阅读说明：本技术 一种林可霉素菌渣微生物肥料及其制备方法 (Lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 曾保权 于 2020-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种林可霉素菌渣微生物肥料及其制备方法,涉及微生物肥料技术领域。本发明公开的林可霉素菌渣微生物肥料是由林可霉素菌渣、微生物菌剂、高炉矿渣、藻类、有机肥和无机肥组成,所述微生物菌剂的有效活菌数不少于6×10<Sup>8</Sup>个/g·微生物肥料。本发明将林可霉素菌渣中的林可霉素去除,并将林可霉素菌渣微生物肥料颗粒化,其用时较短,并保有了林可霉素菌渣微生物肥料的活性,工艺简单,原料易得,高效、安全的去除菌渣中残留的林可霉素,实现了林可霉素菌渣在微生物肥料中的有效利用,降低了菌渣的处理成本,并能为企业带来一定的收益,实现资源的可再生利用,保护了生态环境。(The invention discloses a lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, wherein the lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer disclosed by the invention consists of lincomycin bacterial residue, a microbial agent, blast furnace slag, algae, an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, and the effective viable count of the microbial agent is not less than 6 × 10 8 Microbial fertilizer per gram. The method removes the lincomycin in the lincomycin bacterial slag, granulizes the lincomycin bacterial slag microbial fertilizer, has short use time, maintains the activity of the lincomycin bacterial slag microbial fertilizer, has simple process, easily obtained raw materials, efficiently and safely removes the residual lincomycin in the bacterial slag, realizes the effective utilization of the lincomycin bacterial slag in the microbial fertilizer, reduces the treatment cost of the bacterial slag, can bring certain benefits to enterprises, realizes the renewable utilization of resources and protects the ecological environment.)

1. The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer is characterized by consisting of lincomycin bacterial residue, a microbial agent, blast furnace slag, algae, an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, wherein the effective viable count of the microbial agent is not less than 6 × 10⁸The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: uniformly mixing the sludge and the livestock manure, adding plant straws and wood chips, heating the mixture to 100 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 65-80% to prepare an organic fertilizer for later use;

(2) pretreatment of lincomycin bacterial residues: adjusting the pH value of the lincomycin bacterial slag to 8-9 by adopting a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, then adding 2mol/L of sodium percarbonate solution into the lincomycin bacterial slag after the pH value is adjusted, stirring for 1-2h at room temperature, placing the lincomycin bacterial slag in a heating roller, heating to 110-;

(3) pretreatment of blast furnace slag: placing blast furnace slag in 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, reacting for 2h, then adding hydrochloric acid solution for neutralization, and drying for later use;

(4) adding the pretreated lincomycin bacterial slag, the organic fertilizer, the pretreated blast furnace slag and the inorganic fertilizer into a stirring kettle, uniformly mixing, adding acid or alkali to adjust the pH value of the mixture to 7.5, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 70-80%, adding the microbial agent, uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature at 30-45 ℃, and preserving the heat for 68-72 hours to obtain the microbial fertilizer;

(5) and (3) uniformly stirring the microbial fertilizer and the algae, standing for 10-12h, stirring for 5min every 1h in the standing process, and then granulating and drying to obtain the granular lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer.

2. The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, sphingosine bacillus, bacillus cereus and azotobacter chroococcum, and the effective viable bacteria ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the sphingosine bacillus, the bacillus cereus and the azotobacter chroococcum is 1: (0.2-0.5): (0.1-0.3).

3. The lincomycin bacterial dreg microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic fertilizer is one or more of urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate.

4. The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of sodium percarbonate in 1kg of lincomycin bacterial residue in the step (2) is 2L.

5. The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40-60 parts of sludge, 10-20 parts of plant straw and 5-10 parts of wood dust.

6. The lincomycin bacterial dreg microbial fertilizer as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the raw materials of the biological fertilizer in the step (4) are as follows according to parts by weight: 10-20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 40-60 parts of pretreated lincomycin bacterial slag, 5-10 parts of pretreated blast furnace slag and 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer.

