in the organic fertilizer are favorably absorbed by crops, the special effect of expelling insects is also achieved, and the disease resistance of the crops is improved.

In some preferred embodiments, the time for stacking and aging in step b is 10 to 30 days.

The invention provides a compound microbial organic fertilizer, which is prepared by the preparation method.