阅读说明：本技术 一种腐植酸复合肥及其制备方法 (Humic acid compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 廖永波 王刚 于 2020-06-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种腐植酸复合肥,腐植酸,氨基酸,氧化钾,氟硅酸钠,尿素,活化有机质,营养素,硫酸钾,钙粉,微生物菌剂,粉状防结剂,磷酸铵,氧化剂,氢氧化钾。本发明还公开了一种腐植酸复合肥制备方法,包括选取风化煤,制备腐植酸,混合得混合腐植酸以及干燥后得到腐植酸复合肥等步骤。本发明的腐植酸复合肥及其制备方法能够改良土壤板结、透气性差等问题,还能促进作物生长、提高作物产量。(The invention discloses a humic acid compound fertilizer, humic acid, amino acid, potassium oxide, sodium fluosilicate, urea, activated organic matter, nutrient, potassium sulfate, calcium powder, microbial agent, powdery anti-caking agent, ammonium phosphate, oxidant and potassium hydroxide. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the humic acid compound fertilizer, which comprises the steps of selecting weathered coal, preparing humic acid, mixing to obtain mixed humic acid, drying to obtain the humic acid compound fertilizer and the like. The humic acid compound fertilizer and the preparation method thereof can improve the problems of soil hardening, poor air permeability and the like, and can also promote the growth of crops and improve the yield of the crops.)

1. The humic acid compound fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

18-25 parts of humic acid, 4-5 parts of amino acid, 5-12 parts of potassium oxide, 5-8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 20-25 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of activated organic matters, 5-12 parts of nutrients, 19-22 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-7 parts of calcium powder, 5-8 parts of microbial agent, 1-2 parts of powdery anti-caking agent, 12-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1-6 parts of oxidant and 7-18 parts of potassium hydroxide.

2. The humic acid compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-22 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of amino acid, 8-10 parts of potassium oxide, 6-7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 22-23 parts of urea, 8-11 parts of activated organic matter, 5-8 parts of nutrients, 20-21 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of calcium powder, 6-7 parts of microbial agent, 2 parts of powdery anti-caking agent, 15-19 parts of ammonium phosphate, 2-5 parts of oxidant and 10-12 parts of potassium hydroxide.

3. The humic acid compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the humic acid is prepared by mixing one or more of weathered coal, turf, peat, lignite and plant straw buried substances according to the proportion of 1: 1.

4. The humic acid compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the content of total humic acid in the weathered coal, the peat and the peat is more than or equal to 80 percent.

5. The humic acid compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the powdery anti-caking agent is formed by mixing one or more of zeolite powder, diatomite, silicon dioxide powder or aluminum silicate according to any ratio.

6. The preparation method of the humic acid compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting one or more of weathered coal, turf, peat, lignite and plant straw buried objects, mixing, adding an oxidant and a microbial agent, fermenting at 86 ℃ for 8 hours, filtering, and taking out a precipitate, wherein the water content of the precipitate is 15-20%;

secondly, placing the precipitate obtained in the first step in a vibration machine to vibrate violently to crush the raw material coal to 0.5 mu m, then adding water to stir fully and uniformly, standing for more than 15 days, removing supernatant and drying to obtain humic acid;

adding amino acid, potassium oxide, sodium fluosilicate, urea, activated organic matters, nutrients, potassium sulfate, calcium powder, ammonium phosphate and potassium hydroxide into humic acid according to a proportion, and then uniformly mixing to obtain mixed humic acid;

and step four, adding a powdery anti-caking agent into the mixed humic acid, uniformly stirring again, and drying to obtain the humic acid compound fertilizer.

7. The humic acid compound fertilizer preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, and the weight ratio is 2: 1: 1: 3, and mixing the components in a ratio of 3.

8. The humic acid compound fertilizer preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the plant straw buried object is fermented by bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, and the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor comprises 0.02% of beef extract, 0.02% of peptone, 0.008% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.

9. The humic acid compound fertilizer preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: and in the fourth step, drying is carried out at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, or natural air drying is carried out.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizer production, in particular to a humic acid compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Humic acid is a natural organic high molecular compound. Is present in the humus and low-rank coal material of the soil. According to the growth process, there are primary humic acid and regenerated humic acid. The part of humic acid dissolved in solution such as acetone, ethanol and the like is called as brown humic acid or melissic acid; the fraction dissolved in water is called fulvic acid. Contains elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and the like, and active groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, quinonyl, methoxyl and the like. The active groups determine the properties of the humic acid such as weak acidity, hydrophilicity, ion exchange property, complexation property, oxidation-reduction property, physiological activity and the like. Is formed by partial decomposition of plant residues in the presence of air and moisture. Humic acid is black brown or black amorphous powder, slightly soluble in water to be acidic, and soluble in hot concentrated nitric acid to be dark red. Can be made into soluble humate by reacting with alkaline solution, and has dispersing and emulsifying effects. Can be used as soil conditioner, fertilizer, plant growth hormone, pesticide, herbicide, water softener for boiler and slurry stabilizer for petroleum drilling.