7. The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the algae in the step (5) is 15-20% of the mass of the microbial fertilizer prepared in the step (4).

8. The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the algae are gulfweed, gossypium hirsutum, gymnodinium and microcystis flos, and the mass ratio of the four algae is (3-5): 1:1: (2-3).

9. The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pretreatment method of the algae is as follows: drying algae, pulverizing to 0.3-0.5mm, spreading to a thickness of 2cm, spraying with dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 3 times at an interval of 2 hr until the algae is wetted, and oven drying to obtain treated algae.

10. The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat preservation conditions in the step (4) are as follows: stirring for 10min every 2h, and providing sufficient oxygen all the time in the process.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to a lincomycin bacterial residue-based microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Lincomycin is an antibacterial antibiotic widely used in the world, is also called lincomycin and lincomycin, is a biosynthetic medicine for resisting gram-positive bacteria, is mainly produced by a biological fermentation method, and generates a large amount of waste water and fermentation residues in the process. China is a large country for lincomycin production, and the wet residue produced by producing lincomycin every year in China reaches thousands of tons. The main component of the mushroom dregs is microbial mycelium, and the rest culture medium after fermentation also contains a small amount of lincomycin residues and degradation products thereof. Lincomycin bacterial residues are listed in the national hazardous waste record in 2008, and how to reasonably treat a large amount of waste bacterial residues is a problem to be solved urgently by most antibiotic production enterprises in China at present.

The treatment method of the lincomycin bacterial residues mainly comprises the following steps: fertilizer method, feed method, landfill, incineration pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting and the like. Because lincomycin mushroom dregs contain a plurality of nutrient components, the mushroom dregs are used as feed or feed additives after being dried in the past. Because a small amount of lincomycin remains in the feed, animals can generate other problems of drug resistance, zoonosis and the like after long-term eating, the removal of antibiotics in the feed is increasingly concerned by the nation, and in 2002, a 'list of drug varieties forbidden to be used in the feed and animal drinking water' is listed, and the prohibition of antibiotic fungi residues as the feed or directly as the fertilizer is made. At present, the method for treating the lincomycin bacterial slag by each medicine enterprise adopts 500-plus 600 ℃ high-temperature incineration, the incineration not only brings huge economic burden to the medicine enterprises, but also does not utilize useful components in the bacterial slag, thereby causing resource waste. Anaerobic digestion treatment is a complex ecological system, the anaerobic digestion effect is greatly influenced by the proportion of raw materials, the antibiotic removal rate is high, the pollutant production amount is large, and the waste water and waste residue treatment is difficult. The aerobic composting method can utilize, decompose or convert residual antibiotics in the mushroom dregs into other harmless substances by microorganisms under the action of aerobic microorganisms, realizes the harmless treatment of the mushroom dregs, develops special fertilizers and realizes the recycling of the mushroom dregs.

Lincomycin belongs to lincosamide antibiotics, has good thermal stability, and can stably exist for 1 month at 70 ℃. At present, a small amount of lincomycin left in the mushroom dregs is removed by methods such as ozone oxidation, titanium dioxide photocatalytic oxidation, cow dung compost and the like at home and abroad, but the application of the methods is limited and the methods have influence on nutrient components in the mushroom dregs. The patent number CN109022318A discloses a bacillus subtilis L1 and application thereof in degrading lincomycin residues, wherein fermentation liquor obtained by fermenting and culturing the bacillus subtilis L1 is inoculated into the lincomycin residues and cultured at the temperature of 25-37 ℃ and the rpm of 80-220 to realize degradation of the lincomycin in the residues. The method has the degradation rate of the lincomycin reaching 95.39% within 6 days, but in the process, the bacillus subtilis L1 can generate resistance to the lincomycin, and the further resource utilization of the lincomycin residues containing degradation strains after treatment is limited. Patent No. CN107311729A discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing lincomycin bacterial dregs, which is to oxidize and degrade lincomycin in the bacterial dregs by potassium persulfate and zinc acetate, the removal rate of the lincomycin is as high as 99.9 percent, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria are not contained. However, the water content and the molar ratio of the lincomycin bacterial residues to the potassium persulfate and the zinc acetate are limited by strict conditions, are set based on the condition of high concentration of the lincomycin in the bacterial residues, cannot be randomly changed, or cannot achieve the required removal efficiency, and cause reduction of nutritive organic matters in the bacterial residues, so the method is not easy to control in practical application, and the application scene is limited.

At present, the lincomycin bacterial residues are widely researched and applied at home and abroad, but except for a batch obtained by producing fertilizers by using penicillin bacterial residues, no report that the lincomycin bacterial residues are legally applied is found, so that a safe and effective method for preparing the fertilizers by using the lincomycin bacterial residues is urgently needed, the lincomycin in the bacterial residues is completely removed, and the nutritive organic matters in the bacterial residues are effectively utilized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a method for preparing a microbial fertilizer by utilizing lincomycin bacterial dregs, which can efficiently and safely remove residual lincomycin in the bacterial dregs and realize the effective utilization of the lincomycin bacterial dregs in the microbial fertilizer.

In order to realize the aim of the invention, the invention provides a lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer which consists of lincomycin bacterial residue, a microbial agent, blast furnace slag, algae, an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, wherein the effective viable count of the microbial agent is not less than 6 × 10⁸Microorganism fertilizer per gram, and its preparation methodThe preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: uniformly mixing the sludge and the livestock manure, adding plant straws and wood chips, heating the mixture to 100 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 65-80% to prepare an organic fertilizer for later use;

(2) pretreatment of lincomycin bacterial residues: adjusting the pH value of the lincomycin bacterial slag to 8-9 by adopting a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, then adding 2mol/L of sodium percarbonate solution into the lincomycin bacterial slag after the pH value is adjusted, stirring for 1-2h at room temperature, placing the lincomycin bacterial slag in a heating roller, heating to 110-;

(3) pretreatment of blast furnace slag: placing blast furnace slag in 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, reacting for 2h, then adding hydrochloric acid solution for neutralization, and drying for later use;

(4) adding the pretreated lincomycin bacterial slag, the organic fertilizer, the pretreated blast furnace slag and the inorganic fertilizer into a stirring kettle, uniformly mixing, adding acid or alkali to adjust the pH value of the mixture to 7.5, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 70-80%, adding the microbial agent, uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature at 30-45 ℃, and preserving the heat for 68-72 hours to obtain the microbial fertilizer;

(5) and (3) uniformly stirring the microbial fertilizer and the algae, standing for 10-12h, stirring for 5min every 1h in the standing process, and then granulating and drying to obtain the granular lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer.

Further, the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, sphingosine bacillus, bacillus cereus and azotobacter chroococcum, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the sphingosine bacillus to the azotobacter chroococcum is 1: (0.2-0.5): (0.1-0.3).

Further, the inorganic fertilizer is one or more of urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate.

Further, the adding amount of sodium percarbonate in 1kg of lincomycin bacterial residues in the step (2) is 2L.

Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40-60 parts of sludge, 10-20 parts of plant straw and 5-10 parts of wood dust.

Further, the raw materials of the biological fertilizer in the step (4) are as follows by weight: 10-20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 40-60 parts of pretreated lincomycin bacterial slag, 5-10 parts of pretreated blast furnace slag and 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer.

Further, the adding amount of the algae in the step (5) is 15-20% of the mass of the microbial fertilizer prepared in the step (4).

Further, the algae are gulfweed, gossypium hirsutum, Gymnodinium and Microcystis floricola, and the mass ratio of the four algae is (3-5): 1:1: (2-3).

Further, the pretreatment method of the algae comprises the following steps: drying algae, pulverizing to 0.3-0.5mm, spreading to a thickness of 2cm, spraying with dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 3 times at an interval of 2 hr until the algae is wetted, and oven drying to obtain treated algae.