The humic acid fertilizer is a novel fertilizer containing humic acid substances and is also a multifunctional fertilizer. The humic acid fertilizer is compounded with turf, peat, weathered coal, lignite and other chemical fertilizer and has the main products including ammonium humate, phosphorus humate, potassium humate, sodium humate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium humate compound fertilizer, nitro compound fertilizer including ammonium nitro humate, potassium nitro humate, etc.

Because humic acid has various active functional groups and larger specific surface area, the humic acid is also an environment-friendly adsorbent. The humic acid has obvious effects on improving soil, increasing crop yield and increasing fertilizer efficiency, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved by adding the humic acid into the fertilizer, so that the crop yield is improved.

However, in the currently used soil compound fertilizer, soil hardening can be caused, the air permeability of the soil is poor directly, and the yield of crops can be influenced after the soil compound fertilizer is used for a long time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a humic acid compound fertilizer which can improve the problems of soil hardening, poor air permeability and the like, can promote the growth of crops and improve the yield of the crops and a preparation method thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the humic acid compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

18-25 parts of humic acid, 4-5 parts of amino acid, 5-12 parts of potassium oxide, 5-8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 20-25 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of activated organic matters, 5-12 parts of nutrients, 19-22 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-7 parts of calcium powder, 5-8 parts of microbial agent, 1-2 parts of powdery anti-caking agent, 12-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1-6 parts of oxidant and 7-18 parts of potassium hydroxide.

Further, the feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-22 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of amino acid, 8-10 parts of potassium oxide, 6-7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 22-23 parts of urea, 8-11 parts of activated organic matter, 5-8 parts of nutrients, 20-21 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of calcium powder, 6-7 parts of microbial agent, 2 parts of powdery anti-caking agent, 15-19 parts of ammonium phosphate, 2-5 parts of oxidant and 10-12 parts of potassium hydroxide.

Furthermore, the humic acid is prepared by mixing one or more of weathered coal, turf, peat, lignite and plant straw buried substances according to the proportion of 1: 1.

Further, the content of total humic acid in the weathered coal, the turf and the peat is more than or equal to 80 percent.

Furthermore, the powdery anti-caking agent is formed by mixing one or more of zeolite powder, diatomite, silicon dioxide powder or aluminum silicate according to any ratio.

A preparation method of a humic acid compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

selecting one or more of weathered coal, turf, peat, lignite and plant straw buried objects, mixing, adding an oxidant and a microbial agent, fermenting at 86 ℃ for 8 hours, filtering, and taking out a precipitate, wherein the water content of the precipitate is 15-20%;

secondly, placing the precipitate obtained in the first step in a vibration machine to vibrate violently to crush the raw material coal to 0.5 mu m, then adding water to stir fully and uniformly, standing for more than 15 days, removing supernatant and drying to obtain humic acid;

adding amino acid, potassium oxide, sodium fluosilicate, urea, activated organic matters, nutrients, potassium sulfate, calcium powder, ammonium phosphate and potassium hydroxide into humic acid according to a proportion, and then uniformly mixing to obtain mixed humic acid;

and step four, adding a powdery anti-caking agent into the mixed humic acid, uniformly stirring again, and drying to obtain the humic acid compound fertilizer.

Further, the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, and the weight ratio of the oxidant is 2: 1: 1: 3, and mixing the components in a ratio of 3.

Further, the plant straw buried object is fermented by bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, and the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor comprises 0.02% of beef extract, 0.02% of peptone, 0.008% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.

Further, in the fourth step, drying is carried out at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, or natural air drying is carried out.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. improving soil:

the humic acid compound fertilizer is mainly used for improving soil or processing fertilizer in agricultural production, and humic acid can enter plant bodies through roots, stems and leaves of plants, so that the opening degree of air holes of crops is reduced, transpiration of water is reduced, the plants and the soil keep more water, and the humic acid compound fertilizer is an excellent drought-resistant agent, so that soil hardening can be prevented, and the air permeability of the soil can be enhanced.

2. Increasing available nutrients:

the humic acid compound fertilizer increases the growth speed of soil microorganisms, accelerates the mineralization speed of organic nitrogen, has higher salt base exchange capacity, can reduce the volatilization loss of nitrogen, and simultaneously improves the content of quick-acting nitrogen in soil.

3. Stimulating the growth of crops:

the humic acid compound fertilizer can strengthen the activity of various enzymes and the oxidation-reduction process in plants. Can promote seed germination and root growth, improve water and fertilizer absorbing capacity of the root system, increase tillering or branching and promote early maturity.