Further, the heat preservation conditions in the step (4) are as follows: stirring for 10min every 2h, and providing sufficient oxygen all the time in the process.

The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

1. the lincomycin bacterial residue is subjected to oxidation treatment by sodium percarbonate under an alkaline condition to eliminate antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the bacterial residue, so that the microbial fertilizer does not contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria and does not cause bacterial resistance in soil, and the molecular structures of lincomycin, protein and polysaccharide in the bacterial residue can be destroyed, so that the subsequent microbial decomposition is facilitated, and the lincomycin bacterial residue is converted into a fertilizer required by the soil. The sodium percarbonate is decomposed at high temperature, so that other components in the lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer cannot be influenced, and the use of nutrient components in the microbial agent and the organic fertilizer cannot be influenced.

2. The blast furnace slag can provide calcium silicon and various trace elements required by plant growth and development in the microbial fertilizer, and the calcium silicon and the trace elements are subjected to acid-base treatment, so that beneficial elements in the blast furnace slag are converted into soluble effective nutrient components capable of being absorbed by plants.

3. Heavy metal ions in the blast furnace slag and the sludge destroy the spatial structures of lincomycin and protein, so that the microbial agent can be decomposed more easily and converted into nutrient components required by soil.

4. The microbial agent disclosed by the invention is composed of bacillus subtilis, sphingosine bacillus, bacillus cereus and azotobacter chroococcum, and the four microbial bacterium combinations can better degrade lincomycin and can decompose organic matters and organic fertilizers in lincomycin residues into nutrient substances required by soil. The temperature of the invention is controlled at 30-45 ℃, which is more beneficial to the survival of microorganism bacteria and ensures that the lincomycin bacterial residue microorganism fertilizer can achieve better fermentation effect in a shorter time.

5. The algae of the invention is composed of gulfweed, gossypium hirsutum, gymnodinium and microcystis flos aquaticum, and after the algae is pretreated, the algae obtains better adsorption effect, can react or adsorb with heavy metals in lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer, and reduces the content of the heavy metals in the lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer, thereby reducing the deposition of the heavy metals in animals and plants, and protecting the environment and human health. Due to the high nutrient content and the rapid propagation capacity of the algae, the required nutrient components can be provided for the lincomycin bacterial dreg microbial fertilizer, the problem of ecological environment damage of algae water bodies in rivers and ponds can be solved, the renewable utilization of the algae is improved, and the environmental resources are reasonably and effectively utilized.

6. The antibiotics in the lincomycin residues can be efficiently and safely removed, the drug-resistant bacteria in the residues are inactivated, the process is simple, the operation is convenient, the components do not need to be strictly and accurately controlled, the lincomycin residues are easy to control in practical application, and the application scene is not limited.

7. The method can provide a method for safely processing the lincomycin bacterial residues and reasonably utilizing resources for pharmaceutical enterprises, reduces the processing cost of the bacterial residues, can bring certain benefits for the enterprises, realizes the renewable utilization of the resources and protects the ecological environment.

8. In the production process, the temperature is controlled to be 30-45 ℃, so that the survival rate of the microbial bacteria is higher, the quality of the lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer is improved, the lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer is put into soil, and the microbial bacteria can continuously utilize organic matters in the soil to provide nutrient components for plants.

9. Compared with the existing composting process, the production process of the invention has the advantages of short time consumption, activity of the lincomycin bacterial dreg microbial fertilizer, simple process and easily obtained raw materials, granulation of the lincomycin bacterial dreg microbial fertilizer, no need of occupying a large area of production area, mass production, application of the lincomycin bacterial dreg microbial fertilizer as a base fertilizer for vegetables and fruits, machine sowing in the field, and mixing with other fertilizers, thereby improving the market competitiveness of the product.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The lincomycin bacterial residue microbial fertilizer and the preparation method thereof are described below by combining specific examples.