4. The crop yield is improved:

the humic acid compound fertilizer can improve the activity of various enzymes and the content of chlorophyll, increase metabolism and photosynthesis, increase sugar and dry matters, improve the anti-stress capability of crops such as freezing resistance, disease resistance and the like, can also complex trace elements, improve the absorption capability of the crops to the trace elements, improve the yield of the crops and improve the quality of the crops, and is a novel plant growth regulator.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

The humic acid compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

18-25 parts of humic acid, 4-5 parts of amino acid, 5-12 parts of potassium oxide, 5-8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 20-25 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of activated organic matters, 5-12 parts of nutrients, 19-22 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-7 parts of calcium powder, 5-8 parts of microbial agent, 1-2 parts of powdery anti-caking agent, 12-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1-6 parts of oxidant and 7-18 parts of potassium hydroxide.

The more specific components are as follows: 20-22 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of amino acid, 8-10 parts of potassium oxide, 6-7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 22-23 parts of urea, 8-11 parts of activated organic matter, 5-8 parts of nutrients, 20-21 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of calcium powder, 6-7 parts of microbial agent, 2 parts of powdery anti-caking agent, 15-19 parts of ammonium phosphate, 2-5 parts of oxidant and 10-12 parts of potassium hydroxide.

The humic acid is prepared by mixing one or more of weathered coal, turf, peat, lignite and plant straw buried objects, and if the humic acid is mixed with a plurality of plants, the plurality of plants are optimally mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, or can be mixed according to any proportion to remove impurities. And the content of the total humic acid in the selected weathered coal, turf and peat is more than or equal to eighty percent.

The powdery anti-caking agent is prepared by mixing one or more of zeolite powder, diatomite, silicon dioxide powder or aluminum silicate according to any ratio, and the pH value is controlled to be 7-9.

A preparation method of a humic acid compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

selecting one or more of weathered coal, turf, peat, lignite and plant straw buried objects, mixing, adding an oxidant and a microbial agent, fermenting at 86 ℃ for 8 hours, filtering, and taking out a precipitate, wherein the water content of the precipitate is 15-20%;

secondly, placing the precipitate obtained in the first step in a vibration machine to vibrate violently to crush the raw material coal to 0.5 mu m, then adding water to stir fully and uniformly, standing for more than 15 days, removing supernatant and drying to obtain humic acid;

adding amino acid, potassium oxide, sodium fluosilicate, urea, activated organic matters, nutrients, potassium sulfate, calcium powder, ammonium phosphate and potassium hydroxide into humic acid according to a proportion, and then uniformly mixing to obtain mixed humic acid;

and step four, adding a powdery anti-caking agent into the mixed humic acid, uniformly stirring again, and drying to obtain the humic acid compound fertilizer.

The oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, and the weight ratio is 2: 1: 1: 3, and mixing the components in a ratio of 3.

The plant straw buried object is fermented by bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, wherein the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor comprises 0.02% of beef extract, 0.02% of peptone, 0.008% of sodium chloride and the balance of water.

And in the fourth step, drying at 40-50 ℃, or naturally drying.

Performance experiments:

50kg of common compound fertilizer and 50kg of humic acid compound fertilizer are taken for equal fertilization. Wherein, the ordinary compound fertilizer is applied on an experimental plot 1, and the humic acid compound fertilizer is applied on an experimental plot 2. The control plot was used as a control group. The experimental plot 1, the control plot and the experimental plot 2 are mutually connected and have consistent area.

And plants of the same variety are planted in the same quantity on 3 plots. The other external environmental conditions of the 3 blocks are the same. By observing and detecting the improvement of 3 pieces of land soil, the following table 1 is obtained on the aspects of increasing available nutrients, accelerating the growth of crops and improving the yield of the crops:

table 1: performance comparison table

In conclusion, the humic acid compound fertilizer can improve the soil: the humic acid compound fertilizer is mainly used for improving soil or processing fertilizer in agricultural production, and humic acid can enter plant bodies through roots, stems and leaves of plants, so that the opening degree of air holes of crops is reduced, the transpiration of water is reduced, the plants and the soil keep more water, and the humic acid compound fertilizer is an excellent drought-resistant agent, so that the soil can be prevented from hardening, and the air permeability of the soil can be enhanced;

the effective nutrients can be increased: the humic acid compound fertilizer increases the growth speed of soil microorganisms, accelerates the mineralization speed of organic nitrogen, has higher salt base exchange capacity, can reduce the volatilization loss of nitrogen, and simultaneously improves the content of quick-acting nitrogen in soil.

Can stimulate the growth of crops: the humic acid compound fertilizer can strengthen the activity of various enzymes and the oxidation-reduction process in plants. Can promote seed germination and root growth, improve water and fertilizer absorbing capacity of the root system, increase tillering or branching and promote early maturity.

Can improve the crop yield: the humic acid compound fertilizer can improve the activity of various enzymes and the content of chlorophyll, increase metabolism and photosynthesis, increase sugar and dry matters, improve the anti-stress capability of crops such as freezing resistance, disease resistance and the like, can also complex trace elements, improve the absorption capability of the crops to the trace elements, improve the yield of the crops and improve the quality of the crops, and is a novel plant growth regulator. .

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.